The Enzyme Database

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EC 1.14.13.140      
Transferred entry: 2-hydroxy-1,4-benzoxazin-3-one monooxygenase. Now EC 1.14.14.110, 2-hydroxy-1,4-benzoxazin-3-one monooxygenase.
[EC 1.14.13.140 created 2012, deleted 2018]
 
 
EC 1.14.14.110     
Accepted name: 2-hydroxy-1,4-benzoxazin-3-one monooxygenase
Reaction: 2-hydroxy-2H-1,4-benzoxazin-3(4H)-one + [reduced NADPH—hemoprotein reductase] + O2 = 2,4-dihydroxy-2H-1,4-benzoxazin-3(4H)-one + [oxidized NADPH—hemoprotein reductase] + H2O
For diagram of benzoxazinone biosynthesis, click here
Glossary: 2,4-dihydroxy-2H-1,4-benzoxazin-3(4H)-one = DIBOA
2-hydroxy-2H-1,4-benzoxazin-3(4H)-one = HBOA
Other name(s): BX5 (gene name); CYP71C3 (gene name)
Systematic name: 2-hydroxy-2H-1,4-benzoxazin-3(4H)-one,[reduced NADPH—hemoprotein reductase]:oxygen oxidoreductase (N-hydroxylating)
Comments: A cytochrome P-450 (heme-thiolate) protein. The enzyme is involved in the biosynthesis of protective and allelophatic benzoxazinoids in some plants, most commonly from the family of Poaceae (grasses).
Links to other databases: BRENDA, EXPASY, KEGG, MetaCyc
References:
1.  Bailey, B.A. and Larson, R.L. Maize microsomal benzoxazinone N-monooxygenase. Plant Physiol. 95 (1991) 792–796. [PMID: 16668055]
2.  Glawischnig, E., Grun, S., Frey, M. and Gierl, A. Cytochrome P450 monooxygenases of DIBOA biosynthesis: specificity and conservation among grasses. Phytochemistry 50 (1999) 925–930. [DOI] [PMID: 10385992]
[EC 1.14.14.110 created 2012 as EC 1.14.13.140, transferred 2018 to EC 1.14.14.110]
 
 
EC 2.4.1.202     
Accepted name: 2,4-dihydroxy-7-methoxy-2H-1,4-benzoxazin-3(4H)-one 2-D-glucosyltransferase
Reaction: (1) UDP-α-D-glucose + 2,4-dihydroxy-7-methoxy-2H-1,4-benzoxazin-3(4H)-one = UDP + (2R)-4-hydroxy-7-methoxy-3-oxo-3,4-dihydro-2H-1,4-benzoxazin-2-yl β-D-glucopyranoside
(2) UDP-α-D-glucose + 2,4-dihydroxy-2H-1,4-benzoxazin-3(4H)-one = UDP + (2R)-4-hydroxy-3-oxo-3,4-dihydro-2H-1,4-benzoxazin-2-yl β-D-glucopyranoside
For diagram of benzoxazinone biosynthesis, click here
Glossary: 2,4-dihydroxy-2H-1,4-benzoxazin-3(4H)-one = DIBOA
2,4-dihydroxy-7-methoxy-2H-1,4-benzoxazin-3(4H)-one = DIMBOA
(2R)-4-hydroxy-3-oxo-3,4-dihydro-2H-1,4-benzoxazin-2-yl β-D-glucopyranoside = DIBOA β-D-glucoside
(2R)-4-hydroxy-7-methoxy-3-oxo-3,4-dihydro-2H-1,4-benzoxazin-2-yl β-D-glucopyranoside = DIMBOA β-D-glucoside
Other name(s): uridine diphosphoglucose-2,4-dihydroxy-7-methoxy-2H-1,4-benzoxazin-3(4H)-one 2-glucosyltransferase; BX8; BX9; benzoxazinoid glucosyltransferase; DIMBOA glucosyltransferase
Systematic name: UDP-α-D-glucose:2,4-dihydroxy-7-methoxy-2H-1,4-benzoxazin-3(4H)-one 2-β-D-glucosyltransferase
Comments: The enzyme is involved in the detoxification of the benzoxazinoids DIBOA (2,4-dihydroxy-2H-1,4-benzoxazin-3(4H)-one) and DIMBOA (2,4-dihydroxy-7-methoxy-2H-1,4-benzoxazin-3(4H)-one) which are stored as the respective non-toxic glucosides in the vacuoles in some plants, most commonly from the family of Poaceae (grasses). Benzoxazinoids are known to exhibit antimicrobial, antifeedant, and antiinsecticidal effects and are involved in the interaction of plants with other plants, insects, or microorganisms.
Links to other databases: BRENDA, EXPASY, KEGG, MetaCyc, CAS registry number: 122544-56-3
References:
1.  Bailey, B.A. and Larson, R.L. Hydroxamic acid glucosyltransferases from maize seedlings. Plant Physiol. 90 (1989) 1071–1076. [PMID: 16666853]
2.  von Rad, U., Huttl, R., Lottspeich, F., Gierl, A. and Frey, M. Two glucosyltransferases are involved in detoxification of benzoxazinoids in maize. Plant J. 28 (2001) 633–642. [DOI] [PMID: 11851909]
[EC 2.4.1.202 created 1992, modified 2012]
 
 
EC 3.2.1.182     
Accepted name: 4-hydroxy-7-methoxy-3-oxo-3,4-dihydro-2H-1,4-benzoxazin-2-yl glucoside β-D-glucosidase
Reaction: (1) (2R)-4-hydroxy-7-methoxy-3-oxo-3,4-dihydro-2H-1,4-benzoxazin-2-yl β-D-glucopyranoside + H2O = 2,4-dihydroxy-7-methoxy-2H-1,4-benzoxazin-3(4H)-one + D-glucose
(2) (2R)-4-hydroxy-3-oxo-3,4-dihydro-2H-1,4-benzoxazin-2-yl β-D-glucopyranoside + H2O = 2,4-dihydroxy-2H-1,4-benzoxazin-3(4H)-one + D-glucose
Glossary: DIMBOA glucoside = (2R)-4-hydroxy-7-methoxy-3-oxo-3,4-dihydro-2H-1,4-benzoxazin-2-yl β-D-glucopyranoside
DIBOA glucoside = (2R)-4-hydroxy-3-oxo-3,4-dihydro-2H-1,4-benzoxazin-2-yl β-D-glucopyranoside
Other name(s): DIMBOAGlc hydrolase; DIMBOA glucosidase
Systematic name: (2R)-4-hydroxy-7-methoxy-3-oxo-3,4-dihydro-2H-1,4-benzoxazin-2-yl β-D-glucopyranoside β-D-glucosidase
Comments: The enzyme from Triticum aestivum (wheat) has a higher affinity for DIMBOA glucoside than DIBOA glucoside. With Secale cereale (rye) the preference is reversed.
Links to other databases: BRENDA, EXPASY, KEGG, MetaCyc, PDB
References:
1.  Sue, M., Ishihara, A. and Iwamura, H. Purification and characterization of a hydroxamic acid glucoside β-glucosidase from wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) seedlings. Planta 210 (2000) 432–438. [PMID: 10750901]
2.  Sue, M., Ishihara, A. and Iwamura, H. Purification and characterization of a β-glucosidase from rye (Secale cereale L.) seedlings. Plant Sci. 155 (2000) 67–74. [DOI] [PMID: 10773341]
3.  Czjzek, M., Cicek, M., Zamboni, V., Bevan, D.R., Henrissat, B. and Esen, A. The mechanism of substrate (aglycone) specificity in β-glucosidases is revealed by crystal structures of mutant maize β-glucosidase-DIMBOA, -DIMBOAGlc, and -dhurrin complexes. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 97 (2000) 13555–13560. [DOI] [PMID: 11106394]
4.  Nikus, J., Esen, A. and Jonsson, L.M.V. Cloning of a plastidic rye (Secale cereale) β-glucosidase cDNA and its expression in Escherichia coli. Physiol. Plantarum 118 (2003) 337–348.
5.  Sue, M., Yamazaki, K., Yajima, S., Nomura, T., Matsukawa, T., Iwamura, H. and Miyamoto, T. Molecular and structural characterization of hexameric β-D-glucosidases in wheat and rye. Plant Physiol. 141 (2006) 1237–1247. [DOI] [PMID: 16751439]
6.  Sue, M., Nakamura, C., Miyamoto, T. and Yajima, S. Active-site architecture of benzoxazinone-glucoside β-D-glucosidases in Triticeae. Plant Sci. 180 (2011) 268–275. [DOI] [PMID: 21421370]
[EC 3.2.1.182 created 2012]
 
 
EC 4.1.2.8     
Accepted name: indole-3-glycerol-phosphate lyase
Reaction: (1S,2R)-1-C-(indol-3-yl)glycerol 3-phosphate = indole + D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate
For diagram of reaction, click here
Other name(s): tryptophan synthase α; TSA; indoleglycerolphosphate aldolase; indole glycerol phosphate hydrolase; indole synthase; indole-3-glycerolphosphate D-glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate-lyase; indole-3-glycerol phosphate lyase; IGL; BX1; (1S,2R)-1-C-(indol-3-yl)glycerol 3-phosphate D-glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate-lyase
Systematic name: (1S,2R)-1-C-(indol-3-yl)glycerol-3-phosphate D-glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate-lyase (indole-forming)
Comments: Forms part of the defence mechanism against insects and microbial pathogens in the grass family, Gramineae, where it catalyses the first committed step in the formation of the cyclic hydroxamic acids 2,4-dihydroxy-2H-1,4-benzoxazin-3(4H)-one (DIBOA) and 2,4-dihydroxy-7-methoxy-2H-1,4-benzoxazin-3(4H)-one (DIMBOA) [1]. This enzyme resembles the α-subunit of EC 4.2.1.20, tryptophan synthase [3], for which, (1S,2R)-1-C-(indol-3-yl)glycerol 3-phosphate is also a substrate, but, unlike tryptophan synthase, its activity is independent of the β-subunit and free indole is released [2].
Links to other databases: BRENDA, EXPASY, KEGG, MetaCyc, PDB, CAS registry number: 9014-52-2
References:
1.  Yanofsky, C. The enzymatic conversion of anthranilic acid to indole. J. Biol. Chem. 223 (1956) 171–184. [PMID: 13376586]
2.  Frey, M., Chomet, P., Glawischnig, E., Stettner, C., Grün, S., Winklmair, A., Eisenreich, W., Bacher, A., Meeley, R.B., Briggs, S.P., Simcox, K. and Gierl, A. Analysis of a chemical plant defense mechanism in grasses. Science 277 (1997) 696–699. [DOI] [PMID: 9235894]
3.  Frey, M., Stettner, C., Paré, P.W., Schmelz, E.A., Tumlinson, J.H. and Gierl, A. An herbivore elicitor activates the gene for indole emission in maize. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 97 (2000) 14801–14806. [DOI] [PMID: 11106389]
4.  Melanson, D., Chilton, M.D., Masters-Moore, D. and Chilton, W.S. A deletion in an indole synthase gene is responsible for the DIMBOA-deficient phenotype of bxbx maize. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 94 (1997) 13345–13350. [DOI] [PMID: 9371848]
[EC 4.1.2.8 created 1961, deleted 1972, reinstated 2006]
 
 


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