The Enzyme Database

Your query returned 5 entries.    printer_iconPrintable version

EC 2.4.1.62     
Accepted name: ganglioside galactosyltransferase
Reaction: UDP-α-D-galactose + an N-acetyl-β-D-galactosaminyl-(1→4)-[α-N-acetylneuraminyl-(2→3)]-β-D-galactosyl-(1→4)-β-D-glucosyl-(1↔1)-ceramide = UDP + a β-D-galactosyl-(1→3)-N-acetyl-β-D-galactosaminyl-(1→4)-[α-N-acetylneuraminyl-(2→3)]-β-D-galactosyl-(1→4)-β-D-glucosyl-(1↔1)-ceramide
For diagram of ganglioside biosynthesis, click here
Glossary: N-acetyl-β-D-galactosaminyl-(1→4)-[α-N-acetylneuraminyl-(2→3)]-β-D-galactosyl-(1→4)-β-D-glucosyl-(1↔1)-ceramide = ganglioside GM2
a β-D-galactosyl-(1→3)-N-acetyl-β-D-galactosaminyl-(1→4)-[α-N-acetylneuraminyl-(2→3)]-β-D-galactosyl-(1→4)-β-D-glucosyl-(1↔1)-ceramide = gangloside GM1a
Other name(s): UDP-galactose—ceramide galactosyltransferase; uridine diphosphogalactose-ceramide galactosyltransferase; UDP galactose-LAC Tet-ceramide α-galactosyltransferase; UDP-galactose-GM2 galactosyltransferase; uridine diphosphogalactose-GM2 galactosyltransferase; uridine diphosphate D-galactose:glycolipid galactosyltransferase; UDP-galactose:N-acetylgalactosaminyl-(N-acetylneuraminyl) galactosyl-glucosyl-ceramide galactosyltransferase; UDP-galactose-GM2 ganglioside galactosyltransferase; GM1-synthase; UDP-galactose:N-acetyl-D-galactosaminyl-(N-acetylneuraminyl)-D-galactosyl-D-glucosyl-N-acylsphingosine β-1,3-D-galactosyltransferase; UDP-galactose:N-acetyl-D-galactosaminyl-(N-acetylneuraminyl)-D-galactosyl-(1→4)-β-D-glucosyl-N-acylsphingosine 3-β-D-galactosyltransferase
Systematic name: UDP-α-D-galactose:N-acetyl-β-D-galactosaminyl-(1→4)-[α-N-acetylneuraminyl-(2→3)]-β-D-galactosyl-(1→4)-β-D-glucosyl-(1↔1)-ceramide 3-β-D-galactosyltransferase
Comments: The substrate is also known as gangloside GM2, the product as gangloside GM1a
Links to other databases: BRENDA, EXPASY, KEGG, MetaCyc, CAS registry number: 37217-28-0
References:
1.  Basu, S., Kaufman, B. and Roseman, S. Conversion of Tay-Sachs ganglioside to monosialoganglioside by brain uridine diphosphate D-galactose: glycolipid galactosyltransferase. J. Biol. Chem. 240 (1965) 4115–4117. [PMID: 5842076]
2.  Yip, G.B. and Dain, J.A. The enzymic synthesis of ganglioside. II. UDP-galactose: N-acetylgalactosaminyl-(N-acetylneuraminyl)galactosyl-glucosyl-ceramide galactosyltransferase in rat brain. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 206 (1970) 252–260. [DOI] [PMID: 4987145]
3.  Yip, M.C.M. and Dain, J.A. Frog brain uridine diphosphate galactose-N-acetylgalactosaminyl-N-acetylneuraminylgalactosylglucosylceramide galactosyltransferase. Biochem. J. 118 (1970) 247–252. [PMID: 5484669]
[EC 2.4.1.62 created 1972, modified 2013]
 
 
EC 2.4.1.80     
Accepted name: ceramide glucosyltransferase
Reaction: UDP-α-D-glucose + an N-acylsphingosine = UDP + a β-D-glucosyl-N-acylsphingosine
For diagram of glycolipid biosynthesis, click here
Other name(s): UDP-glucose:ceramide glucosyltransferase; ceramide:UDP-Glc glucosyltransferase; uridine diphosphoglucose-ceramide glucosyltransferase; ceramide:UDP-glucose glucosyltransferase; glucosylceramide synthase; UDP-glucose:N-acylsphingosine D-glucosyltransferase
Systematic name: UDP-α-D-glucose:N-acylsphingosine β-D-glucosyltransferase (configuration-inverting)
Comments: Sphingosine and dihydrosphingosine can also act as acceptors; CDP-glucose can act as donor.
Links to other databases: BRENDA, EXPASY, KEGG, MetaCyc, CAS registry number: 37237-44-8
References:
1.  Basu, S., Kaufman, B. and Roseman, S. Enzymatic synthesis of glucocerebroside by a glucosyltransferase from embryonic chicken brain. J. Biol. Chem. 248 (1973) 1388–1394. [PMID: 4631392]
[EC 2.4.1.80 created 1976]
 
 
EC 3.2.1.45     
Accepted name: glucosylceramidase
Reaction: a D-glucosyl-N-acylsphingosine + H2O = D-glucose + a ceramide
For diagram of glycolipid biosynthesis, click here
Glossary: a ceramide = an N-acylsphingosine
Other name(s): psychosine hydrolase; glucosphingosine glucosylhydrolase; GlcCer-β-glucosidase; β-D-glucocerebrosidase; glucosylcerebrosidase; β-glucosylceramidase; ceramide glucosidase; glucocerebrosidase; glucosylsphingosine β-glucosidase; glucosylsphingosine β-D-glucosidase
Systematic name: D-glucosyl-N-acylsphingosine glucohydrolase
Comments: Also acts on glucosylsphingosine (cf. EC 3.2.1.62 glycosylceramidase).
Links to other databases: BRENDA, EXPASY, KEGG, MetaCyc, PDB, CAS registry number: 37228-64-1
References:
1.  Brady, R.O., Kanfer, J.N. and Shapiro, D. The metabolism of glucocerebrosides. I. Preparation and properties of a glucocerebroside-cleaving enzyme from spleen tissue. J. Biol. Chem. 240 (1966) 39–43. [PMID: 14253443]
2.  Vaccaro, A.M., Muscillo, M. and Suzuki, K. Characterization of human glucosylsphingosine glucosyl hydrolase and comparison with glucosylceramidase. Eur. J. Biochem. 146 (1985) 315–321. [DOI] [PMID: 3967661]
[EC 3.2.1.45 created 1972]
 
 
EC 3.2.1.62     
Accepted name: glycosylceramidase
Reaction: (1) a β-D-glucosyl-N-acylsphingosine + H2O = a ceramide + β-D-glucose
(2) a β-D-galactosyl-N-acylsphingosine + H2O = a ceramide + β-D-galactose
(3) a flavonoid-O-β-D-glucoside + H2O = a flavonoid + β-D-glucose
For diagram of phloretin biosynthesis, click here and for diagram of glycolipid biosynthesis, click here
Glossary: a ceramide = an N-acylsphingosine
Other name(s): phlorizin hydrolase; phloretin-glucosidase; glycosyl ceramide glycosylhydrolase; cerebrosidase; phloridzin β-glucosidase; lactase-phlorizin hydrolase; phloridzin glucosidase; LPH (gene name); LCT (gene name); glycosyl-N-acylsphingosine glycohydrolase
Systematic name: β-D-glucosyl-N-acylsphingosine glycohydrolase (configuration-retaining)
Comments: The enzyme, found in the intestinal mucosa, hydrolyses β-D-glucosyl and β-D-galactosyl residues from a very broad range of substrates using a retaining mechanism. Characterized substrates include glucosyl- and galactosyl-ceramides [3], O3-, O4′ and O7-glucosylated flavonoids [6], and the 2′-O-glucosylated dihydrochalcone phlorizin [1]. The enzyme includes two glycosyl hydrolase domains, both belonging to the GH1 family. While one domain is responsible for the activity described here, the other catalyses the reaction of EC 3.2.1.108, lactase [4,5]. cf. EC 3.2.1.45, glucosylceramidase and EC 3.2.1.46, galactosylceramidase.
Links to other databases: BRENDA, EXPASY, KEGG, MetaCyc, CAS registry number: 9033-10-7
References:
1.  Malathi, P. and Crane, R.K. Phlorizin hydrolase: a β-glucosidase of hamster intestinal brush border membrane. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 173 (1969) 245–256. [DOI] [PMID: 5774775]
2.  Lorenz-Meyer, H., Blum, A.L., Haemmerli, H.P. and Semenza, G. A second enzyme defect in acquired lactase deficiency: lack of small-intestinal phlorizin-hydrolase. Eur. J. Clin. Invest. 2 (1972) 326–331. [DOI] [PMID: 5082068]
3.  Leese, H.J. and Semenza, G. On the identity between the small intestinal enzymes phlorizin hydrolase and glycosylceramidase. J. Biol. Chem. 248 (1973) 8170–8173. [DOI] [PMID: 4752949]
4.  Zecca, L., Mesonero, J.E., Stutz, A., Poiree, J.C., Giudicelli, J., Cursio, R., Gloor, S.M. and Semenza, G. Intestinal lactase-phlorizin hydrolase (LPH): the two catalytic sites; the role of the pancreas in pro-LPH maturation. FEBS Lett. 435 (1998) 225–228. [DOI] [PMID: 9762914]
5.  Arribas, J.C., Herrero, A.G., Martin-Lomas, M., Canada, F.J., He, S. and Withers, S.G. Differential mechanism-based labeling and unequivocal activity assignment of the two active sites of intestinal lactase/phlorizin hydrolase. Eur. J. Biochem. 267 (2000) 6996–7005. [DOI] [PMID: 11106409]
6.  Nemeth, K., Plumb, G.W., Berrin, J.G., Juge, N., Jacob, R., Naim, H.Y., Williamson, G., Swallow, D.M. and Kroon, P.A. Deglycosylation by small intestinal epithelial cell β-glucosidases is a critical step in the absorption and metabolism of dietary flavonoid glycosides in humans. Eur J Nutr 42 (2003) 29–42. [DOI] [PMID: 12594539]
[EC 3.2.1.62 created 1972, modified 1976, modified 2022]
 
 
EC 3.5.1.109     
Accepted name: sphingomyelin deacylase
Reaction: (1) an N-acyl-sphingosylphosphorylcholine + H2O = a fatty acid + sphingosylphosphorylcholine
(2) a D-glucosyl-N-acylsphingosine + H2O = a fatty acid + D-glucosyl-sphingosine
Glossary: sphingomyelin = N-acyl-sphingosylphosphorylcholine
D-glucosyl-N-acylsphingosine = glucosylceramide
Other name(s): SM deacylase; GcSM deacylase; glucosylceramide sphingomyelin deacylase; sphingomyelin glucosylceramide deacylase; SM glucosylceramide GCer deacylase; SM-GCer deacylase; SMGCer deacylase
Systematic name: N-acyl-sphingosylphosphorylcholine amidohydrolase
Comments: The enzyme is involved in the sphingolipid metabolism in the epidermis.
Links to other databases: BRENDA, EXPASY, KEGG, MetaCyc
References:
1.  Hara, J., Higuchi, K., Okamoto, R., Kawashima, M. and Imokawa, G. High-expression of sphingomyelin deacylase is an important determinant of ceramide deficiency leading to barrier disruption in atopic dermatitis. J. Invest. Dermatol. 115 (2000) 406–413. [DOI] [PMID: 10951276]
2.  Higuchi, K., Hara, J., Okamoto, R., Kawashima, M. and Imokawa, G. The skin of atopic dermatitis patients contains a novel enzyme, glucosylceramide sphingomyelin deacylase, which cleaves the N-acyl linkage of sphingomyelin and glucosylceramide. Biochem. J. 350 (2000) 747–756. [PMID: 10970788]
3.  Ishibashi, M., Arikawa, J., Okamoto, R., Kawashima, M., Takagi, Y., Ohguchi, K. and Imokawa, G. Abnormal expression of the novel epidermal enzyme, glucosylceramide deacylase, and the accumulation of its enzymatic reaction product, glucosylsphingosine, in the skin of patients with atopic dermatitis. Lab. Invest. 83 (2003) 397–408. [PMID: 12649340]
[EC 3.5.1.109 created 2011]
 
 


Data © 2001–2024 IUBMB
Web site © 2005–2024 Andrew McDonald