The Enzyme Database

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EC 2.3.1.211     
Accepted name: bisdemethoxycurcumin synthase
Reaction: 2 4-coumaroyl-CoA + malonyl-CoA + H2O = 3 CoA + bisdemethoxycurcumin + 2 CO2
For diagram of curcumin biosynthesis, click here
Glossary: bisdemethoxycurcumin = (1E,6E)-5-hydroxy-1,7-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)hepta-1,4,6-trien-3-one
Other name(s): CUS; curcuminoid synthase (ambiguous)
Systematic name: 4-coumaroyl-CoA:malonyl-CoA 4-coumaryltransferase (bisdemethoxycurcumin-forming)
Comments: A polyketide synthase characterized from the plant Oryza sativa (rice) that catalyses the formation of the C6-C7-C6 diarylheptanoid scaffold of bisdemethoxycurcumin. Unlike the process in the plant Curcuma longa (turmeric), where the conversion is carried out via a diketide intermediate by two different enzymes (EC 2.3.1.218, phenylpropanoylacetyl-CoA synthase and EC 2.3.1.217, curcumin synthase), the diketide intermediate formed by this enzyme remains within the enzyme’s cavity and is not released to the environment.
Links to other databases: BRENDA, EXPASY, KEGG, MetaCyc, PDB
References:
1.  Morita, H., Wanibuchi, K., Nii, H., Kato, R., Sugio, S. and Abe, I. Structural basis for the one-pot formation of the diarylheptanoid scaffold by curcuminoid synthase from Oryza sativa. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 107 (2010) 19778–19783. [DOI] [PMID: 21041675]
[EC 2.3.1.211 created 2013]
 
 
EC 2.3.1.217     
Accepted name: curcumin synthase
Reaction: feruloyl-CoA + feruloylacetyl-CoA + H2O = 2 CoA + curcumin + CO2
For diagram of curcumin biosynthesis, click here
Glossary: curcumin = (1E,6E)-5-hydroxy-1,7-bis(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)hepta-1,4,6-trien-3-one
feruloylacetyl-CoA = feruloyl-diketide-CoA
Other name(s): CURS; CURS1 (gene name); CURS2 (gene name); CURS3 (gene name)
Systematic name: feruloyl-CoA:feruloylacetyl-CoA feruloyltransferase (curcumin-forming)
Comments: A polyketide synthase from the plant Curcuma longa (turmeric). Three isoforms exist, CURS1, CURS2 and CURS3. While CURS1 and CURS2 prefer feruloyl-CoA as a starter substrate, CURS3 can accept 4-coumaroyl-CoA equally well [2] (see EC 2.3.1.219, demethoxycurcumin synthase).
Links to other databases: BRENDA, EXPASY, KEGG, MetaCyc, PDB
References:
1.  Katsuyama, Y., Kita, T., Funa, N. and Horinouchi, S. Curcuminoid biosynthesis by two type III polyketide synthases in the herb Curcuma longa. J. Biol. Chem. 284 (2009) 11160–11170. [DOI] [PMID: 19258320]
2.  Katsuyama, Y., Kita, T. and Horinouchi, S. Identification and characterization of multiple curcumin synthases from the herb Curcuma longa. FEBS Lett. 583 (2009) 2799–2803. [DOI] [PMID: 19622354]
3.  Katsuyama, Y., Miyazono, K., Tanokura, M., Ohnishi, Y. and Horinouchi, S. Structural and biochemical elucidation of mechanism for decarboxylative condensation of β-keto acid by curcumin synthase. J. Biol. Chem. 286 (2011) 6659–6668. [DOI] [PMID: 21148316]
[EC 2.3.1.217 created 2013]
 
 
EC 2.3.1.219     
Accepted name: demethoxycurcumin synthase
Reaction: (1) 4-coumaroyl-CoA + feruloylacetyl-CoA + H2O = 2 CoA + demethoxycurcumin + CO2
(2) 4-coumaroyl-CoA + (4-coumaroyl)acetyl-CoA + H2O = 2 CoA + bisdemethoxycurcumin + CO2
For diagram of curcumin biosynthesis, click here
Glossary: demethoxycurcumin = (1E,6E)-5-hydroxy-1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-7-(4-hydroxyphenyl)hepta-1,4,6-trien-3-one
bisdemethoxycurcumin = (1E,6E)-5-hydroxy-1,7-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)hepta-1,4,6-trien-3-one
feruloylacetyl-CoA = feruloyl-diketide-CoA
(4-coumaroyl)acetyl-CoA = 4-coumaroyl-diketide-CoA
Other name(s): CURS3
Systematic name: 4-coumaroyl-CoA:feruloylacetyl-CoA feruloyltransferase (demethoxycurcumin-forming)
Comments: A polyketide synthase from the plant Curcuma longa (turmeric). Three isoforms exist, CURS1, CURS2 and CURS3. While CURS1 and CURS2 prefer feruloyl-CoA as a starter substrate (cf. EC 2.3.1.217, curcumin synthase), CURS3 can accept 4-coumaroyl-CoA equally well [1].
Links to other databases: BRENDA, EXPASY, KEGG, MetaCyc
References:
1.  Katsuyama, Y., Kita, T. and Horinouchi, S. Identification and characterization of multiple curcumin synthases from the herb Curcuma longa. FEBS Lett. 583 (2009) 2799–2803. [DOI] [PMID: 19622354]
[EC 2.3.1.219 created 2013]
 
 


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