EC |
1.14.16.2 |
Accepted name: |
tyrosine 3-monooxygenase |
Reaction: |
L-tyrosine + a 5,6,7,8-tetrahydropteridine + O2 = L-dopa + a 4a-hydroxy-5,6,7,8-tetrahydropteridine |
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For diagram of dopa biosynthesis, click here and for diagram of biopterin biosynthesis, click here |
Glossary: |
L-dopa = 3,4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine |
Other name(s): |
L-tyrosine hydroxylase; tyrosine 3-hydroxylase; tyrosine hydroxylase |
Systematic name: |
L-tyrosine,tetrahydropteridine:oxygen oxidoreductase (3-hydroxylating) |
Comments: |
The active centre contains mononuclear iron(II). The enzyme is activated by phosphorylation, catalysed by EC 2.7.11.27, [acetyl-CoA carboxylase] kinase. The 4a-hydroxytetrahydropteridine formed can dehydrate to 6,7-dihydropteridine, both spontaneously and by the action of EC 4.2.1.96, 4a-hydroxytetrahydrobiopterin dehydratase. The 6,7-dihydropteridine must be enzymically reduced back to tetrahydropteridine, by EC 1.5.1.34, 6,7-dihydropteridine reductase, before it slowly rearranges into the more stable but inactive compound 7,8-dihydropteridine. |
Links to other databases: |
BRENDA, EXPASY, KEGG, MetaCyc, PDB, CAS registry number: 9036-22-0 |
References: |
1. |
El Mestikawy, S., Glowinski, J. and Hamon, M. Tyrosine hydroxylase activation in depolarized dopaminergic terminals -involvement of Ca2+-dependent phosphorylation. Nature (Lond.) 302 (1983) 830–832. [PMID: 6133218] |
2. |
Ikeda, M., Levitt, M. and Udenfriend, S. Phenylalanine as substrate and inhibitor of tyrosine hydroxylase. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 120 (1967) 420–427. [DOI] [PMID: 6033458] |
3. |
Nagatsu, T., Levitt, M. and Udenfriend, S. Tyrosine hydroxylase. The initial step in norepinephrine biosynthesis. J. Biol. Chem. 239 (1964) 2910–2917. [PMID: 14216443] |
4. |
Pigeon, D., Drissi-Daoudi, R., Gros, F. and Thibault, J. Copurification of tyrosine hydroxylase from rat pheochromocytoma by
protein kinase. C. R. Acad. Sci. III 302 (1986) 435–438. [PMID: 2872947] |
5. |
Goodwill, K.E., Sabatier, C., Marks, C., Raag, R., Fitzpatrick, P.F. and Stevens, R.C. Crystal structure of tyrosine hydroxylase at 2.3 Å and its implications for inherited neurodegenerative diseases. Nat. Struct. Biol. 4 (1997) 578–585. [PMID: 9228951] |
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[EC 1.14.16.2 created 1972, modified 2003, modified 2019] |
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