ExplorEnz: EC 2.1.1.159

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2.1.1.159

Accepted name:

theobromine synthase

Reaction:

S-adenosyl-L-methionine + 7-methylxanthine = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 3,7-dimethylxanthine

For diagram of caffeine biosynthesis, click here

Glossary:

theobromine = 3,7-dimethylxanthine
paraxanthine = 1,7-dimethylxanthine

Other name(s):

monomethylxanthine methyltransferase; MXMT; CTS1; CTS2; S-adenosyl-L-methionine:7-methylxanthine 3-N-methyltransferase

Systematic name:

S-adenosyl-L-methionine:7-methylxanthine N³-methyltransferase

Comments:

This is the third enzyme in the caffeine-biosynthesis pathway. This enzyme can also catalyse the conversion of paraxanthine into caffeine, although the paraxanthine pathway is considered to be a minor pathway for caffeine biosynthesis [2,3].

Links to other databases:

BRENDA, EXPASY, Gene, KEGG, MetaCyc

References:

1.	Ogawa, M., Herai, Y., Koizumi, N., Kusano, T. and Sano, H. 7-Methylxanthine methyltransferase of coffee plants. Gene isolation and enzymatic properties. J. Biol. Chem. 276 (2001) 8213–8218. [DOI] [PMID: 11108716]
2.	Uefuji, H., Ogita, S., Yamaguchi, Y., Koizumi, N. and Sano, H. Molecular cloning and functional characterization of three distinct N-methyltransferases involved in the caffeine biosynthetic pathway in coffee plants. Plant Physiol. 132 (2003) 372–380. [DOI] [PMID: 12746542]
3.	Yoneyama, N., Morimoto, H., Ye, C.X., Ashihara, H., Mizuno, K. and Kato, M. Substrate specificity of N-methyltransferase involved in purine alkaloids synthesis is dependent upon one amino acid residue of the enzyme. Mol. Genet. Genomics 275 (2006) 125–135. [DOI] [PMID: 16333668]

[EC 2.1.1.159 created 2007]