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Your query returned 12 entries. Printable version
EC | 1.1.1.219 | ||||||||
Accepted name: | dihydroflavonol 4-reductase | ||||||||
Reaction: | a (2R,3S,4S)-leucoanthocyanidin + NADP+ = a (2R,3R)-dihydroflavonol + NADPH + H+ | ||||||||
For diagram of flavonoid biosynthesis, click here | |||||||||
Other name(s): | dihydrokaempferol 4-reductase; dihydromyricetin reductase; NADPH-dihydromyricetin reductase; dihydroquercetin reductase; DFR (gene name); cis-3,4-leucopelargonidin:NADP+ 4-oxidoreductase; dihydroflavanol 4-reductase (incorrect) | ||||||||
Systematic name: | (2R,3S,4S)-leucoanthocyanidin:NADP+ 4-oxidoreductase | ||||||||
Comments: | This plant enzyme, involved in the biosynthesis of anthocyanidins, is known to act on (+)-dihydrokaempferol, (+)-taxifolin, and (+)-dihydromyricetin, although some enzymes may act only on a subset of these compounds. Each dihydroflavonol is reduced to the corresponding cis-flavan-3,4-diol. NAD+ can act instead of NADP+, but more slowly. | ||||||||
Links to other databases: | BRENDA, EXPASY, KEGG, MetaCyc, PDB, CAS registry number: 83682-99-9 | ||||||||
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EC | 1.3.1.77 | ||||||||
Accepted name: | anthocyanidin reductase [(2R,3R)-flavan-3-ol-forming] | ||||||||
Reaction: | a (2R,3R)-flavan-3-ol + 2 NAD(P)+ = an anthocyanidin with a 3-hydroxy group + 2 NAD(P)H + H+ | ||||||||
For diagram of anthocyanin biosynthesis, click here | |||||||||
Other name(s): | ANR (gene name) (ambiguous); flavan-3-ol:NAD(P)+ oxidoreductase; anthocyanidin reductase (ambiguous) | ||||||||
Systematic name: | (2R,3R)-flavan-3-ol:NAD(P)+ 3,4-oxidoreductase | ||||||||
Comments: | The enzyme participates in the flavonoid biosynthesis pathway found in plants. It catalyses the double reduction of anthocyanidins, producing (2R,3R)-flavan-3-ol monomers required for the formation of proanthocyanidins. While the enzyme from the legume Medicago truncatula (MtANR) can use both NADPH and NADH as reductant, that from the crucifer Arabidopsis thaliana (AtANR) uses only NADPH. Also, while the substrate preference of MtANR is cyanidin>pelargonidin>delphinidin, the reverse preference is found with AtANR. cf. EC 1.3.1.112, anthocyanidin reductase [(2S)-flavan-3-ol-forming]. | ||||||||
Links to other databases: | BRENDA, EXPASY, KEGG, MetaCyc, PDB, CAS registry number: 93389-48-1 | ||||||||
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EC | 1.17.1.3 | ||||||||
Accepted name: | leucoanthocyanidin reductase | ||||||||
Reaction: | (2R,3S)-catechin + NADP+ + H2O = 2,3-trans-3,4-cis-leucocyanidin + NADPH + H+ | ||||||||
For diagram of flavonoid biosynthesis, click here | |||||||||
Other name(s): | leucocyanidin reductase | ||||||||
Systematic name: | (2R,3S)-catechin:NADP+ 4-oxidoreductase | ||||||||
Comments: | The enzyme catalyses the synthesis of catechin, catechin-4β-ol (leucocyanidin) and the related flavan-3-ols afzelechin and gallocatechin, which are initiating monomers in the synthesis of plant polymeric proanthocyanidins or condensed tannins. While 2,3-trans-3,4-cis-leucocyanidin is the preferred flavan-3,4-diol substrate, 2,3-trans-3,4-cis-leucodelphinidin and 2,3-trans-3,4-cis-leucopelargonidin can also act as substrates, but more slowly. NADH can replace NADPH but is oxidized more slowly. | ||||||||
Links to other databases: | BRENDA, EXPASY, KEGG, MetaCyc, PDB, CAS registry number: 776323-46-7 | ||||||||
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EC | 2.1.1.267 | ||||||||
Accepted name: | flavonoid 3′,5′-methyltransferase | ||||||||
Reaction: | (1) S-adenosyl-L-methionine + a 3′-hydroxyflavonoid = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + a 3′-methoxyflavonoid (2) S-adenosyl-L-methionine + a 5′-hydroxy-3′-methoxyflavonoid = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + a 3′,5′-dimethoxyflavonoid |
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For diagram of anthocyanidin glucoside biosynthesis, click here | |||||||||
Glossary: | delphinidin = 3,3′,4′,5,5′,7-hexahydroxyflavylium cyanidin = 3,3′,4′,5,7-pentahydroxyflavylium myricetin = 3,3′,4′,5,5′,7-hexahydroxyflavone quercetin = 3,3′,4′,5,7-pentahydroxyflavone |
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Other name(s): | AOMT; CrOMT2 | ||||||||
Systematic name: | S-adenosyl-L-methionine:flavonoid 3′-O-methyltransferase | ||||||||
Comments: | Isolated from Vitis vinifera (grape) [2]. Most active with delphinidin 3-glucoside but also acts on cyanidin 3-glucoside, cyanidin, myricetin, quercetin and quercetin 3-glucoside. The enzyme from Catharanthus roseus was most active with myricetin [1]. | ||||||||
Links to other databases: | BRENDA, EXPASY, KEGG, MetaCyc | ||||||||
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EC | 2.3.1.171 | ||||||||
Accepted name: | anthocyanin 6′′-O-malonyltransferase | ||||||||
Reaction: | malonyl-CoA + an anthocyanidin 3-O-β-D-glucoside = CoA + an anthocyanidin 3-O-(6-O-malonyl-β-D-glucoside) | ||||||||
For diagram of anthocyanidin acylglucoside biosynthesis, click here | |||||||||
Systematic name: | malonyl-CoA:anthocyanidin-3-O-β-D-glucoside 6′′-O-malonyltransferase | ||||||||
Comments: | Acts on pelargonidin 3-O-glucoside in dahlia (Dahlia variabilis), delphinidin 3-O-glucoside, and on cyanidin 3-O-glucoside in transgenic petunia (Petunia hybrida). | ||||||||
Links to other databases: | BRENDA, EXPASY, KEGG, MetaCyc, CAS registry number: 111070-07-6 | ||||||||
References: |
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EC | 2.3.1.172 | ||||||||
Accepted name: | anthocyanin 5-O-glucoside 6′′′-O-malonyltransferase | ||||||||
Reaction: | malonyl-CoA + pelargonidin 3-O-(6-caffeoyl-β-D-glucoside) 5-O-β-D-glucoside = CoA + 4′′′-demalonylsalvianin | ||||||||
For diagram of salvianin biosynthesis, click here | |||||||||
Glossary: | salvianin = pelargonidin 3-O-(6-caffeoyl-β-D-glucoside) 5-O-(4,6-di-O-malonyl-β-D-glucoside) 4′′′-demalonylsalvianin = pelargonidin 3-O-(6-caffeoyl-β-D-glucoside) 5-O-(6-O-malonyl-β-D-glucoside) pelargonidin = 3,4′,5,7-tetrahydroxyflavylium |
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Systematic name: | malonyl-CoA:pelargonidin-3-O-(6-caffeoyl-β-D-glucoside)-5-O-β-D-glucoside 6′′′-O-malonyltransferase | ||||||||
Comments: | Specific for the penultimate step in salvianin biosynthesis. The enzyme also catalyses the malonylation of shisonin to malonylshisonin [cyanidin 3-O-(6′′-O-p-coumaryl-β-D-glucoside)-5-(6′′′-O-malonyl-β-D-glucoside)]. The compounds 4′′′-demalonylsalvianin, salvianin, pelargonidin 3,5-diglucoside and delphinidin 3,5-diglucoside cannot act as substrates. | ||||||||
Links to other databases: | BRENDA, EXPASY, KEGG, MetaCyc, CAS registry number: 380229-66-3 | ||||||||
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EC | 2.3.1.215 | ||||||||
Accepted name: | anthocyanidin 3-O-glucoside 6′′-O-acyltransferase | ||||||||
Reaction: | 4-hydroxycinnamoyl-CoA + an anthocyanidin 3-O-β-D-glucoside = CoA + an anthocyanidin 3-O-[6-O-(4-hydroxycinnamoyl)-β-D-glucoside] | ||||||||
For diagram of anthocyanidin acylglucoside biosynthesis, click here and for diagram of salvianin biosynthesis, click here | |||||||||
Glossary: | 4-hydroxycinnamoyl-CoA = 4-coumaroyl-CoA 3,4-dihydroxycinnamoyl-CoA = caffeoyl-CoA cyanidin = 3,3′,4′,5,7-pentahydroxyflavylium delphinidin = 3,3′,4′,5,5′,7-hexahydroxyflavylium |
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Systematic name: | 4-hydroxycinnamoyl-CoA:anthocyanin-3-O-glucoside 6′′-O-acyltransferase | ||||||||
Comments: | Isolated from the plants Perilla frutescens and Gentiana triflora (clustered gentian). Acts on a range of anthocyanidin 3-O-glucosides, 3,5-di-O-glucosides and cyanidin 3-rutinoside. It did not act on delphinidin 3,3′,7-tri-O-glucoside. Recombinant Perilla frutescens enzyme could utilize caffeoyl-CoA but not malonyl-CoA as alternative acyl donor. | ||||||||
Links to other databases: | BRENDA, EXPASY, KEGG, MetaCyc | ||||||||
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EC | 2.4.1.115 | ||||||||
Accepted name: | anthocyanidin 3-O-glucosyltransferase | ||||||||
Reaction: | UDP-D-glucose + an anthocyanidin = UDP + an anthocyanidin-3-O-β-D-glucoside | ||||||||
For diagram of anthocyanin biosynthesis, click here | |||||||||
Other name(s): | uridine diphosphoglucose-anthocyanidin 3-O-glucosyltransferase; UDP-glucose:anthocyanidin/flavonol 3-O-glucosyltransferase; UDP-glucose:cyanidin-3-O-glucosyltransferase; UDP-glucose:anthocyanidin 3-O-D-glucosyltransferase; 3-GT | ||||||||
Systematic name: | UDP-D-glucose:anthocyanidin 3-O-β-D-glucosyltransferase | ||||||||
Comments: | The anthocyanidin compounds cyanidin, delphinidin, peonidin and to a lesser extent pelargonidin can act as substrates. The enzyme does not catalyse glucosylation of the 5-position of cyanidin and does not act on flavanols such as quercetin and kaempferol (cf. EC 2.4.1.91 flavonol 3-O-glucosyltransferase). In conjunction with EC 1.14.20.4, anthocyanidin oxygenase, it is involved in the conversion of leucoanthocyanidin into anthocyanidin 3-glucoside. It may act on the pseudobase precursor of the anthocyanidin rather than on the anthocyanidin itself [3]. | ||||||||
Links to other databases: | BRENDA, EXPASY, KEGG, MetaCyc, PDB, CAS registry number: 65607-32-1 | ||||||||
References: |
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EC | 2.4.1.116 | ||||||||
Accepted name: | cyanidin 3-O-rutinoside 5-O-glucosyltransferase | ||||||||
Reaction: | UDP-α-D-glucose + cyanidin-3-O-rutinoside = UDP + cyanidin 3-O-rutinoside 5-O-β-D-glucoside | ||||||||
For diagram of anthocyanidin rutoside biosynthesis, click here | |||||||||
Glossary: | cyanidin 3-O-rutinoside = cyanidin-3-O-α-L-rhamnosyl-(1→6)-β-D-glucoside cyanidin = 3,3′,4′,5,7-pentahydroxyflavylium |
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Other name(s): | uridine diphosphoglucose-cyanidin 3-rhamnosylglucoside 5-O-glucosyltransferase; cyanidin-3-rhamnosylglucoside 5-O-glucosyltransferase; UDP-glucose:cyanidin-3-O-D-rhamnosyl-1,6-D-glucoside 5-O-D-glucosyltransferase | ||||||||
Systematic name: | UDP-α-D-glucose:cyanidin-3-O-α-L-rhamnosyl-(1→6)-β-D-glucoside 5-O-β-D-glucosyltransferase | ||||||||
Comments: | Isolated from the plants Silene dioica (red campion) [1], Iris ensata (Japanese iris) [2] and Iris hollandica (Dutch iris) [3]. Also acts on the 3-O-rutinosides of pelargonidin, delphinidin and malvidin, but not the corresponding glucosides or 6-acylglucosides. The enzyme does not catalyse the glucosylation of the 5-hydroxy group of cyanidin 3-glucoside. | ||||||||
Links to other databases: | BRENDA, EXPASY, KEGG, MetaCyc, CAS registry number: 70248-66-7 | ||||||||
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EC | 2.4.1.238 | ||||||||
Accepted name: | delphinidin 3,5-di-O-glucoside 3′-O-glucosyltransferase | ||||||||
Reaction: | UDP-α-D-glucose + delphinidin 3,5-di-O-β-D-glucoside = UDP + delphinidin 3,3′,5-tri-O-β-D-glucoside | ||||||||
For diagram of anthocyanidin glucoside biosynthesis, click here | |||||||||
Glossary: | delphinidin = 3,3′,4′,5,5′,7-hexahydroxyflavylium | ||||||||
Other name(s): | UDP-glucose:anthocyanin 3′-O-glucosyltransferase; 3’GT | ||||||||
Systematic name: | UDP-α-D-glucose:delphinidin-3,5-di-O-β-D-glucoside 3′-O-glucosyltransferase | ||||||||
Comments: | Isolated from the plant Gentiana triflora (clustered gentian). | ||||||||
Links to other databases: | BRENDA, EXPASY, KEGG, MetaCyc, CAS registry number: 380231-41-4 | ||||||||
References: |
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EC | 2.4.1.249 | ||||||||
Accepted name: | delphinidin 3′,5′-O-glucosyltransferase | ||||||||
Reaction: | 2 UDP-glucose + delphinidin 3-O-(6′′-O-malonyl)-β-D-glucoside = 2 UDP + delphinidin 3-O-(6′′-O-malonyl)-β-D-glucoside-3′,5′-di-O-β-D-glucoside (overall reaction) (1a) UDP-glucose + delphinidin 3-O-(6′′-O-malonyl)-β-D-glucoside = UDP + delphinidin 3-O-(6′′-O-malonyl)-β-D-glucoside-3′-O-β-D-glucoside (1b) UDP-glucose + delphinidin 3-O-(6′′-O-malonyl)-β-D-glucoside-3′-O-β-D-glucoside = UDP + delphinidin 3-O-(6′′-O-malonyl)-β-D-glucoside-3′,5′-di-O-β-D-glucoside |
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For diagram of anthocyanidin acylglucoside biosynthesis, click here | |||||||||
Glossary: | delphinidin 3-O-(6′′-O-malonyl)-β-D-glucoside-3′,5′-di-O-β-D-glucoside = ternatin C5 | ||||||||
Other name(s): | UDP-glucose:anthocyanin 3′,5′-O-glucosyltransferase; UA3′5’GZ | ||||||||
Systematic name: | UDP-glucose:delphinidin 3-O-(6′′-O-malonyl)-β-D-glucoside 3′-O-glucosyltransferase | ||||||||
Comments: | Ternatins are a group of polyacetylated delphinidin glucosides that confer blue color to the petals of Clitoria ternatea (butterfly pea). This enzyme catalyses two reactions in the biosynthesis of ternatin C5: the conversion of delphinidin 3-O-(6′′-O-malonyl)-β-D-glucoside to delphinidin 3-O-(6′′-O-malonyl)-β-D-glucoside-3′-O-β-D-glucoside, followed by the conversion of the later to ternatin C5, by transferring two glucosyl groups in a stepwise manner [1]. | ||||||||
Links to other databases: | BRENDA, EXPASY, KEGG, MetaCyc | ||||||||
References: |
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EC | 2.4.2.51 | ||||||||
Accepted name: | anthocyanidin 3-O-glucoside 2′′′-O-xylosyltransferase | ||||||||
Reaction: | UDP-α-D-xylose + an anthocyanidin 3-O-β-D-glucoside = UDP + an anthocyanidin 3-O-β-D-sambubioside | ||||||||
For diagram of anthocyanidin sambubioside biosynthesis, click here | |||||||||
Glossary: | anthocyanidin 3-O-β-D-sambubioside = anthocyanidin 3-O-(β-D-xylosyl-(1→2)-β-D-glucoside) |
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Other name(s): | uridine 5′-diphosphate-xylose:anthocyanidin 3-O-glucose-xylosyltransferase; UGT79B1 | ||||||||
Systematic name: | UDP-α-D-xylose:anthocyanidin-3-O-β-D-glucoside 2′′′-O-xylosyltransferase | ||||||||
Comments: | Isolated from the plants Matthiola incana (stock) [1] and Arabidopsis thaliana (mouse-eared cress) [2]. The enzyme has similar activity with the 3-glucosides of pelargonidin, cyanidin, delphinidin, quercetin and kaempferol as well as with cyanidin 3-O-rhamnosyl-(1→6)-glucoside and cyanidin 3-O-(6-acylglucoside). There is no activity with other UDP-sugars or with cyanidin 3,5-diglucoside. | ||||||||
Links to other databases: | BRENDA, EXPASY, KEGG, MetaCyc | ||||||||
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