The Enzyme Database

Displaying entries 51-58 of 58.

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EC 5.4.99.64     
Accepted name: 2-hydroxyisobutanoyl-CoA mutase
Reaction: 2-hydroxy-2-methylpropanoyl-CoA = (S)-3-hydroxybutanoyl-CoA
Glossary: 2-hydroxy-2-methylpropanoyl-CoA = 2-hydroxyisobutanoyl-CoA
Other name(s): hcmAB (gene names)
Systematic name: 2-hydroxy-2-methylpropanoyl-CoA mutase
Comments: The enzyme, characterized from the bacterium Aquincola tertiaricarbonis, uses radical chemistry to rearrange the positions of both a methyl group and a hydroxyl group. It consists of two subunits, the smaller one containing a cobalamin cofactor. It plays a central role in the degradation of assorted substrates containing a tert-butyl moiety.
Links to other databases: BRENDA, EXPASY, KEGG, MetaCyc, PDB
References:
1.  Yaneva, N., Schuster, J., Schafer, F., Lede, V., Przybylski, D., Paproth, T., Harms, H., Muller, R.H. and Rohwerder, T. Bacterial acyl-CoA mutase specifically catalyzes coenzyme B12-dependent isomerization of 2-hydroxyisobutyryl-CoA and (S)-3-hydroxybutyryl-CoA. J. Biol. Chem. 287 (2012) 15502–15511. [DOI] [PMID: 22433853]
2.  Kurteva-Yaneva, N., Zahn, M., Weichler, M.T., Starke, R., Harms, H., Muller, R.H., Strater, N. and Rohwerder, T. Structural basis of the stereospecificity of bacterial B12-dependent 2-hydroxyisobutyryl-CoA mutase. J. Biol. Chem. 290 (2015) 9727–9737. [DOI] [PMID: 25720495]
[EC 5.4.99.64 created 2016 as EC 5.3.3.20, transferred 2017 to EC 5.4.99.64]
 
 
EC 6.2.1.17     
Accepted name: propionate—CoA ligase
Reaction: ATP + propanoate + CoA = AMP + diphosphate + propanoyl-CoA
Other name(s): propionyl-CoA synthetase
Systematic name: propanoate:CoA ligase (AMP-forming)
Comments: Propenoate can act instead of propanoate. Not identical with EC 6.2.1.1 (acetate—CoA ligase) or EC 6.2.1.2 (butyrate—CoA ligase).
Links to other databases: BRENDA, EXPASY, KEGG, MetaCyc, PDB, CAS registry number: 55326-49-3
References:
1.  Ricks, C.A. and Cook, R.M. Regulation of volatile fatty acid uptake by mitochondrial acyl CoA synthetases of bovine liver. J. Dairy Sci. 64 (1981) 2324–2335. [DOI] [PMID: 7341659]
[EC 6.2.1.17 created 1984]
 
 
EC 6.2.1.36     
Accepted name: 3-hydroxypropionyl-CoA synthase
Reaction: 3-hydroxypropanoate + ATP + CoA = 3-hydroxypropanoyl-CoA + AMP + diphosphate
For diagram of the 3-hydroxypropanoate cycle, click here and for diagram of the 3-hydroxypropanoate/4-hydroxybutanoate cycle and dicarboxylate/4-hydroxybutanoate cycle in archaea, click here
Glossary: 3-hydroxypropionyl-CoA = 3-hydroxypropanoyl-CoA
Other name(s): 3-hydroxypropionyl-CoA synthetase (AMP-forming); 3-hydroxypropionate—CoA ligase
Systematic name: hydroxypropanoate:CoA ligase (AMP-forming)
Comments: Catalyses a step in the 3-hydroxypropanoate/4-hydroxybutanoate cycle, an autotrophic CO2 fixation pathway found in some thermoacidophilic archaea [1,2].The enzymes from Metallosphaera sedula and Sulfolobus tokodaii can also use propionate, acrylate, acetate, and butanoate as substrates [2], and are thus different from EC 6.2.1.17 (propionate—CoA ligase), which does not accept acetate or butanoate.
Links to other databases: BRENDA, EXPASY, KEGG, MetaCyc
References:
1.  Berg, I.A., Kockelkorn, D., Buckel, W. and Fuchs, G. A 3-hydroxypropionate/4-hydroxybutyrate autotrophic carbon dioxide assimilation pathway in Archaea. Science 318 (2007) 1782–1786. [DOI] [PMID: 18079405]
2.  Alber, B.E., Kung, J.W. and Fuchs, G. 3-Hydroxypropionyl-coenzyme A synthetase from Metallosphaera sedula, an enzyme involved in autotrophic CO2 fixation. J. Bacteriol. 190 (2008) 1383–1389. [DOI] [PMID: 18165310]
[EC 6.2.1.36 created 2009]
 
 
EC 6.2.1.41     
Accepted name: 3-[(3aS,4S,7aS)-7a-methyl-1,5-dioxo-octahydro-1H-inden-4-yl]propanoate—CoA ligase
Reaction: ATP + 3-[(3aS,4S,7aS)-7a-methyl-1,5-dioxo-octahydro-1H-inden-4-yl]propanoate + CoA = AMP + diphosphate + 3-[(3aS,4S,7aS)-7a-methyl-1,5-dioxo-octahydro-1H-inden-4-yl]propanoyl-CoA
For diagram of cholesterol catabolism, click here
Glossary: 3-[(3aS,4S,7aS)-7a-methyl-1,5-dioxo-octahydro-1H-inden-4-yl]propanoate = HIP
Other name(s): fadD3 (gene name); HIP—CoA ligase
Systematic name: 3-[(3aS,4S,7aS)-7a-methyl-1,5-dioxo-octahydro-1H-inden-4-yl]propanoate:CoA ligase (AMP-forming)
Comments: The enzyme, characterized from actinobacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis, catalyses a step in the degradation of cholesterol and cholate. The enzyme is very specific for its substrate, and requires that the side chain at C17 is completely removed.
Links to other databases: BRENDA, EAWAG-BBD, EXPASY, KEGG, MetaCyc
References:
1.  Horinouchi, M., Hayashi, T., Koshino, H. and Kudo, T. ORF18-disrupted mutant of Comamonas testosteroni TA441 accumulates significant amounts of 9,17-dioxo-1,2,3,4,10,19-hexanorandrostan-5-oic acid and its derivatives after incubation with steroids. J. Steroid Biochem. Mol. Biol. 101 (2006) 78–84. [DOI] [PMID: 16891113]
2.  Casabon, I., Crowe, A.M., Liu, J. and Eltis, L.D. FadD3 is an acyl-CoA synthetase that initiates catabolism of cholesterol rings C and D in actinobacteria. Mol. Microbiol. 87 (2013) 269–283. [DOI] [PMID: 23146019]
[EC 6.2.1.41 created 2014]
 
 
EC 6.2.1.44     
Accepted name: 3-(methylthio)propionyl—CoA ligase
Reaction: ATP + 3-(methylsulfanyl)propanoate + CoA = AMP + diphosphate + 3-(methylsulfanyl)propanoyl-CoA
For diagram of 3-(dimethylsulfonio)propanoate metabolism, click here
Other name(s): DmdB; MMPA-CoA ligase; methylmercaptopropionate-coenzyme A ligase; 3-methylmercaptopropionyl-CoA ligase; 3-(methylthio)propanoate:CoA ligase (AMP-forming)
Systematic name: 3-(methylsulfanyl)propanoate:CoA ligase (AMP-forming)
Comments: The enzyme is part of a dimethylsulfoniopropanoate demethylation pathway in the marine bacteria Ruegeria pomeroyi and Pelagibacter ubique. It also occurs in some nonmarine bacteria capable of metabolizing dimethylsulfoniopropionate (e.g. Burkholderia thailandensis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Silicibacter lacuscaerulensis). It requires Mg2+ [2].
Links to other databases: BRENDA, EXPASY, KEGG, MetaCyc
References:
1.  Reisch, C.R., Stoudemayer, M.J., Varaljay, V.A., Amster, I.J., Moran, M.A. and Whitman, W.B. Novel pathway for assimilation of dimethylsulphoniopropionate widespread in marine bacteria. Nature 473 (2011) 208–211. [DOI] [PMID: 21562561]
2.  Bullock, H.A., Reisch, C.R., Burns, A.S., Moran, M.A. and Whitman, W.B. Regulatory and functional diversity of methylmercaptopropionate coenzyme A ligases from the dimethylsulfoniopropionate demethylation pathway in Ruegeria pomeroyi DSS-3 and other proteobacteria. J. Bacteriol. 196 (2014) 1275–1285. [DOI] [PMID: 24443527]
[EC 6.2.1.44 created 2014]
 
 
EC 6.3.4.10     
Accepted name: biotin—[propionyl-CoA-carboxylase (ATP-hydrolysing)] ligase
Reaction: ATP + biotin + apo-[propionyl-CoA:carbon-dioxide ligase (ADP-forming)] = AMP + diphosphate + [propionyl-CoA:carbon-dioxide ligase (ADP-forming)]
Other name(s): biotin-[propionyl-CoA-carboxylase (ATP-hydrolysing)] synthetase; biotin-propionyl coenzyme A carboxylase synthetase; propionyl coenzyme A holocarboxylase synthetase
Systematic name: biotin:apo-[propanoyl-CoA:carbon-dioxide ligase (ADP-forming)] ligase (AMP-forming)
Links to other databases: BRENDA, EXPASY, KEGG, MetaCyc, CAS registry number: 37318-67-5
References:
1.  Siegel, L., Foote, J.L. and Coon, M.J. The enzymatic synthesis of propionyl coenzyme A holocarboxylase from d-biotinyl 5′-adenylate and the apocarboxylase. J. Biol. Chem. 240 (1965) 1025–1031. [PMID: 14284697]
[EC 6.3.4.10 created 1972]
 
 
EC 6.4.1.3     
Accepted name: propionyl-CoA carboxylase
Reaction: ATP + propanoyl-CoA + HCO3- = ADP + phosphate + (S)-methylmalonyl-CoA
For diagram of the 3-hydroxypropanoate cycle, click here
Other name(s): propionyl coenzyme A carboxylase
Systematic name: propanoyl-CoA:carbon-dioxide ligase (ADP-forming)
Comments: A biotinyl-protein. Also carboxylates butanoyl-CoA and catalyses transcarboxylation.
Links to other databases: BRENDA, EXPASY, GTD, KEGG, MetaCyc, PDB, CAS registry number: 9023-94-3
References:
1.  Kaziro, Y., Ochoa, S., Warner, R.C. and Chen, J.-Y. Metabolism of propionic acid in animal tissues. VIII. Crystalline propionyl carboxylase. J. Biol. Chem. 236 (1961) 1917–1923. [PMID: 13752080]
2.  Lane, M.D., Halenz, D.R., Kosow, D.P. and Hegre, C.S. Further studies on mitochondrial propionyl carboxylase. J. Biol. Chem. 235 (1960) 3082–3086. [PMID: 13758723]
3.  Meyer, H., Nevaldine, B. and Meyer, F. Acyl-coenzyme A carboxylase of the free-living nematode Turbatrix aceti. 1. Its isolation and molecular characteristics. Biochemistry 17 (1978) 1822–1827. [PMID: 656363]
4.  Moss, J. and Lane, M.D. The biotin-dependent enzymes. Adv. Enzymol. Relat. Areas Mol. Biol. 35 (1971) 321–442. [PMID: 4150153]
5.  Vagelos, P. Regulation of fatty acid biosynthesis. Curr. Top. Cell. Regul. 4 (1971) 119–166.
[EC 6.4.1.3 created 1961, modified 1983]
 
 
EC 7.2.4.3     
Accepted name: (S)-methylmalonyl-CoA decarboxylase (sodium-transporting)
Reaction: (S)-methylmalonyl-CoA + Na+[side 1] + H+[side 2] = propanoyl-CoA + CO2 + Na+[side 2]
Other name(s): methylmalonyl-coenzyme A decarboxylase (ambiguous); (S)-2-methyl-3-oxopropanoyl-CoA carboxy-lyase (incorrect); (S)-methylmalonyl-CoA carboxy-lyase (ambiguous)
Systematic name: (S)-methylmalonyl-CoA carboxy-lyase (propanoyl-CoA-forming, sodium-transporting)
Comments: This bacterial enzyme couples the decarboxylation of (S)-methylmalonyl-CoA to propanoyl-CoA to the vectorial transport of Na+ across the cytoplasmic membrane, thereby creating a sodium ion motive force that is used for ATP synthesis. It is a membrane-associated biotin protein and is strictly dependent on sodium ions for activity.
Links to other databases: BRENDA, EXPASY, KEGG, MetaCyc, PDB, CAS registry number: 37289-44-4
References:
1.  Galivan, J.H. and Allen, S.H.G. Methylmalonyl coenzyme A decarboxylase. Its role in succinate decarboxylation by Micrococcus lactilyticus. J. Biol. Chem. 243 (1968) 1253–1261. [PMID: 5646172]
2.  Hilpert, W. and Dimroth, P. Conversion of the chemical energy of methylmalonyl-CoA decarboxylation into a Na+ gradient. Nature 296 (1982) 584–585. [PMID: 7070502]
3.  Hoffmann, A., Hilpert, W. and Dimroth, P. The carboxyltransferase activity of the sodium-ion-translocating methylmalonyl-CoA decarboxylase of Veillonella alcalescens. Eur. J. Biochem. 179 (1989) 645–650. [DOI] [PMID: 2920730]
4.  Huder, J.B. and Dimroth, P. Expression of the sodium ion pump methylmalonyl-coenzyme A-decarboxylase from Veillonella parvula and of mutated enzyme specimens in Escherichia coli. J. Bacteriol. 177 (1995) 3623–3630. [PMID: 7601825]
5.  Bott, M., Pfister, K., Burda, P., Kalbermatter, O., Woehlke, G. and Dimroth, P. Methylmalonyl-CoA decarboxylase from Propionigenium modestum--cloning and sequencing of the structural genes and purification of the enzyme complex. Eur. J. Biochem. 250 (1997) 590–599. [PMID: 9428714]
[EC 7.2.4.3 created 1972 as EC 4.1.1.41, modified 1983, modified 1986, transferred 2018 to EC 7.2.4.3]
 
 


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