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Displaying entries 1-50 of 54.
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EC | 1.1.1.305 | ||||||||||||||
Accepted name: | UDP-glucuronic acid dehydrogenase (UDP-4-keto-hexauronic acid decarboxylating) | ||||||||||||||
Reaction: | UDP-α-D-glucuronate + NAD+ = UDP-β-L-threo-pentapyranos-4-ulose + CO2 + NADH + H+ | ||||||||||||||
For diagram of UDP-4-amino-4-deoxy-β-L-arabinose biosynthesis, click here | |||||||||||||||
Other name(s): | UDP-GlcUA decarboxylase; ArnADH; UDP-glucuronate:NAD+ oxidoreductase (decarboxylating) | ||||||||||||||
Systematic name: | UDP-α-D-glucuronate:NAD+ oxidoreductase (decarboxylating) | ||||||||||||||
Comments: | The activity is part of a bifunctional enzyme also performing the reaction of EC 2.1.2.13 (UDP-4-amino-4-deoxy-L-arabinose formyltransferase). | ||||||||||||||
Links to other databases: | BRENDA, EXPASY, KEGG, MetaCyc, PDB | ||||||||||||||
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EC | 1.14.13.205 | ||||||||||||||
Transferred entry: | long-chain fatty acid ω-monooxygenase. Now EC 1.14.14.80, long-chain fatty acid ω-monooxygenase | ||||||||||||||
EC | 1.14.14.80 | ||||||||||||||
Accepted name: | long-chain fatty acid ω-monooxygenase | ||||||||||||||
Reaction: | a long-chain fatty acid + [reduced NADPH—hemoprotein reductase] + O2 = an ω-hydroxy-long-chain fatty acid + [oxidized NADPH—hemoprotein reductase] + H2O | ||||||||||||||
Other name(s): | CYP704B1 (gene name); CYP52M1 (gene name); CYP4A (gene name); CYP86A (gene name) | ||||||||||||||
Systematic name: | long-chain fatty acid,[reduced NADPH—hemoprotein reductase]:oxygen oxidoreductase (ω-hydroxylating) | ||||||||||||||
Comments: | A cytochrome P-450 (heme thiolate) enzyme. The plant enzyme CYP704B1, which is involved in the synthesis of sporopollenin, a complex polymer found at the outer layer of spores and pollen, acts on palmitate (18:0), stearate (18:0) and oleate (18:1). The plant enzyme CYP86A1 also acts on laurate (12:0). The enzyme from the yeast Starmerella bombicola (CYP52M1) acts on C16 to C20 saturated and unsaturated fatty acids and can also hydroxylate the (ω-1) position. The mammalian enzyme CYP4A acts on laurate (12:0), myristate (14:0), palmitate (16:0), oleate (18:1), and arachidonate (20:4). | ||||||||||||||
Links to other databases: | BRENDA, EXPASY, KEGG, MetaCyc | ||||||||||||||
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EC | 1.14.19.4 | ||||||||||||||
Accepted name: | acyl-lipid (11-3)-desaturase | ||||||||||||||
Reaction: | (1) an (11Z,14Z)-icosa-11,14-dienoyl-[glycerolipid] + 2 ferrocytochrome b5 + O2 + 2 H+ = an (8Z,11Z,14Z)-icosa-8,11,14-trienoyl-[glycerolipid] + 2 ferricytochrome b5 + 2 H2O (2) an (11Z,14Z,17Z)-icosa-11,14,17-trienoyl-[glycerolipid] + 2 ferrocytochrome b5 + O2 + 2 H+ = an (8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-icosa-8,11,14,17-tetraenoyl-[glycerolipid] + 2 ferricytochrome b5 + 2 H2O |
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Glossary: | di-homo-γ-linolenate = (8Z,11Z,14Z)-icosa-8,11,14-trienoate | ||||||||||||||
Other name(s): | acyl-lipid 8-desaturase; Δ8 fatty acid desaturase; Δ8-desaturase; Δ8-fatty-acid desaturase; efd1 (gene name); D8Des (gene name); phytosphinganine,hydrogen donor:oxygen Δ8-oxidoreductase (incorrect); SLD | ||||||||||||||
Systematic name: | acyl-lipid,ferrocytochrome b5:oxygen oxidoreductase [(11-3),(11-2)-cis-dehydrogenating] | ||||||||||||||
Comments: | The enzyme, characterized from the protist Euglena gracilis [1] and the microalga Rebecca salina [2], introduces a cis double bond at the 8-position in 20-carbon fatty acids that are incorporated into a glycerolipid and have an existing Δ11 desaturation. The enzyme is a front-end desaturase, introducing the new double bond between the pre-existing double bond and the carboxyl-end of the fatty acid. It contains a cytochrome b5 domain that acts as the direct electron donor to the active site of the desaturase, and does not require an external cytochrome. Involved in alternative pathways for the biosynthesis of the polyunsaturated fatty acids arachidonate and icosapentaenoate. | ||||||||||||||
Links to other databases: | BRENDA, EXPASY, KEGG, MetaCyc | ||||||||||||||
References: |
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EC | 2.1.2.13 | ||||||||||||||
Accepted name: | UDP-4-amino-4-deoxy-L-arabinose formyltransferase | ||||||||||||||
Reaction: | 10-formyltetrahydrofolate + UDP-4-amino-4-deoxy-β-L-arabinopyranose = 5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate + UDP-4-deoxy-4-formamido-β-L-arabinopyranose | ||||||||||||||
For diagram of UDP-4-amino-4-deoxy-β-L-arabinose biosynthesis, click here | |||||||||||||||
Other name(s): | UDP-L-Ara4N formyltransferase; ArnAFT | ||||||||||||||
Systematic name: | 10-formyltetrahydrofolate:UDP-4-amino-4-deoxy-β-L-arabinose N-formyltransferase | ||||||||||||||
Comments: | The activity is part of a bifunctional enzyme also performing the reaction of EC 1.1.1.305 [UDP-glucuronic acid dehydrogenase (UDP-4-keto-hexauronic acid decarboxylating)]. | ||||||||||||||
Links to other databases: | BRENDA, EXPASY, KEGG, MetaCyc, PDB | ||||||||||||||
References: |
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EC | 2.3.1.62 | ||||||||||||||
Accepted name: | 2-acylglycerophosphocholine O-acyltransferase | ||||||||||||||
Reaction: | acyl-CoA + 2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine = CoA + phosphatidylcholine | ||||||||||||||
Other name(s): | 2-acylglycerol-3-phosphorylcholine acyltransferase; 2-acylglycerophosphocholine acyltransferase | ||||||||||||||
Systematic name: | acyl-CoA:2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine O-acyltransferase | ||||||||||||||
Links to other databases: | BRENDA, EXPASY, KEGG, MetaCyc, CAS registry number: 64295-73-4 | ||||||||||||||
References: |
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EC | 2.3.1.129 | ||||||||||||||
Accepted name: | acyl-[acyl-carrier-protein]—UDP-N-acetylglucosamine O-acyltransferase | ||||||||||||||
Reaction: | a (3R)-3-hydroxyacyl-[acyl-carrier protein] + UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-glucosamine = an [acyl-carrier protein] + a UDP-3-O-[(3R)-3-hydroxyacyl]-N-acetyl-α-D-glucosamine | ||||||||||||||
For diagram of lipid IVA biosynthesis, click here | |||||||||||||||
Other name(s): | lpxA (gene name); UDP-N-acetylglucosamine acyltransferase; uridine diphosphoacetylglucosamine acyltransferase; acyl-[acyl-carrier-protein]-UDP-N-acetylglucosamine O-acyltransferase; (R)-3-hydroxytetradecanoyl-[acyl-carrier-protein]:UDP-N-acetylglucosamine 3-O-(3-hydroxytetradecanoyl)transferase | ||||||||||||||
Systematic name: | (3R)-3-hydroxyacyl-[acyl-carrier protein]:UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-glucosamine 3-O-(3-hydroxyacyl)transferase | ||||||||||||||
Comments: | Involved with EC 2.4.1.182, lipid-A-disaccharide synthase, and EC 2.7.1.130, tetraacyldisaccharide 4′-kinase, in the biosynthesis of the phosphorylated glycolipid, Lipid A, in the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria. | ||||||||||||||
Links to other databases: | BRENDA, EXPASY, KEGG, MetaCyc, PDB, CAS registry number: 105843-69-4 | ||||||||||||||
References: |
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EC | 2.3.1.134 | ||||||||||||||
Accepted name: | galactolipid O-acyltransferase | ||||||||||||||
Reaction: | 2 mono-β-D-galactosyldiacylglycerol = acylmono-β-D-galactosyldiacylglycerol + mono-β-D-galactosylacylglycerol | ||||||||||||||
Other name(s): | galactolipid:galactolipid acyltransferase | ||||||||||||||
Systematic name: | mono-β-D-galactosyldiacylglycerol:mono-β-D-galactosyldiacylglycerol acyltransferase | ||||||||||||||
Comments: | Di-D-galactosyldiacylglycerol can also act as acceptor. | ||||||||||||||
Links to other databases: | BRENDA, EXPASY, KEGG, MetaCyc, CAS registry number: 103537-09-3 | ||||||||||||||
References: |
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EC | 2.3.1.147 | ||||||||||||||
Accepted name: | glycerophospholipid arachidonoyl-transferase (CoA-independent) | ||||||||||||||
Reaction: | 1-organyl-2-arachidonoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + 1-organyl-2-lyso-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine = 1-organyl-2-arachidonoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine + 1-organyl-2-lyso-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine | ||||||||||||||
Systematic name: | 1-organyl-2-arachidonoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine:1-organyl-2-lyso-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine arachidonoyltransferase (CoA-independent) | ||||||||||||||
Comments: | Catalyses the transfer of arachidonate and other polyenoic fatty acids from intact choline or ethanolamine-containing glycerophospholipids to the sn-2 position of a lyso-glycerophospholipid. The organyl group on sn-1 of the donor or acceptor molecule can be alkyl, acyl or alk-1-enyl. The term 'radyl' has sometimes been used to refer to such substituting groups. Differs from EC 2.3.1.148 glycerophospholipid acyltransferase (CoA-dependent) in not requiring CoA and in its specificity for poly-unsaturated acyl groups. | ||||||||||||||
Links to other databases: | BRENDA, EXPASY, KEGG, MetaCyc, CAS registry number: 102347-79-5 | ||||||||||||||
References: |
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EC | 2.3.1.148 | ||||||||||||||
Accepted name: | glycerophospholipid acyltransferase (CoA-dependent) | ||||||||||||||
Reaction: | 1-organyl-2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + 1-organyl-2-lyso-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine = 1-organyl-2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine + 1-organyl-2-lyso-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine | ||||||||||||||
Systematic name: | 1-organyl-2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine:1-organyl-2-lyso-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine acyltransferase (CoA-dependent) | ||||||||||||||
Comments: | Catalyses the transfer of fatty acids from intact choline- or ethanolamine-containing glycerophospholipids to the sn-2 position of a lyso-glycerophospholipid. The organyl group on sn-1 of the donor or acceptor molecule can be alkyl, acyl or alk-1-enyl. The term 'radyl' has sometimes been used to refer to such substituting groups. Differs from EC 2.3.1.147 glycerophospholipid arachidonoyl-transferase (CoA-independent) in requiring CoA and not favouring the transfer of polyunsaturated acyl groups. | ||||||||||||||
Links to other databases: | BRENDA, EXPASY, KEGG, MetaCyc, CAS registry number: 9054-54-0 | ||||||||||||||
References: |
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EC | 2.3.1.149 | ||||||||||||||
Accepted name: | platelet-activating factor acetyltransferase | ||||||||||||||
Reaction: | 1-alkyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + 1-organyl-2-lyso-sn-glycero-3-phospholipid = 1-alkyl-2-lyso-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + 1-organyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycero-3-phospholipid | ||||||||||||||
Other name(s): | PAF acetyltransferase | ||||||||||||||
Systematic name: | 1-alkyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine:1-organyl-2-lyso-sn-glycero-3-phospholipid acetyltransferase | ||||||||||||||
Comments: | Catalyses the transfer of the acetyl group from 1-alkyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (platelet-activating factor) to the sn-2 position of lyso-glycerophospholipids containing ethanolamine, choline, serine, inositol or phosphate groups at the sn-3 position as well as to sphingosine and long-chain fatty alcohols. The organyl group can be alkyl, acyl or alk-1-enyl (sometimes also collectively referred to as ’radyl’). | ||||||||||||||
Links to other databases: | BRENDA, EXPASY, KEGG, MetaCyc, CAS registry number: 9012-30-0 | ||||||||||||||
References: |
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EC | 2.3.1.191 | ||||||||||||||
Accepted name: | UDP-3-O-(3-hydroxyacyl)glucosamine N-acyltransferase | ||||||||||||||
Reaction: | a (3R)-3-hydroxyacyl-[acyl-carrier protein] + a UDP-3-O-[(3R)-3-hydroxyacyl]-α-D-glucosamine = a UDP-2-N,3-O-bis[(3R)-3-hydroxyacyl]-α-D-glucosamine + a holo-[acyl-carrier protein] | ||||||||||||||
For diagram of lipid IVA biosynthesis, click here | |||||||||||||||
Other name(s): | lpxD (gene name); UDP-3-O-acyl-glucosamine N-acyltransferase; UDP-3-O-(R-3-hydroxymyristoyl)-glucosamine N-acyltransferase; acyltransferase LpxD; acyl-ACP:UDP-3-O-(3-hydroxyacyl)-GlcN N-acyltransferase; firA (gene name); (3R)-3-hydroxymyristoyl-[acyl-carrier protein]:UDP-3-O-[(3R)-3-hydroxymyristoyl]-α-D-glucosamine N-acetyltransferase; UDP-3-O-(3-hydroxymyristoyl)glucosamine N-acyltransferase; (3R)-3-hydroxytetradecanoyl-[acyl-carrier protein]:UDP-3-O-[(3R)-3-hydroxytetradecanoyl]-α-D-glucosamine N-acetyltransferase | ||||||||||||||
Systematic name: | (3R)-3-hydroxyacyl-[acyl-carrier protein]:UDP-3-O-[(3R)-3-hydroxyacyl]-α-D-glucosamine N-acyltransferase | ||||||||||||||
Comments: | The enzyme catalyses a step of lipid A biosynthesis. LpxD from Escherichia coli prefers (3R)-3-hydroxytetradecanoyl-[acyl-carrier protein] [3], but it does not have an absolute specificity for 14-carbon hydroxy fatty acids, as it can transfer other fatty acids, including odd-chain fatty acids, if they are available to the organism [5]. | ||||||||||||||
Links to other databases: | BRENDA, EXPASY, KEGG, MetaCyc, PDB | ||||||||||||||
References: |
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EC | 2.3.1.241 | ||||||||||||||
Accepted name: | Kdo2-lipid IVA acyltransferase | ||||||||||||||
Reaction: | a fatty acyl-[acyl-carrier protein] + an α-Kdo-(2→4)-α-Kdo-(2→6)-[lipid IVA] = an α-Kdo-(2→4)-α-Kdo-(2→6)-(acyl)-[lipid IVA] + an [acyl-carrier protein] | ||||||||||||||
For diagram of Kdo-Kdo-Lipid IVA metabolism, click here | |||||||||||||||
Glossary: | Kdo = 3-deoxy-D-manno-oct-2-ulopyranosylonic acid a lipid IVA = 2-deoxy-2-{[(3R)-3-hydroxyacyl]amino}-3-O-[(3R)-3-hydroxyacyl]-4-O-phospho-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→6)-2-deoxy-3-O-[(3R)-3-hydroxyacyl]-2-{[(3R)-3-hydroxyacyl]amino}-1-O-phospho-α-D-glucopyranose an α-Kdo-(2→4)-α-Kdo-(2→6)-(acyl)-[lipid IVA] = 3-deoxy-α-D-manno-oct-2-ulopyranosyl-(2→4)-3-deoxy-α-D-manno-oct-2-ulopyranosyl-(2→6)-2-deoxy-2-{[(3R)-3-(acyloxy)acyl]amino}-3-O-[(3R)-3-hydroxyacyl]-4-O-phospho-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→6)-2-deoxy-3-O-[(3R)-3-hydroxyacyl]-2-{[(3R)-3-hydroxyacyl]amino}-1-O-phosphono-α-D-glucopyranose |
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Other name(s): | LpxL; htrB (gene name); dodecanoyl-[acyl-carrier protein]:α-Kdo-(2→4)-α-Kdo-(2→6)-lipid IVA O-dodecanoyltransferase; lauroyl-[acyl-carrier protein]:Kdo2-lipid IVA O-lauroyltransferase; (Kdo)2-lipid IVA lauroyltransferase; α-Kdo-(2→4)-α-(2→6)-lipid IVA lauroyltransferase; dodecanoyl-[acyl-carrier protein]:Kdo2-lipid IVA O-dodecanoyltransferase; Kdo2-lipid IVA lauroyltransferase | ||||||||||||||
Systematic name: | fatty acyl-[acyl-carrier protein]:α-Kdo-(2→4)-α-Kdo-(2→6)-[lipid IVA] O-acyltransferase | ||||||||||||||
Comments: | The enzyme is involved in the biosynthesis of the phosphorylated outer membrane glycolipid lipid A. It transfers an acyl group to the 3-O position of the 3R-hydroxyacyl already attached to the nitrogen of the non-reducing glucosamine molecule. The enzyme from the bacterium Escherichia coli is specific for lauryl (C12) acyl groups, giving the enzyme its previous accepted name. However, enzymes from different species accept highly variable substrates. | ||||||||||||||
Links to other databases: | BRENDA, EXPASY, KEGG, MetaCyc | ||||||||||||||
References: |
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EC | 2.3.1.242 | ||||||||||||||
Accepted name: | Kdo2-lipid IVA palmitoleoyltransferase | ||||||||||||||
Reaction: | a (9Z)-hexadec-9-enoyl-[acyl-carrier protein] + Kdo2-lipid IVA = (9Z)-hexadec-9-enoyl-Kdo2-lipid IVA + an [acyl-carrier protein] | ||||||||||||||
For diagram of Kdo-Kdo-Lipid IVA metabolism, click here | |||||||||||||||
Glossary: | Kdo = 3-deoxy-D-manno-oct-2-ulopyranosylonic acid lipid IVA = 2-deoxy-2-[(3R)-3-hydroxytetradecanamido]-3-O-[(3R)-3-hydroxytetradecanoyl]-4-O-phospho-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→6)-2-deoxy-3-O-[(3R)-3-hydroxytetradecanoyl]-2-[(3R)-3-hydroxytetradecanamido]-α-D-glucopyranosyl phosphate Kdo2-lipid IVA = α-Kdo-(2→4)-α-Kdo-(2→6)-lipid IVA (9Z)-hexadec-9-enoyl = palmitoleoyl (9Z)-hexadec-9-enoyl-Kdo2-lipid IVA = α-Kdo-(2→4)-α-Kdo-(2→6)-2-deoxy-2-{(3R)-3-[(9Z)-hexadec-9-enoyl]tetradecanamido}-3-O-[(3R)-3-hydroxytetradecanoyl]-4-O-phospho-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→6)-2-deoxy-3-O-[(3R)-3-hydroxytetradecanoyl]-2-[(3R)-3-hydroxytetradecanamido]-α-D-glucopyranosyl phosphate |
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Other name(s): | LpxP; palmitoleoyl-acyl carrier protein-dependent acyltransferase; cold-induced palmitoleoyl transferase; palmitoleoyl-[acyl-carrier protein]:Kdo2-lipid IVA O-palmitoleoyltransferase; (Kdo)2-lipid IVA palmitoleoyltransferase; α-Kdo-(2→4)-α-(2→6)-lipid IVA palmitoleoyltransferase | ||||||||||||||
Systematic name: | (9Z)-hexadec-9-enoyl-[acyl-carrier protein]:Kdo2-lipid IVA O-palmitoleoyltransferase | ||||||||||||||
Comments: | The enzyme, characterized from the bacterium Escherichia coli, is induced upon cold shock and is involved in the formation of a cold-adapted variant of the outer membrane glycolipid lipid A. | ||||||||||||||
Links to other databases: | BRENDA, EXPASY, KEGG, MetaCyc | ||||||||||||||
References: |
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EC | 2.3.1.243 | ||||||||||||||
Accepted name: | acyl-Kdo2-lipid IVA acyltransferase | ||||||||||||||
Reaction: | a fatty acyl-[acyl-carrier protein] + an α-Kdo-(2→4)-α-Kdo-(2→6)-(acyl)-[lipid IVA] = an α-Kdo-(2→4)-α-Kdo-(2→6)-(acyl)2-[lipid IVA] + an [acyl-carrier protein] | ||||||||||||||
For diagram of Kdo-Kdo-Lipid IVA metabolism, click here | |||||||||||||||
Glossary: | Kdo = 3-deoxy-D-manno-oct-2-ulopyranosylonic acid a lipid IVA = 2-deoxy-2-{[(3R)-3-hydroxyacyl]amino}-3-O-[(3R)-3-hydroxyacyl]-4-O-phospho-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→6)-2-deoxy-3-O-[(3R)-3-hydroxyacyl]-2-{[(3R)-3-hydroxyacyl]amino}-1-O-phospho-α-D-glucopyranose an α-Kdo-(2→4)-α-Kdo-(2→6)-(acyl)-[lipid IVA] = 3-deoxy-α-D-manno-oct-2-ulopyranosyl-(2→4)-3-deoxy-α-D-manno-oct-2-ulopyranosyl-(2→6)-2-deoxy-2-{[(3R)-3-(acyloxy)acyl]amino}-3-O-[(3R)-3-hydroxyacyl]-4-O-phospho-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→6)-2-deoxy-3-O-[(3R)-3-hydroxyacyl]-2-{[(3R)-3-hydroxyacyl]amino}-1-O-phosphono-α-D-glucopyranose an α-Kdo-(2→4)-α-Kdo-(2→6)-(acyl)2-[lipid IVA] = 3-deoxy-α-D-manno-oct-2-ulopyranosyl-(2→4)-3-deoxy-α-D-manno-oct-2-ulopyranosyl-(2→6)-2-deoxy-2-{[(3R)-3-(acyloxy)acyl]amino}-3-O-[(3R)-3-(acyloxy)acyl]-4-O-phospho-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→6)-2-deoxy-3-O-[(3R)-3-hydroxyacyl]-2-{[(3R)-3-hydroxyacyl]amino}-1-O-phospho-α-D-glucopyranose |
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Other name(s): | lpxM (gene name); MsbB acyltransferase; myristoyl-[acyl-carrier protein]:α-Kdo-(2→4)-α-Kdo-(2→6)-(dodecanoyl)-lipid IVA O-myristoyltransferase; tetradecanoyl-[acyl-carrier protein]:dodecanoyl-Kdo2-lipid IVA O-tetradecanoyltransferase; lauroyl-Kdo2-lipid IVA myristoyltransferase | ||||||||||||||
Systematic name: | fatty acyl-[acyl-carrier protein]:α-Kdo-(2→4)-α-Kdo-(2→6)-(acyl)-[lipid IVA] O-acyltransferase | ||||||||||||||
Comments: | The enzyme is involved in the biosynthesis of the phosphorylated outer membrane glycolipid lipid A. It transfers an acyl group to the 3-O position of the 3R-hydroxyacyl already attached at the 2-O position of the non-reducing glucosamine molecule. The enzyme from the bacterium Escherichia coli is specific for myristoyl (C14) acyl groups, giving the enzyme its previous accepted name. However, enzymes from different species accept highly variable substrates. | ||||||||||||||
Links to other databases: | BRENDA, EXPASY, KEGG, MetaCyc | ||||||||||||||
References: |
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EC | 2.3.1.251 | ||||||||||||||
Accepted name: | lipid IVA palmitoyltransferase | ||||||||||||||
Reaction: | (1) 1-palmitoyl-2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + hexa-acyl lipid A = 2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + hepta-acyl lipid A (2) 1-palmitoyl-2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + lipid IIA = 2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + lipid IIB (3) 1-palmitoyl-2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + lipid IVA = 2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + lipid IVB |
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For diagram of lipid IVB biosynthesis, click here | |||||||||||||||
Glossary: | palmitoyl = hexadecanoyl hexa-acyl lipid A = 2-deoxy-2-[(3R)-3-(tetradecanoyloxy)tetradecanamido]-3-O-[(3R)-3-(dodecanoyloxy)tetradecanoyl]-4-O-phospho-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→6)-2-deoxy-3-O-[(3R)-3-hydroxytetradecanoyl]-2-[(3R)-3-hydroxytetradecanamido]-α-D-glucopyranosyl phosphate hepta-acyl lipid A = 2-deoxy-2-[(3R)-3-(tetradecanoyloxy)tetradecanamido]-3-O-[(3R)-3-(dodecanoyloxy)tetradecanoyl]-4-O-phospho-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→6)-2-deoxy-3-O-[(3R)-3-hydroxytetradecanoyl]-2-[(3R)-3-(hexadecanoyloxy)tetradecanamido]-α-D-glucopyranosyl phosphate lipid IIA = 4-amino-4-deoxy-β-L-arabinopyranosyl 2-deoxy-2-[(3R)-3-hydroxytetradecanamido]-3-O-[(3R)-3-hydroxytetradecanoyl]-4-O-phospho-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→6)-2-deoxy-3-O-[(3R)-3-hydroxytetradecanoyl]-2-[(3R)-3-hydroxytetradecanamido]-α-D-glucopyranose phosphate lipid IIB = 4-amino-4-deoxy-β-L-arabinopyranosyl 2-deoxy-2-[(3R)-3-hydroxytetradecanamido]-3-O-[(3R)-3-hydroxytetradecanoyl]-4-O-phospho-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→6)-2-deoxy-3-O-[(3R)-3-hydroxytetradecanoyl]-2-[(3R)-3-(hexadecanoyloxy)tetradecanamido]-α-D-glucopyranosyl phosphate lipid IVA = 2-deoxy-2-[(3R)-3-hydroxytetradecanamido]-3-O-[(3R)-3-hydroxytetradecanoyl]-4-O-phospho-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→6)-2-deoxy-3-O-[(3R)-3-hydroxytetradecanoyl]-2-[(3R)-3-hydroxytetradecanamido]-α-D-glucopyranose phosphate lipid IVB = 2-deoxy-2-[(3R)-3-hydroxytetradecanamido]-3-O-[(3R)-3-hydroxytetradecanoyl]-4-O-phospho-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→6)-2-deoxy-3-O-[(3R)-3-hydroxytetradecanoyl]-2-[(3R)-3-(hexadecanoyloxy)tetradecanamido]-α-D-glucopyranosyl phosphate |
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Other name(s): | PagP; crcA (gene name) | ||||||||||||||
Systematic name: | 1-palmitoyl-2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine:lipid-IVA palmitoyltransferase | ||||||||||||||
Comments: | Isolated from the bacteria Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium. The enzyme prefers phosphatidylcholine with a palmitoyl group at the sn-1 position and palmitoyl or stearoyl groups at the sn-2 position. There is some activity with corresponding phosphatidylserines but only weak activity with other diacylphosphatidyl compounds. The enzyme also acts on Kdo-(2→4)-Kdo-(2→6)-lipid IVA. | ||||||||||||||
Links to other databases: | BRENDA, EXPASY, KEGG, MetaCyc, PDB | ||||||||||||||
References: |
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EC | 2.3.1.270 | ||||||||||||||
Accepted name: | lyso-ornithine lipid O-acyltransferase | ||||||||||||||
Reaction: | a lyso-ornithine lipid + an acyl-[acyl-carrier protein] = an ornithine lipid + a holo-[acyl-carrier protein] | ||||||||||||||
Glossary: | a lyso-ornithine lipid = an Nα-[(3R)-3-hydroxyacyl]-L-ornithine an ornithine lipid = an Nα-[(3R)-3-(acyloxy)acyl]-L-ornithine |
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Other name(s): | olsA (gene name) | ||||||||||||||
Systematic name: | Nα-[(3R)-hydroxy-acyl]-L-ornithine O-acyltransferase | ||||||||||||||
Comments: | This bacterial enzyme catalyses the second step in the formation of ornithine lipids. | ||||||||||||||
Links to other databases: | BRENDA, EXPASY, KEGG, MetaCyc | ||||||||||||||
References: |
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EC | 2.3.1.305 | ||||||||||||||
Accepted name: | acyl-[acyl-carrier protein]—UDP-2-acetamido-3-amino-2,3-dideoxy-α-D-glucopyranose N-acyltransferase | ||||||||||||||
Reaction: | a (3R)-3-hydroxyacyl-[acyl-carrier protein] + UDP-2-acetamido-3-amino-2,3-dideoxy-α-D-glucopyranose = an [acyl-carrier protein] + a UDP-2-acetamido-2,3-dideoxy-3-{[(3R)-3-hydroxyacyl]amino}-α-D-glucopyranose | ||||||||||||||
Other name(s): | lpxA (gene name) (ambiguous) | ||||||||||||||
Systematic name: | (3R)-3-hydroxyacyl-[acyl-carrier-protein]:UDP-2-acetamido-3-amino-2,3-dideoxy-α-D-glucopyranose 3-N-[(3R)-hydroxyacyl]transferase | ||||||||||||||
Comments: | The enzyme is found in bacterial species whose lipid A contains 2,3-diamino-2,3-dideoxy-D-glucopyranose. Some enzymes, such as that from Leptospira interrogans, are highly specific for 2,3-diamino-2,3-dideoxy-D-glucopyranose, while others, such as the enzyme from Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans, are also able to accept UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-glucosamine (cf. EC 2.3.1.129, acyl-[acyl-carrier-protein]—UDP-N-acetylglucosamine O-acyltransferase). The enzymes from different organisms also differ in their specificity for the acyl donor. The enzyme from Leptospira interrogans is highly specific for (3R)-3-hydroxydodecanoyl-[acp], while that from Mesorhizobium loti functions almost equally well with 10-, 12-, and 14-carbon 3-hydroxyacyl-[acp]s. | ||||||||||||||
Links to other databases: | BRENDA, EXPASY, KEGG, MetaCyc | ||||||||||||||
References: |
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EC | 2.4.1.60 | ||||||||||||||
Accepted name: | CDP-abequose:α-D-Man-(1→4)-α-L-Rha-(1→3)-α-D-Gal-PP-Und α-1,3-abequosyltransferase | ||||||||||||||
Reaction: | CDP-α-D-abequose + α-D-Man-(1→4)-α-L-Rha-(1→3)-α-D-Gal-PP-Und = CDP + α-D-Abe-(1→3)-α-D-Man-(1→4)-α-L-Rha-(1→3)-α-D-Gal-PP-Und | ||||||||||||||
Glossary: | D-abequose = 3,6-deoxy-D-xylo-hexose = 3,6-deoxy-D-galactose = 3-deoxy-D-fucose α-D-Man-(1→4)-α-L-Rha-(1→3)-α-D-Gal-PP-Und = α-D-mannopyranosyl-(1→4)-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→3)-α-D-galactopyranosyl-diphospho-ditrans,octacis-undecaprenol α-D-Abe-(1→3)-α-D-Man-(1→4)-α-L-Rha-(1→3)-α-D-Gal-PP-Und = α-D-abequopyranosyl-(1→3)-α-D-mannopyranosyl-(1→4)-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→3)-α-D-galactopyranosyl-diphospho-ditrans,octacis-undecaprenol |
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Other name(s): | wbaV (gene name); rfbV (gene name); trihexose diphospholipid abequosyltransferase; abequosyltransferase (ambiguous); CDP-α-D-abequose:Man(α1→4)Rha(α1→3)Gal(β-1)-diphospholipid D-abequosyltransferase | ||||||||||||||
Systematic name: | CDP-α-D-abequose:α-D-mannopyranosyl-(1→4)-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→3)-α-D-galactopyranosyl-diphospho-ditrans,octacis-undecaprenol 3III-α-abequosyltransferase (configuration retaining) | ||||||||||||||
Comments: | The enzyme from Salmonella participates in the biosynthesis of the repeat unit of O antigens produced by strains that belong to the A, B and D1-D3 groups. The enzyme is able to transfer abequose, paratose, or tyvelose, depending on the availability of the specific dideoxyhexose in a particular strain. | ||||||||||||||
Links to other databases: | BRENDA, EXPASY, KEGG, MetaCyc, CAS registry number: 37277-67-1 | ||||||||||||||
References: |
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EC | 2.4.1.130 | ||||||||||||||
Transferred entry: | dolichyl-phosphate-mannose—glycolipid α-mannosyltransferase. Now covered by EC 2.4.1.258 (Dol-P-Man:Man5GlcNAc2-PP-Dol α-1,3-mannosyltransferase), EC 2.4.1.259 (Dol-P-Man:Man6GlcNAc2-PP-Dol α-1,2-mannosyltransferase), EC 2.4.1.260 (Dol-P-Man:Man7GlcNAc2-PP-Dol α-1,6-mannosyltransferase) and EC 2.4.1.261 (Dol-P-Man:Man8GlcNAc2-PP-Dol α-1,2-mannosyltransferase). | ||||||||||||||
EC | 2.4.1.154 | ||||||||||||||
Deleted entry: | globotriosylceramide β-1,6-N-acetylgalactosaminyl-transferase. The enzyme is identical to EC 2.4.1.79, globotriaosylceramide 3-β-N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase. The reference cited referred to a 1→3 linkage and not to a 1→6 linkage, as indicated in the enzyme entry | ||||||||||||||
EC | 2.4.1.182 | ||||||||||||||
Accepted name: | lipid-A-disaccharide synthase | ||||||||||||||
Reaction: | a UDP-2-N,3-O-bis[(3R)-3-hydroxyacyl]-α-D-glucosamine + a lipid X = UDP + a lipid A disaccharide | ||||||||||||||
For diagram of lipid IVA biosynthesis, click here | |||||||||||||||
Glossary: | a lipid X = 2-N-[(3R)-3-hydroxyacyl]-3-O-[(3R)-3-hydroxyacyl]-α-D-glucosamine 1-phosphate = 2-N,3-O-bis[(3R)-3-hydroxyacyl]-α-D-glucosamine a lipid A disaccharide = a 2-deoxy-2-{[(3R)-3-hydroxyacyl]amino}-3-O-[(3R)-3-hydroxyacyl]-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→6)-2-deoxy-3-O-[(3R)-3-hydroxyacyl]-2-{[(3R)-3-hydroxyacyl]amino}-1-O-phospho-α-D-glucopyranose |
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Other name(s): | lpxB (gene name); UDP-2,3-bis(3-hydroxytetradecanoyl)glucosamine:2,3-bis-(3-hydroxytetradecanoyl)-β-D-glucosaminyl-1-phosphate 2,3-bis(3-hydroxytetradecanoyl)-glucosaminyltransferase (incorrect) | ||||||||||||||
Systematic name: | UDP-2-N,3-O-bis[(3R)-3-hydroxyacyl]-α-D-glucosamine:2-N,3-O-bis[(3R)-3-hydroxyacyl]-α-D-glucosamine 1-phosphate 2-N,3-O-bis[(3R)-3-hydroxyacyl]-α-D-glucosaminyltransferase | ||||||||||||||
Comments: | Involved with EC 2.3.1.129 (acyl-[acyl-carrier-protein]—UDP-N-acetylglucosamine O-acyltransferase) and EC 2.7.1.130 (tetraacyldisaccharide 4′-kinase) in the biosynthesis of the phosphorylated glycolipid, lipid A, in the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria. | ||||||||||||||
Links to other databases: | BRENDA, EXPASY, KEGG, MetaCyc, PDB, CAS registry number: 105843-81-0 | ||||||||||||||
References: |
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EC | 2.4.1.206 | ||||||||||||||
Accepted name: | lactosylceramide 1,3-N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminyltransferase | ||||||||||||||
Reaction: | UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-glucosamine + β-D-galactosyl-(1→4)-β-D-glucosyl-(1↔1)-ceramide = UDP + N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminyl-(1→3)-β-D-galactosyl-(1→4)-β-D-glucosyl-(1↔1)-ceramide | ||||||||||||||
For diagram of lactotetraosylceramide biosynthesis, click here | |||||||||||||||
Glossary: | lactosylceramide = β-D-galactosyl-(1→4)-β-D-glucosyl-(1↔1)-ceramide lactotriosylceramide = N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminyl-(1→3)-β-D-galactosyl-(1→4)-β-D-glucosyl-(1↔1)-ceramide |
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Other name(s): | LA2 synthase; β1→3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase; uridine diphosphoacetylglucosamine-lactosylceramide β-acetylglucosaminyltransferase; lactosylceramide β-acetylglucosaminyltransferase; UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine:D-galactosyl-1,4-β-D-glucosylceramide β-1,3-acetylglucosaminyltransferase; UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine:β-D-galactosyl-(1→4)-β-D-glucosyl(1↔1)ceramide 3-β-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase; UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine:β-D-galactosyl-(1→4)-β-D-glucosyl-(1↔1)-ceramide 3-β-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase | ||||||||||||||
Systematic name: | UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-glucosamine:β-D-galactosyl-(1→4)-β-D-glucosyl-(1↔1)-ceramide 3-β-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase (configuration-inverting) | ||||||||||||||
Links to other databases: | BRENDA, EXPASY, KEGG, MetaCyc, CAS registry number: 83682-80-8 | ||||||||||||||
References: |
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EC | 2.4.1.258 | ||||||||||||||
Accepted name: | dolichyl-P-Man:Man5GlcNAc2-PP-dolichol α-1,3-mannosyltransferase | ||||||||||||||
Reaction: | dolichyl β-D-mannosyl phosphate + α-D-Man-(1→2)-α-D-Man-(1→2)-α-D-Man-(1→3)-[α-D-Man-(1→6)]-β-D-Man-(1→4)-β-D-GlcNAc-(1→4)-α-D-GlcNAc-diphosphodolichol = α-D-Man-(1→2)-α-D-Man-(1→2)-α-D-Man-(1→3)-[α-D-Man-(1→3)-α-D-Man-(1→6)]-β-D-Man-(1→4)-β-D-GlcNAc-(1→4)-α-D-GlcNAc-diphosphodolichol + dolichyl phosphate | ||||||||||||||
For diagram of dolichyltetradecasaccharide biosynthesis, click here | |||||||||||||||
Other name(s): | Man5GlcNAc2-PP-Dol mannosyltransferase; ALG3; dolichyl-P-Man:Man(5)GlcNAc(2)-PP-dolichyl mannosyltransferase; Not56-like protein; Alg3 α-1,3-mannosyl transferase; Dol-P-Man:Man5GlcNAc2-PP-Dol α-1,3-mannosyltransferase; dolichyl β-D-mannosyl phosphate:D-Man-α-(1→2)-D-Man-α-(1→2)-D-Man-α-(1→3)-[D-Man-α-(1→6)]-D-Man-β-(1→4)-D-GlcNAc-β-(1→4)-D-GlcNAc-diphosphodolichol α-1,3-mannosyltransferase | ||||||||||||||
Systematic name: | dolichyl β-D-mannosyl-phosphate:α-D-Man-(1→2)-α-D-Man-(1→2)-α-D-Man-(1→3)-[α-D-Man-(1→6)]-β-D-Man-(1→4)-β-D-GlcNAc-(1→4)-α-D-GlcNAc-diphosphodolichol 3-α-D-mannosyltransferase (configuration-inverting) | ||||||||||||||
Comments: | The formation of N-glycosidic linkages of glycoproteins involves the ordered assembly of the common Glc3Man9GlcNAc2 core-oligosaccharide on the lipid carrier dolichyl diphosphate. Early mannosylation steps occur on the cytoplasmic side of the endoplasmic reticulum with GDP-Man as donor, the final reactions from Man5GlcNAc2-PP-dolichol to Man9Glc-NAc2-PP-dolichol on the lumenal side use dolichyl β-D-mannosyl phosphate. The first step of this assembly pathway on the luminal side of the endoplasmic reticulum is catalysed by ALG3. | ||||||||||||||
Links to other databases: | BRENDA, EXPASY, KEGG, MetaCyc | ||||||||||||||
References: |
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EC | 2.4.1.259 | ||||||||||||||
Accepted name: | dolichyl-P-Man:Man6GlcNAc2-PP-dolichol α-1,2-mannosyltransferase | ||||||||||||||
Reaction: | dolichyl β-D-mannosyl phosphate + α-D-Man-(1→2)-α-D-Man-(1→2)-α-D-Man-(1→3)-[α-D-Man-(1→3)-α-D-Man-(1→6)]-β-D-Man-(1→4)-β-D-GlcNAc-(1→4)-α-D-GlcNAc-diphosphodolichol = α-D-Man-(1→2)-α-D-Man-(1→2)-α-D-Man-(1→3)-[α-D-Man-(1→2)-α-D-Man-(1→3)-α-D-Man-(1→6)]-β-D-Man-(1→4)-β-D-GlcNAc-(1→4)-α-D-GlcNAc-diphosphodolichol + dolichyl phosphate | ||||||||||||||
For diagram of dolichyltetradecasaccharide biosynthesis, click here | |||||||||||||||
Other name(s): | ALG9; ALG9 α1,2 mannosyltransferase; dolichylphosphomannose-dependent ALG9 mannosyltransferase; ALG9 mannosyltransferase; Dol-P-Man:Man6GlcNAc2-PP-Dol α-1,2-mannosyltransferase; dolichyl β-D-mannosyl phosphate:D-Man-α-(1→2)-D-Man-α-(1→2)-D-Man-α-(1→3)-[D-Man-α-(1→3)-D-Man-α-(1→6)]-D-Man-β-(1→4)-D-GlcNAc-β-(1→4)-D-GlcNAc-diphosphodolichol α-1,2-mannosyltransferase | ||||||||||||||
Systematic name: | dolichyl β-D-mannosyl-phosphate:α-D-Man-(1→2)-α-D-Man-(1→2)-α-D-Man-(1→3)-[α-D-Man-(1→3)-α-D-Man-(1→6)]-β-D-Man-(1→4)-β-D-GlcNAc-(1→4)-α-D-GlcNAc-diphosphodolichol 2-α-D-mannosyltransferase (configuration-inverting) | ||||||||||||||
Comments: | The formation of N-glycosidic linkages of glycoproteins involves the ordered assembly of the common Glc3Man9GlcNAc2 core-oligosaccharide on the lipid carrier dolichyl diphosphate. Early mannosylation steps occur on the cytoplasmic side of the endoplasmic reticulum with GDP-Man as donor, the final reactions from Man5GlcNAc2-PP-Dol to Man9Glc-NAc2-PP-Dol on the lumenal side use dolichyl β-D-mannosyl phosphate. ALG9 mannosyltransferase catalyses the addition of two different α-1,2-mannose residues - the addition of α-1,2-mannose to Man6GlcNAc2-PP-Dol (EC 2.4.1.259) and the addition of α-1,2-mannose to Man8GlcNAc2-PP-Dol (EC 2.4.1.261). | ||||||||||||||
Links to other databases: | BRENDA, EXPASY, KEGG, MetaCyc | ||||||||||||||
References: |
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EC | 2.4.2.43 | ||||||||||||||
Accepted name: | lipid IVA 4-amino-4-deoxy-L-arabinosyltransferase | ||||||||||||||
Reaction: | (1) 4-amino-4-deoxy-α-L-arabinopyranosyl ditrans,octacis-undecaprenyl phosphate + α-Kdo-(2→4)-α-Kdo-(2→6)-lipid A = α-Kdo-(2→4)-α-Kdo-(2→6)-[4-P-L-Ara4N]-lipid A + ditrans,octacis-undecaprenyl phosphate (2) 4-amino-4-deoxy-α-L-arabinopyranosyl ditrans,octacis-undecaprenyl phosphate + lipid IVA = lipid IIA + ditrans,octacis-undecaprenyl phosphate (3) 4-amino-4-deoxy-α-L-arabinopyranosyl ditrans,octacis-undecaprenyl phosphate + α-Kdo-(2→4)-α-Kdo-(2→6)-lipid IVA = 4′-α-L-Ara4N-α-Kdo-(2→4)-α-Kdo-(2→6)-lipid IVA + ditrans,octacis-undecaprenyl phosphate |
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For diagram of lipid IIA biosynthesis, click here | |||||||||||||||
Glossary: | lipid IVA = 2-deoxy-2-{[(3R)-3-hydroxytetradecanoyl]amino}-3-O-[(3R)-3-hydroxytetradecanoyl]-4-O-phospho-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→6)-2-deoxy-3-O-[(3R)-3-hydroxytetradecanoyl]-2-{[(3R)-3-hydroxytetradecanoyl]amino}-1-O-phosphono-α-D-glucopyranose lipid IIA = 4-amino-4-deoxy-β-L-arabinopyranosyl 2-deoxy-2-{[(3R)-3-hydroxytetradecanoyl]amino}-3-O-[(3R)-3-hydroxytetradecanoyl]-4-O-phospho-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→6)-2-deoxy-3-O-[(3R)-3-hydroxytetradecanoyl]-2-{[(3R)-3-hydroxytetradecanoyl]amino}-α-D-glucopyranosyl phosphate α-Kdo-(2→4)-α-Kdo-(2→6)-lipid IVA = (3-deoxy-α-D-manno-oct-2-ulopyranosylonate)-(2→4)-(3-deoxy-α-D-manno-oct-2-ulopyranosylonate)-(2→6)-2-deoxy-2-{[(3R)-3-hydroxytetradecanoyl]amino}-3-O-[(3R)-3-hydroxytetradecanoyl]-4-O-phosphono-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→6)-2-deoxy-3-O-[(3R)-3-hydroxytetradecanoyl]-2-{[(3R)-3-hydroxytetradecanoyl]amino}-1-O-phosphono-α-D-glucopyranose 4′-α-L-Ara4N-α-Kdo-(2→4)-α-Kdo-(2→6)-lipid IVA = 4-amino-4-deoxy-α-L-arabinopyranosyl 2-deoxy-2-[(3R)-3-hydroxytetradecanamido]-3-O-[(3R)-3-hydroxytetradecanoyl]-4-phospho-β-D-glucopyranosy-(1→6)-2-deoxy-2-[(3R)-3-hydroxytetradecanamido]-3-O-[(3R)-3-hydroxytetradecanoyl]-α-D-glucopyranosyl phosphate lipid A = lipid A of Escherichia coli = 2-deoxy-2-{[(3R)-3-(dodecanoyloxy)tetradecanoyl]amino}-3-O-[(3R)-3-(tetradecanoyloxy)tetradecanoyl]-4-O-phospho-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→6)-2-deoxy-3-O-[(3R)-3-hydroxytetradecanoyl]-2-{[(3R)-3-hydroxytetradecanoyl]amino}-1-O-phosphono-α-D-glucopyranose α-Kdo-(2→4)-α-Kdo-(2→6)-lipid A = (3-deoxy-α-D-manno-oct-2-ulopyranosylonate)-(2→4)-(3-deoxy-α-D-manno-oct-2-ulopyranosylonate)-(2→6)-2-deoxy-2-{[(3R)-3-(dodecanoyloxy)tetradecanoyl]amino}-3-O-[(3R)-3-(tetradecanoyloxy)tetradecanoyl]-4-O-phospho-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→6)-2-deoxy-3-O-[(3R)-3-hydroxytetradecanoyl]-2-{[(3R)-3-hydroxytetradecanoyl]amino}-1-O-phosphono-α-D-glucopyranose α-Kdo-(2→4)-α-Kdo-(2→6)-[4′-P-α-L-Ara4N]-lipid A = (3-deoxy-α-D-manno-oct-2-ulopyranosylonate)-(2→4)-(3-deoxy-α-D-manno-oct-2-ulopyranosylonate)-(2→6)-2-deoxy-2-{[(3R)-3-(dodecanoyloxy)tetradecanoyl]amino}-3-O-[(3R)-3-(tetradecanoyloxy)tetradecanoyl]-4-O-(4-amino-4-deoxy-α-L-arabinopyranosyl)phospho-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→6)-2-deoxy-3-O-[(3R)-3-hydroxytetradecanoyl]-2-{[(3R)-3-hydroxytetradecanoyl]amino}-1-O-phosphono-α-D-glucopyranose |
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Other name(s): | undecaprenyl phosphate-α-L-Ara4N transferase; 4-amino-4-deoxy-L-arabinose lipid A transferase; polymyxin resistance protein PmrK; arnT (gene name) | ||||||||||||||
Systematic name: | 4-amino-4-deoxy-α-L-arabinopyranosyl ditrans,octacis-undecaprenyl-phosphate:lipid IVA 4-amino-4-deoxy-L-arabinopyranosyltransferase | ||||||||||||||
Comments: | Integral membrane protein present in the inner membrane of certain Gram negative endobacteria. In strains that do not produce 3-deoxy-D-manno-octulosonic acid (Kdo), the enzyme adds a single arabinose unit to the 1-phosphate moiety of the tetra-acylated lipid A precursor, lipid IVA. In the presence of a Kdo disaccharide, the enzyme primarily adds an arabinose unit to the 4-phosphate of lipid A molecules. The Salmonella typhimurium enzyme can add arabinose units to both positions. | ||||||||||||||
Links to other databases: | BRENDA, EXPASY, KEGG, MetaCyc, PDB | ||||||||||||||
References: |
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EC | 2.4.2.53 | ||||||||||||||
Accepted name: | undecaprenyl-phosphate 4-deoxy-4-formamido-L-arabinose transferase | ||||||||||||||
Reaction: | UDP-4-deoxy-4-formamido-β-L-arabinopyranose + ditrans,octacis-undecaprenyl phosphate = UDP + 4-deoxy-4-formamido-α-L-arabinopyranosyl ditrans,octacis-undecaprenyl phosphate | ||||||||||||||
For diagram of UDP-4-amino-4-deoxy-β-L-arabinose biosynthesis, click here | |||||||||||||||
Other name(s): | undecaprenyl-phosphate Ara4FN transferase; Ara4FN transferase; polymyxin resistance protein PmrF; UDP-4-amino-4-deoxy-α-L-arabinose:ditrans,polycis-undecaprenyl phosphate 4-amino-4-deoxy-α-L-arabinosyltransferase | ||||||||||||||
Systematic name: | UDP-4-amino-4-deoxy-α-L-arabinose:ditrans,octacis-undecaprenyl phosphate 4-amino-4-deoxy-α-L-arabinosyltransferase | ||||||||||||||
Comments: | The enzyme shows no activity with UDP-4-amino-4-deoxy-β-L-arabinose. | ||||||||||||||
Links to other databases: | BRENDA, EXPASY, KEGG, MetaCyc | ||||||||||||||
References: |
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EC | 2.4.99.15 | ||||||||||||||
Accepted name: | (Kdo)3-lipid IVA (2-4) 3-deoxy-D-manno-octulosonic acid transferase | ||||||||||||||
Reaction: | α-Kdo-(2→8)-α-Kdo-(2→4)-α-Kdo-(2→6)-lipid IVA + CMP-β-Kdo = α-Kdo-(2→8)-[α-Kdo-(2→4)]-α-Kdo-(2→4)-α-Kdo-(2→6)-lipid IVA + CMP | ||||||||||||||
For diagram of Kdo4-Lipid IVA biosynthesis, click here | |||||||||||||||
Glossary: | (Kdo)3-lipid IVA = α-Kdo-(2→8)-α-Kdo-(2→4)-α-Kdo-(2→6)-lipid IVA = (3-deoxy-α-D-manno-oct-2-ulopyranosylonate)-(2→8)-(3-deoxy-α-D-manno-oct-2-ulopyranosylonate)-(2→4)-(3-deoxy-α-D-manno-oct-2-ulopyranosylonate)-(2→6)-2-deoxy-2-{[(3R)-3-hydroxytetradecanoyl]amino}-3-O-[(3R)-3-hydroxytetradecanoyl]-4-O-phosphono-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→6)-2-deoxy-3-O-[(3R)-3-hydroxytetradecanoyl]-2-{[(3R)-3-hydroxytetradecanoyl]amino}-1-O-phosphono-α-D-glucopyranose (Kdo)4-lipid IVA = α-Kdo-(2→8)-[α-Kdo-(2→4)]-α-Kdo-(2→4)-α-Kdo-(2→6)-lipid IVA = (3-deoxy-α-D-manno-oct-2-ulopyranosylonate)-(2→8)-[(3-deoxy-α-D-manno-oct-2-ulopyranosylonate)-(2→4)]-(3-deoxy-α-D-manno-oct-2-ulopyranosylonate)-(2→4)-(3-deoxy-α-D-manno-oct-2-ulopyranosylonate)-(2→6)-2-deoxy-2-{[(3R)-3-hydroxytetradecanoyl]amino}-3-O-[(3R)-3-hydroxytetradecanoyl]-4-O-phosphono-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→6)-2-deoxy-3-O-[(3R)-3-hydroxytetradecanoyl]-2-{[(3R)-3-hydroxytetradecanoyl]amino}-1-O-phosphono-α-D-glucopyranose CMP-β-Kdo = CMP-3-deoxy-β-D-manno-oct-2-ulopyranosylonate |
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Other name(s): | Kdo transferase; waaA (gene name); kdtA (gene name); 3-deoxy-D-manno-oct-2-ulosonic acid transferase; 3-deoxy-manno-octulosonic acid transferase; (KDO)3-lipid IVA (2-4) 3-deoxy-D-manno-octulosonic acid transferase | ||||||||||||||
Systematic name: | CMP-3-deoxy-D-manno-oct-2-ulosonate:(Kdo)3-lipid IVA 3-deoxy-D-manno-oct-2-ulosonate transferase [(2→4) glycosidic bond-forming] | ||||||||||||||
Comments: | The enzyme from Chlamydia psittaci transfers four Kdo residues to lipid A, forming a branched tetrasaccharide with the structure α-Kdo-(2,8)-[α-Kdo-(2,4)]-α-Kdo-(2,4)-α-Kdo (cf. EC 2.4.99.12 [lipid IVA 3-deoxy-D-manno-octulosonic acid transferase], EC 2.4.99.13 [(Kdo)-lipid IVA 3-deoxy-D-manno-octulosonic acid transferase], and EC 2.4.99.14 [(Kdo)2-lipid IVA (2-8) 3-deoxy-D-manno-octulosonic acid transferase]). | ||||||||||||||
Links to other databases: | BRENDA, EXPASY, KEGG, MetaCyc | ||||||||||||||
References: |
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EC | 2.4.99.23 | ||||||||||||||
Accepted name: | lipopolysaccharide heptosyltransferase I | ||||||||||||||
Reaction: | ADP-L-glycero-β-D-manno-heptose + an α-Kdo-(2→4)-α-Kdo-(2→6)-[lipid A] = ADP + an α-Hep-(1→5)-[α-Kdo-(2→4)]-α-Kdo-(2→6)-[lipid A] | ||||||||||||||
Glossary: | Lipid A is a lipid component of the lipopolysaccharides (LPS) of Gram-negative bacteria. It consists of two glucosamine units connected by a β(1→6) bond and decorated with four to seven acyl chains and up to two phosphate groups. Hep = L-glycero-D-manno-heptose |
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Other name(s): | HepI; rfaC (gene name); WaaC; heptosyltransferase I (ambiguous) | ||||||||||||||
Systematic name: | ADP-L-glycero-β-D-manno-heptose:an α-Kdo-(2→4)-α-Kdo-(2→6)-[lipid A] 5-α-heptosyltransferase | ||||||||||||||
Comments: | The enzyme catalyses a glycosylation step in the biosynthesis of the inner core oligosaccharide of the lipopolysaccharide (endotoxin) of many Gram-negative bacteria. | ||||||||||||||
Links to other databases: | BRENDA, EXPASY, KEGG, MetaCyc | ||||||||||||||
References: |
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EC | 2.4.99.24 | ||||||||||||||
Accepted name: | lipopolysaccharide heptosyltransferase II | ||||||||||||||
Reaction: | ADP-L-glycero-β-D-manno-heptose + an α-Hep-(1→5)-[α-Kdo-(2→4)]-α-Kdo-(2→6)-[lipid A] = ADP + an α-Hep-(1→3)-α-Hep-(1→5)-[α-Kdo-(2→4)]-α-Kdo-(2→6)-[lipid A] | ||||||||||||||
Glossary: | Lipid A is a lipid component of the lipopolysaccharides (LPS) of Gram-negative bacteria. It consists of two glucosamine units connected by a β(1→6) bond and decorated with four to seven acyl chains and up to two phosphate groups. Hep = L-glycero-D-manno-heptose |
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Other name(s): | HepII; rfaF (gene name); WaaF; heptosyltransferase II | ||||||||||||||
Systematic name: | ADP-L-glycero-β-D-manno-heptose:an α-L-glycero-D-manno-heptosyl-(1→5)-[α-Kdo-(2→4)]-α -Kdo-(2→6)-[lipid A] 3-α-heptosyltransferase | ||||||||||||||
Comments: | The enzyme catalyses a glycosylation step in the biosynthesis of the inner core oligosaccharide of the lipopolysaccharide (endotoxin) of some Gram-negative bacteria. | ||||||||||||||
Links to other databases: | BRENDA, EXPASY, KEGG, MetaCyc | ||||||||||||||
References: |
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EC | 2.4.99.25 | ||||||||||||||
Accepted name: | lipopolysaccharide heptosyltransferase III | ||||||||||||||
Reaction: | ADP-L-glycero-β-D-manno-heptose + an α-Hep-(1→3)-4-O-phospho-α-Hep-(1→5)-[α-Kdo-(2→4)]-α-Kdo-(2→6)-[lipid A] = ADP + an α-Hep-(1→7)-α-Hep-(1→3)-4-O-phospho-α-Hep-(1→5)-[α-Kdo-(2→4)]-α-Kdo-(2→6)-[lipid A] | ||||||||||||||
Glossary: | Lipid A is a lipid component of the lipopolysaccharides (LPS) of Gram-negative bacteria. It consists of two glucosamine units connected by a β(1→6) bond and decorated with four to seven acyl chains and up to two phosphate groups. Hep = L-glycero-D-manno-heptose |
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Other name(s): | waaQ (gene name); rfaQ (gene name) | ||||||||||||||
Systematic name: | ADP-L-glycero-β-D-manno-heptose:an α-Hep-(1→3)-4-O-phospho-α-Hep-(1→5)-[α-Kdo-(2→4)]-α-Kdo-(2→6)-[lipid A] heptoseI 7-α-heptosyltransferase | ||||||||||||||
Comments: | The enzyme catalyses a glycosylation step in the biosynthesis of the inner core oligosaccharide of the lipopolysaccharide (endotoxin) of some Gram-negative bacteria. | ||||||||||||||
Links to other databases: | BRENDA, EXPASY, KEGG, MetaCyc | ||||||||||||||
References: |
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EC | 2.4.99.26 | ||||||||||||||
Accepted name: | O-antigen ligase | ||||||||||||||
Reaction: | a lipid-linked O antigen + a lipid A-core oligosaccharide = a lipopolysaccharide + a polyisoprenyl diphosphate | ||||||||||||||
Other name(s): | waaL (gene name); surface polymer:lipid A-core ligase; rfaL (gene name) | ||||||||||||||
Systematic name: | lipid-linked O-antigen:lipid A-core oligosaccharide O-antigen transferase (configuration-inverting) | ||||||||||||||
Comments: | This Gram-negative bacterial enzyme attaches the polymerized O antigen molecule to the outer core region of the lipid A-core oligosaccharide, finalizing the biosynthesis of the lipopolysaccharide. Prior to the reaction the two substrates are attached to the periplasmic-facing side of the inner membrane, and the enzyme transfers the O-antigen from its polyprenyl diphosphate membrane anchor (usually ditrans,octacis-undecaprenyl diphosphate) to a terminal sugar of the lipid A-core oligosaccharide. Despite the popular name "ligase", the enzyme is not a real ligase, as the reaction does not involve the hydrolysis of a phosphate bond in a triphosphate. The enzyme is embedded in the inner membrane and often has 12 trans-membrane segments. It is a metal-independent inverting glycosyltransferase, and in some cases it can attach surface polymers other than O-antigens to the lipid A-core oligosaccharide. | ||||||||||||||
Links to other databases: | BRENDA, EXPASY, KEGG, MetaCyc | ||||||||||||||
References: |
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EC | 2.4.99.27 | ||||||||||||||
Accepted name: | O-antigen polymerase Wzy | ||||||||||||||
Reaction: | n lipid-linked O-antigen repeat units = a lipid-linked O antigen + (n−1) polyisoprenyl diphosphate | ||||||||||||||
Other name(s): | wzy (gene name); rfc (gene name); Wzy O-antigen polymerase; Wzy polymerase | ||||||||||||||
Systematic name: | lipid-linked O-antigen repeat unit:O-antigen O-antigen repeat-unit transferase | ||||||||||||||
Comments: | The Wzy-type polymerase polymerizes O antigen repeat unit oligosaccharides that are anchored to the periplasmic face of the inner membrane, forming an O antigen polysaccharide that is still anchored to the membrane. A Wzz chain length regulator (sometimes referred to as an O-antigen co-polymerase) normally interacts with Wzy to confer a distinctive modal chain length distribution. The resultant polysaccharide is transferred from the membrane anchor to the lipid A-core oligosaccharide by EC 2.4.99.26, O-antigen ligase, forming a complete lipopolysaccharide structure. There is an enormous diversity of O antigen polymerases with different specificities, reflecting the variability in the structure and composition of O-antigens. | ||||||||||||||
Links to other databases: | BRENDA, EXPASY, KEGG, MetaCyc | ||||||||||||||
References: |
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EC | 2.6.1.87 | ||||||||||||||
Accepted name: | UDP-4-amino-4-deoxy-L-arabinose aminotransferase | ||||||||||||||
Reaction: | UDP-4-amino-4-deoxy-β-L-arabinopyranose + 2-oxoglutarate = UDP-β-L-threo-pentapyranos-4-ulose + L-glutamate | ||||||||||||||
For diagram of UDP-4-amino-4-deoxy-β-L-arabinose biosynthesis, click here | |||||||||||||||
Other name(s): | UDP-(β-L-threo-pentapyranosyl-4′′-ulose diphosphate) aminotransferase; UDP-4-amino-4-deoxy-L-arabinose—oxoglutarate aminotransferase; UDP-Ara4O aminotransferase; UDP-L-Ara4N transaminase | ||||||||||||||
Systematic name: | UDP-4-amino-4-deoxy-β-L-arabinose:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase | ||||||||||||||
Comments: | A pyridoxal 5′-phosphate enzyme. | ||||||||||||||
Links to other databases: | BRENDA, EXPASY, KEGG, MetaCyc, PDB | ||||||||||||||
References: |
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EC | 2.6.1.122 | ||||||||||||||
Accepted name: | UDP-N-acetyl-3-dehydro-α-D-glucosamine 3-aminotranferase | ||||||||||||||
Reaction: | UDP-2-acetamido-3-amino-2,3-dideoxy-α-D-glucopyranose + 2-oxoglutarate = UDP-N-acetyl-3-dehydro-α-D-glucosamine + L-glutamate | ||||||||||||||
Other name(s): | gnnB (gene name) | ||||||||||||||
Systematic name: | UDP-2-acetamido-3-amino-2,3-dideoxy-α-D-glucopyranose:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase | ||||||||||||||
Comments: | This bacterial enzyme participates, together with EC 1.1.1.374, UDP-N-acetylglucosamine 3-dehydrogenase, in the synthesis of 2,3-diamino-2,3-dideoxy-D-glucopyranose, a component of lipid A in some species. | ||||||||||||||
Links to other databases: | BRENDA, EXPASY, KEGG, MetaCyc | ||||||||||||||
References: |
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EC | 2.7.1.130 | ||||||||||||||
Accepted name: | tetraacyldisaccharide 4′-kinase | ||||||||||||||
Reaction: | ATP + a lipid A disaccharide = ADP + a lipid IVA | ||||||||||||||
For diagram of lipid IVA biosynthesis, click here | |||||||||||||||
Glossary: | a lipid A disaccharide = a dephospho-lipid IVA = 2-deoxy-2-{[(3R)-3-hydroxyacyl]amino}-3-O-[(3R)-3-hydroxyacyl]-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→6)-2-deoxy-3-O-[(3R)-3-hydroxyacyl]-2-{[(3R)-3-hydroxyacyl]amino}-1-O-phospho-α-D-glucopyranose a lipid IVA = 2-deoxy-2-{[(3R)-3-hydroxyacyl]amino}-3-O-[(3R)-3-hydroxyacyl]-4-O-phospho-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→6)-2-deoxy-3-O-[(3R)-3-hydroxyacyl]-2-{[(3R)-3-hydroxyacyl]amino}-1-O-phospho-α-D-glucopyranose |
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Other name(s): | lpxK (gene name); lipid-A 4′-kinase; ATP:2,2′,3,3′-tetrakis[(3R)-3-hydroxytetradecanoyl]-β-D-glucosaminyl-(1→6)-α-D-glucosaminyl-phosphate 4′-O-phosphotransferase | ||||||||||||||
Systematic name: | ATP:2-deoxy-2-{[(3R)-3-hydroxyacyl]amino}-3-O-[(3R)-3-hydroxyacyl]-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→6)-2-deoxy-3-O-[(3R)-3-hydroxyacyl]-2-{[(3R)-3-hydroxyacyl]amino}-1-O-phospho-α-D-glucopyranose 4′-O-phosphotransferase | ||||||||||||||
Comments: | Involved with EC 2.3.1.129 (acyl-[acyl-carrier-protein]—UDP-N-acetylglucosamine O-acyltransferase) and EC 2.4.1.182 (lipid-A-disaccharide synthase) in the biosynthesis of the phosphorylated glycolipid, lipid A, in the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria. | ||||||||||||||
Links to other databases: | BRENDA, EXPASY, KEGG, MetaCyc, PDB, CAS registry number: 107309-06-8 | ||||||||||||||
References: |
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EC | 2.7.1.235 | ||||||||||||||
Accepted name: | lipopolysaccharide core heptose(I) kinase | ||||||||||||||
Reaction: | ATP + an α-Hep-(1→3)-α-Hep-(1→5)-[α-Kdo-(2→4)]-α-Kdo-(2→6)-[lipid A] = ADP + an α-Hep-(1→3)-4-O-phospho-α-Hep-(1→5)-[α-Kdo-(2→4)]-α-Kdo-(2→6)-[lipid A] | ||||||||||||||
Glossary: | Lipid A is a lipid component of the lipopolysaccharides (LPS) of Gram-negative bacteria. It usually consists of two glucosamine units connected by a β(1→6) bond and decorated with four to seven acyl chains and up to two phosphate groups. Hep = L-glycero-β-D-manno-heptose |
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Other name(s): | WaaP; RfaP | ||||||||||||||
Systematic name: | ATP:an α-Hep-(1→3)-α-Hep-(1→5)-[α-Kdo-(2→4)]-α-Kdo-(2→6)-[lipid A] heptoseI 4-O-phosphotransferase | ||||||||||||||
Comments: | The enzyme catalyses the phosphorylation of L-glycero-D-manno-heptose I (the first heptose added to the lipid, Hep I) in the biosynthesis of the inner core oligosaccharide of the lipopolysaccharide (endotoxin) of some Gram-negative bacteria. | ||||||||||||||
Links to other databases: | BRENDA, EXPASY, KEGG, MetaCyc | ||||||||||||||
References: |
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EC | 2.7.4.29 | ||||||||||||||
Accepted name: | Kdo2-lipid A phosphotransferase | ||||||||||||||
Reaction: | ditrans-octacis-undecaprenyl diphosphate + α-D-Kdo-(2→4)-α-D-Kdo-(2→6)-lipid A = ditrans-octacis-undecaprenyl phosphate + α-D-Kdo-(2→4)-α-D-Kdo-(2→6)-lipid A 1-diphosphate | ||||||||||||||
Glossary: | lipid A = 2-deoxy-2-[(3R)-3-(tetradecanoyloxy)tetradecanamido]-3-O-[(3R)-3-(dodecanoyloxy)tetradecanoyl]-4-O-phospho-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→6)-2-deoxy-3-O-[(3R)-3-hydroxytetradecanoyl]-2-[(3R)-3-hydroxytetradecanamido]-α-D-glucopyranosyl phosphate lipid A 1-diphosphate = 2-deoxy-2-[(3R)-3-(tetradecanoyloxy)tetradecanamido]-3-O-[(3R)-3-(dodecanoyloxy)tetradecanoyl]-4-O-phospho-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→6)-2-deoxy-3-O-[(3R)-3-hydroxytetradecanoyl]-2-[(3R)-3-hydroxytetradecanamido]-α-D-glucopyranosyl diphosphate |
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Other name(s): | lipid A undecaprenyl phosphotransferase; LpxT; YeiU | ||||||||||||||
Systematic name: | ditrans-octacis-undecaprenyl-diphosphate:α-D-Kdo-(2→4)-α-D-Kdo-(2→6)-lipid-A phosphotransferase | ||||||||||||||
Comments: | An inner-membrane protein. The activity of the enzyme is regulated by PmrA. In vitro the enzyme can use diacylglycerol 3-diphosphate as the phosphate donor. | ||||||||||||||
Links to other databases: | BRENDA, EXPASY, KEGG, MetaCyc | ||||||||||||||
References: |
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EC | 2.7.4.30 | ||||||||||||||
Transferred entry: | lipid A phosphoethanolamine transferase. Now EC 2.7.8.43, lipid A phosphoethanolamine transferase | ||||||||||||||
EC | 2.7.8.27 | ||||||||||||||
Accepted name: | sphingomyelin synthase | ||||||||||||||
Reaction: | a ceramide + a phosphatidylcholine = a sphingomyelin + a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol | ||||||||||||||
For diagram of reaction, click here | |||||||||||||||
Glossary: | sphingomyelin = a ceramide-1-phosphocholine ceramide = an N-acylsphingoid. The fatty acids of naturally occurring ceramides range in chain length from about C16 to about C26 and may contain one or more double bonds and/or hydroxy substituents at C-2 sphingoid = sphinganine, i.e. D-erythro-2-aminooctadecane-1,3-diol, and its homologues and stereoisomers (see also Lip-1.4) |
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Other name(s): | SM synthase; SMS1; SMS2 | ||||||||||||||
Systematic name: | ceramide:phosphatidylcholine cholinephosphotransferase | ||||||||||||||
Comments: | The reaction can occur in both directions [3]. This enzyme occupies a central position in sphingolipid and glycerophospholipid metabolism [4]. Up- and down-regulation of its activity has been linked to mitogenic and pro-apoptotic signalling in a variety of mammalian cell types [4]. Unlike EC 2.7.8.3, ceramide cholinephosphotransferase, CDP-choline cannot replace phosphatidylcholine as the donor of the phosphocholine moiety of sphingomyelin [2]. | ||||||||||||||
Links to other databases: | BRENDA, EXPASY, KEGG, MetaCyc, PDB, CAS registry number: 58703-97-2 | ||||||||||||||
References: |
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EC | 2.7.8.30 | ||||||||||||||
Transferred entry: | undecaprenyl-phosphate 4-deoxy-4-formamido-L-arabinose transferase. Now EC 2.4.2.53, undecaprenyl-phosphate 4-deoxy-4-formamido-L-arabinose transferase | ||||||||||||||
EC | 2.7.8.42 | ||||||||||||||
Accepted name: | Kdo2-lipid A phosphoethanolamine 7′′-transferase | ||||||||||||||
Reaction: | (1) diacylphosphatidylethanolamine + α-D-Kdo-(2→4)-α-D-Kdo-(2→6)-lipid A = diacylglycerol + 7-O-[2-aminoethoxy(hydroxy)phosphoryl]-α-D-Kdo-(2→4)-α-D-Kdo-(2→6)-lipid A (2) diacylphosphatidylethanolamine + α-D-Kdo-(2→4)-α-D-Kdo-(2→6)-lipid IVA = diacylglycerol + 7-O-[2-aminoethoxy(hydroxy)phosphoryl]-α-D-Kdo-(2→4)-α-D-Kdo-(2→6)-lipid IVA |
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Glossary: | lipid A = 2-deoxy-2-[(3R)-3-(tetradecanoyloxy)tetradecanamido]-3-O-[(3R)-3-(dodecanoyloxy)tetradecanoyl]-4-O-phospho-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→6)-2-deoxy-3-O-[(3R)-3-hydroxytetradecanoyl]-2-[(3R)-3-hydroxytetradecanamido]-α-D-glucopyranosyl phosphate lipid IVA = 2-deoxy-2-[(3R)-3-hydroxytetradecanamido]-3-O-[(3R)-3-hydroxytetradecanoyl]-4-O-phospho-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→6)-2-deoxy-3-O-[(3R)-3-hydroxytetradecanoyl]-2-[(3R)-3-hydroxytetradecanamido]-α-D-glucopyranosyl phosphate |
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Other name(s): | eptB (gene name) | ||||||||||||||
Systematic name: | diacylphosphatidylethanolamine:α-D-Kdo-(2→4)-α-D-Kdo-(2→6)-lipid-A 7′′-phosphoethanolaminetransferase | ||||||||||||||
Comments: | The enzyme has been characterized from the bacterium Escherichia coli. It is activated by Ca2+ ions and is silenced by the sRNA MgrR. | ||||||||||||||
Links to other databases: | BRENDA, EXPASY, KEGG, MetaCyc | ||||||||||||||
References: |
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EC | 2.7.8.43 | ||||||||||||||
Accepted name: | lipid A phosphoethanolamine transferase | ||||||||||||||
Reaction: | (1) diacylphosphatidylethanolamine + lipid A = diacylglycerol + lipid A 1-(2-aminoethyl diphosphate) (2) diacylphosphatidylethanolamine + lipid A = diacylglycerol + lipid A 4′-(2-aminoethyl diphosphate) (3) diacylphosphatidylethanolamine + lipid A 1-(2-aminoethyl diphosphate) = diacylglycerol + lipid A 1,4′-bis(2-aminoethyl diphosphate) |
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Glossary: | lipid A (Campylobacter jejuni) = 2,3-dideoxy-2,3-bis[(3R)-3-(hexadecanoyloxy)tetradecanamido]-4-O-phospho-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→6)-2-deoxy-3-O-[(3R)-3-hydroxytetradecanoyl]-2-[(3R)-3-hydroxytetradecanamido]-α-D-glucopyranosyl phosphate lipid A (Escherichia coli) = 2-deoxy-2-[(3R)-3-(tetradecanoyloxy)tetradecanamido]-3-O-[(3R)-3-(dodecanoyloxy)tetradecanoyl]-4-O-phospho-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→6)-2-deoxy-3-O-[(3R)-3-hydroxytetradecanoyl]-2-[(3R)-3-hydroxytetradecanamido]-α-D-glucopyranosyl phosphate lipid A (Helicobacter pylori) = 2-deoxy-2-[(3R)-3-(octadecanoyloxy)octadecanamido]-4-O-phospho-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→6)-2-deoxy-3-O-[(3R)-3-hydroxyhexadecanoyl]-2-[(3R)-3-hydroxyoctadecanamido]-α-D-glucopyranosyl phosphate lipid A (Neisseria meningitidis) = 2-deoxy-3-O-[(3R)-3-hydroxydodecanoyl]-2-[(3R)-3-(dodecanoyloxy)tetradecanamido]-4-O-phospho-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→6)-2-deoxy-3-O-[(3R)-3-hydroxydodecanoyl]-2-[(3R)-3-(dodecanoyloxy)tetradecanamido]-α-D-glucopyranosyl phosphate lipid A 1-[(2-aminoethyl) diphosphate] = P1-(2-aminoethyl) P2-(2-deoxy-2-[(3R)-3-(tetradecanoyloxy)tetradecanamido]-3-O-[(3R)-3-(dodecanoyloxy)tetradecanoyl]-4-O-phospho-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→6)-2-deoxy-3-O-[(3R)-3-hydroxytetradecanoyl]-2-[(3R)-3-hydroxytetradecanamido]-α-D-glucopyranosyl) diphosphate lipid A 1,4′-bis(2-aminoethyl diphosphate) = P1-(2-aminoethyl) P2-(2-deoxy-2-[(3R)-3-(tetradecanoyloxy)tetradecanamido]-3-O-[(3R)-3-(dodecanoyloxy)tetradecanoyl]-4-O-(2-aminoethyldiphospho)-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→6)-2-deoxy-3-O-[(3R)-3-hydroxytetradecanoyl]-2-[(3R)-3-hydroxytetradecanamido]-α-D-glucopyranosyl) diphosphate |
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Other name(s): | lipid A PEA transferase; LptA | ||||||||||||||
Systematic name: | diacylphosphatidylethanolamine:lipid-A ethanolaminephosphotransferase | ||||||||||||||
Comments: | The enzyme adds one or two ethanolamine phosphate groups to lipid A giving a diphosphate, sometimes in combination with EC 2.4.2.43 (lipid IVA 4-amino-4-deoxy-L-arabinosyltransferase) giving products with 4-amino-4-deoxy-β-L-arabinose groups at the phosphates of lipid A instead of diphosphoethanolamine groups. It will also act on lipid IVA and Kdo2-lipid A. | ||||||||||||||
Links to other databases: | BRENDA, EXPASY, KEGG, MetaCyc | ||||||||||||||
References: |
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EC | 3.1.1.26 | ||||||||||||||
Accepted name: | galactolipase | ||||||||||||||
Reaction: | 1,2-diacyl-3-β-D-galactosyl-sn-glycerol + 2 H2O = 3-β-D-galactosyl-sn-glycerol + 2 carboxylates | ||||||||||||||
Other name(s): | galactolipid lipase; polygalactolipase; galactolipid acylhydrolase | ||||||||||||||
Systematic name: | 1,2-diacyl-3-β-D-galactosyl-sn-glycerol acylhydrolase | ||||||||||||||
Comments: | Also acts on 2,3-di-O-acyl-1-O-(6-O-α-D-galactosyl-β-D-galactosyl)-D-glycerol, and phosphatidylcholine and other phospholipids. | ||||||||||||||
Links to other databases: | BRENDA, EXPASY, KEGG, MetaCyc, PDB, CAS registry number: 37278-40-3 | ||||||||||||||
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EC | 3.1.1.77 | ||||||||||||||
Accepted name: | acyloxyacyl hydrolase | ||||||||||||||
Reaction: | 3-(acyloxy)acyl group of bacterial toxin + H2O = 3-hydroxyacyl group of bacterial toxin + a fatty acid | ||||||||||||||
For diagram of reaction, click here | |||||||||||||||
Comments: | The substrate is lipid A on the reducing end of the toxic lipopolysaccharide (LPS) of Salmonella typhimurium and related organisms. It consists of diglucosamine, β-D-GlcN-(1→ 6)-D-GlcN, attached by glycosylation on O-6 of its non-reducing residue, phosphorylated on O-4 of this residue and on O-1 of its potentially reducing residue. Both residues carry 3-(acyloxy)acyl groups on N-2 and O-3. The enzyme from human leucocytes detoxifies the lipid by hydrolysing the secondary acyl groups from O-3 of the 3-hydroxyacyl groups on the disaccharide (LPS). It also possesses a wide range of phospholipase and acyltransferase activities [e.g. EC 3.1.1.4 (phospholipase A2), EC 3.1.1.5 (lysophospholipase), EC 3.1.1.32 (phospholipase A1) and EC 3.1.1.52 (phosphatidylinositol deacylase)], hydrolysing diacylglycerol and phosphatidyl compounds, but not triacylglycerols. It has a preference for saturated C12-C16 acyl groups. | ||||||||||||||
Links to other databases: | BRENDA, EXPASY, KEGG, MetaCyc, PDB, CAS registry number: 110277-64-0 | ||||||||||||||
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EC | 3.2.1.49 | ||||||||||||||
Accepted name: | α-N-acetylgalactosaminidase | ||||||||||||||
Reaction: | Cleavage of non-reducing α-(1→3)-N-acetylgalactosamine residues from human blood group A and AB mucin glycoproteins, Forssman hapten and blood group A lacto series glycolipids | ||||||||||||||
Other name(s): | α-acetylgalactosaminidase; N-acetyl-α-D-galactosaminidase; N-acetyl-α-galactosaminidase; α-NAGAL; α-NAGA; α-GalNAcase | ||||||||||||||
Systematic name: | α-N-acetyl-D-galactosaminide N-acetylgalactosaminohydrolase | ||||||||||||||
Comments: | The human lysosomal enzyme is involved in the degradation of blood type A epitope. | ||||||||||||||
Links to other databases: | BRENDA, EXPASY, KEGG, MetaCyc, PDB, CAS registry number: 9075-63-2 | ||||||||||||||
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EC | 3.4.21.60 | ||||||||||||||
Accepted name: | scutelarin | ||||||||||||||
Reaction: | Selective cleavage of Arg┼Thr and Arg┼Ile in prothrombin to form thrombin and two inactive fragments | ||||||||||||||
Other name(s): | taipan activator; Oxyuranus scutellatus prothrombin-activating proteinase | ||||||||||||||
Comments: | From the venom of the Taipan snake (Oxyuranus scutellatus). Converts prothrombin to thrombin. Specificity is similar to that of Factor Xa (EC 3.4.21.6). However, unlike Factor Xa this enzyme can cleave its target in the absence of coagulation Factor Va. Activity is potentiated by phospholipid and Ca2+ which binds via γ-carboxyglutamic acid residues. Similar enzymes are known from the venom of other Australian elapid snakes, including Pseudonaja textilis textilis, Oxyuranus microlepidotus and Demansia nuchalis affinis. A member of peptidase family S1. | ||||||||||||||
Links to other databases: | BRENDA, EXPASY, KEGG, MetaCyc, MEROPS, CAS registry number: 93389-45-8 | ||||||||||||||
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EC | 3.5.1.69 | ||||||||||||||
Accepted name: | glycosphingolipid deacylase | ||||||||||||||
Reaction: | Hydrolysis of gangliosides and neutral glycosphingolipids, releasing fatty acids to form the lyso-derivatives | ||||||||||||||
Other name(s): | glycosphingolipid ceramide deacylase | ||||||||||||||
Systematic name: | glycosphingolipid amidohydrolase | ||||||||||||||
Comments: | Does not act on sphingolipids such as ceramide. Not identical with EC 3.5.1.23 ceramidase. | ||||||||||||||
Links to other databases: | BRENDA, EXPASY, KEGG, MetaCyc, CAS registry number: 122544-53-0 | ||||||||||||||
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EC | 3.5.1.108 | ||||||||||||||
Accepted name: | UDP-3-O-acyl-N-acetylglucosamine deacetylase | ||||||||||||||
Reaction: | a UDP-3-O-[(3R)-3-hydroxyacyl]-N-acetyl-α-D-glucosamine + H2O = a UDP-3-O-[(3R)-3-hydroxyacyl]-α-D-glucosamine + acetate | ||||||||||||||
For diagram of lipid IVA biosynthesis, click here | |||||||||||||||
Other name(s): | LpxC protein; LpxC enzyme; LpxC deacetylase; deacetylase LpxC; UDP-3-O-acyl-GlcNAc deacetylase; UDP-3-O-((R)-3-hydroxymyristoyl)-N-acetylglucosamine deacetylase; UDP-(3-O-acyl)-N-acetylglucosamine deacetylase; UDP-3-O-(R-3-hydroxymyristoyl)-N-acetylglucosamine deacetylase; UDP-(3-O-(R-3-hydroxymyristoyl))-N-acetylglucosamine deacetylase; UDP-3-O-[(3R)-3-hydroxymyristoyl]-N-acetylglucosamine amidohydrolase | ||||||||||||||
Systematic name: | UDP-3-O-[(3R)-3-hydroxyacyl]-N-acetyl-α-D-glucosamine amidohydrolase | ||||||||||||||
Comments: | A zinc protein. The enzyme catalyses a committed step in the biosynthesis of lipid A. | ||||||||||||||
Links to other databases: | BRENDA, EXPASY, KEGG, MetaCyc, PDB | ||||||||||||||
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EC | 3.6.1.54 | ||||||||||||||
Accepted name: | UDP-2,3-diacylglucosamine diphosphatase | ||||||||||||||
Reaction: | a UDP-2-N,3-O-bis[(3R)-3-hydroxyacyl]-α-D-glucosamine + H2O = a lipid X + UMP | ||||||||||||||
For diagram of lipid IVA biosynthesis, click here | |||||||||||||||
Glossary: | a lipid X = 2-N-[(3R)-3-hydroxyacyl]-3-O-[(3R)-3-hydroxyacyl]-α-D-glucosamine 1-phosphate = 2-N,3-O-bis[(3R)-3-hydroxyacyl]-α-D-glucosamine |
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Other name(s): | lpxH (gene name); UDP-2,3-diacylglucosamine hydrolase; UDP-2,3-diacylglucosamine pyrophosphatase; ybbF (gene name); UDP-2,3-bis[(3R)-3-hydroxymyristoyl]-α-D-glucosamine 2,3-bis[(3R)-3-hydroxymyristoyl]-β-D-glucosaminyl 1-phosphate phosphohydrolase (incorrect); UDP-2-N,3-O-bis[(3R)-3-hydroxytetradecanoyl]-α-D-glucosamine 2-N,3-O-bis[(3R)-3-hydroxytetradecanoyl]-α-D-glucosaminyl 1-phosphate phosphohydrolase | ||||||||||||||
Systematic name: | UDP-2-N,3-O-bis[(3R)-3-hydroxyacyl]-α-D-glucosamine 2-N,3-O-bis[(3R)-3-hydroxyacyl]-α-D-glucosamine-1-phosphate phosphohydrolase | ||||||||||||||
Comments: | The enzyme catalyses a step in the biosynthesis of lipid A. | ||||||||||||||
Links to other databases: | BRENDA, EXPASY, KEGG, MetaCyc, PDB | ||||||||||||||
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