The Enzyme Database

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EC 1.14.13.217     
Accepted name: protodeoxyviolaceinate monooxygenase
Reaction: protodeoxyviolaceinate + NAD(P)H + O2 = protoviolaceinate + NAD(P)+ + H2O
For diagram of violacein biosynthesis, click here
Glossary: protodeoxyviolaceinate = 3,5-di(1H-indol-3-yl)-1H-pyrrole-2-carboxylate
protoviolaceinate = 5-(5-hydroxy-1H-indol-3-yl)-3-(1H-indol-3-yl)-1H-pyrrole-2-carboxylate
Other name(s): vioD (gene name); protoviolaceinate synthase
Systematic name: protodeoxyviolaceinate,NAD(P)H:O2 oxidoreductase
Comments: The enzyme, characterized from the bacterium Chromobacterium violaceum, participates in the biosynthesis of the violet pigment violacein. The product, protoviolaceinate, can be acted upon by EC 1.14.13.224, violacein synthase, leading to violacein production. However, it is very labile, and in the presence of oxygen can undergo non-enzymic autooxidation to the shunt product proviolacein.
Links to other databases: BRENDA, EXPASY, KEGG, MetaCyc, PDB
References:
1.  Balibar, C.J. and Walsh, C.T. In vitro biosynthesis of violacein from L-tryptophan by the enzymes VioA-E from Chromobacterium violaceum. Biochemistry 45 (2006) 15444–15457. [DOI] [PMID: 17176066]
2.  Shinoda, K., Hasegawa, T., Sato, H., Shinozaki, M., Kuramoto, H., Takamiya, Y., Sato, T., Nikaidou, N., Watanabe, T. and Hoshino, T. Biosynthesis of violacein: a genuine intermediate, protoviolaceinic acid, produced by VioABDE, and insight into VioC function. Chem. Commun. (Camb.) (2007) 4140–4142. [DOI] [PMID: 17925955]
[EC 1.14.13.217 created 2016, modified 2016]
 
 
EC 1.14.13.224     
Accepted name: violacein synthase
Reaction: (1) protoviolaceinate + NAD(P)H + O2 = violaceinate + NAD(P)+ + H2O
(2) protodeoxyviolaceinate + NAD(P)H + O2 = deoxyviolaceinate + NAD(P)+ + H2O
For diagram of violacein biosynthesis, click here
Glossary: violacein = (3E)-3-[5-(5-hydroxy-1H-indol-3-yl)-2-oxo-1,2-dihydro-3H-pyrrol-3-ylidene]-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one
Other name(s): proviolaceinate monooxygenase; vioC (gene name)
Systematic name: protoviolaceinate,NAD(P)H:O2 oxidoreductase
Comments: The enzyme, characterized from the bacterium Chromobacterium violaceum, participates in the biosynthesis of the violet pigment violacein. The products, violaceinate and deoxyviolaceinate, undergo non-enzymic autooxidation into violacein and deoxyviolacein, respectively.
Links to other databases: BRENDA, EXPASY, KEGG, MetaCyc
References:
1.  Balibar, C.J. and Walsh, C.T. In vitro biosynthesis of violacein from L-tryptophan by the enzymes VioA-E from Chromobacterium violaceum. Biochemistry 45 (2006) 15444–15457. [DOI] [PMID: 17176066]
2.  Shinoda, K., Hasegawa, T., Sato, H., Shinozaki, M., Kuramoto, H., Takamiya, Y., Sato, T., Nikaidou, N., Watanabe, T. and Hoshino, T. Biosynthesis of violacein: a genuine intermediate, protoviolaceinic acid, produced by VioABDE, and insight into VioC function. Chem. Commun. (Camb.) (2007) 4140–4142. [DOI] [PMID: 17925955]
[EC 1.14.13.224 created 2016]
 
 


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