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1.3.8.15

Accepted name:

3-(aryl)acrylate reductase

Reaction:

(1) phloretate + electron-transfer flavoprotein = 4-coumarate + reduced electron-transfer flavoprotein
(2) 3-phenylpropanoate + electron-transfer flavoprotein = trans-cinnamate + reduced electron-transfer flavoprotein
(3) 3-(1H-indol-3-yl)propanoate + electron-transfer flavoprotein = 3-(indol-3-yl)acrylate + reduced electron-transfer flavoprotein

Glossary:

phloretate = 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoate
crotonate = (2E)-but-2-enoate

Other name(s):

acdA (gene name)

Systematic name:

3-(phenyl)propanoate:electron-transfer flavoprotein 2,3-oxidoreductase

Comments:

The enzyme, found in some amino acid-fermenting anaerobic bacteria, participates in the fermentation pathways of L-phenylalanine, L-tyrosine, and L-tryptophan. Unlike EC 1.3.1.31, 2-enoate reductase, this enzyme has minimal activity with crotonate.

Links to other databases:

BRENDA, EXPASY, KEGG, MetaCyc

References:

Dodd, D., Spitzer, M.H., Van Treuren, W., Merrill, B.D., Hryckowian, A.J., Higginbottom, S.K., Le, A., Cowan, T.M., Nolan, G.P., Fischbach, M.A. and Sonnenburg, J.L. A gut bacterial pathway metabolizes aromatic amino acids into nine circulating metabolites. Nature 551 (2017) 648–652. [PMID: 29168502]

[EC 1.3.8.15 created 2019]

3.7.1.4

Accepted name:

phloretin hydrolase

Reaction:

phloretin + H₂O = phloretate + phloroglucinol

For diagram of phloretin biosynthesis, click here

Glossary:

phloretin = 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1-(2,4,6-trihydroxyphenyl)propan-1-one
phloretate = 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoate
phloroglucinol = benzene-1,3,5-triol

Other name(s):

ErPhy; lactase-phlorerin hydrolase; C-acylphenol hydrolase; 2′,4,4′,6′-tetrahydroxydehydrochalcone 1,3,5-trihydroxybenzenehydrolase (incorrect)

Systematic name:

phloretin acylhydrolase (phloroglucinol-forming)

Comments:

Also hydrolyses other C-acylated phenols related to phloretin. Isolated from the fungus Aspergillus niger and the bacteria Pantoea agglomerans and Eubacterium ramulus.

Links to other databases:

BRENDA, EXPASY, KEGG, MetaCyc, PDB, CAS registry number: 37289-38-6

References:

1.	Chatterjee, A.K. and Gibbins, L.N. Metabolism of phloridzin by Erwinia herbicola: nature of the degradation products, and the purification and properties of phloretin hydrolase. J. Bacteriol. 100 (1969) 594–600. [PMID: 5354935]
2.	Minamikawa, T., Jayasankar, N.P., Bohm, B.A., Taylor, I.E. and Towers, G.H. An inducible hydrolase from Aspergillus niger, acting on carbon-carbon bonds, for phlorrhizin and other C-acylated phenols. Biochem. J. 116 (1970) 889–897. [PMID: 5441377]
3.	Schoefer, L., Braune, A. and Blaut, M. Cloning and expression of a phloretin hydrolase gene from Eubacterium ramulus and characterization of the recombinant enzyme. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 70 (2004) 6131–6137. [DOI] [PMID: 15466559]

[EC 3.7.1.4 created 1972, modified 2018]