The Enzyme Database

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EC 1.14.14.155     Relevance: 100%
Accepted name: 3,6-diketocamphane 1,2-monooxygenase
Reaction: (–)-bornane-2,5-dione + O2 + FMNH2 = (–)-5-oxo-1,2-campholide + FMN + H2O
Glossary: (–)-bornane-2,5-dione = 3,6-diketocamphane
Other name(s): 3,6-diketocamphane lactonizing enzyme; 3,6-DKCMO
Systematic name: (–)-bornane-2,5-dione,FMNH2:oxygen oxidoreductase (1,2-lactonizing)
Comments: A Baeyer-Villiger monooxygenase isolated from camphor-grown strains of Pseudomonas putida and encoded on the cam plasmid. Involved in the degradation of (–)-camphor. Requires a dedicated NADH—FMN reductase [cf. EC 1.5.1.42, FMN reductase (NADH)] [1,2]. The product spontaneously converts to [(1R)-2,2,3-trimethyl-5-oxocyclopent-3-enyl]acetate.
Links to other databases: BRENDA, EAWAG-BBD, EXPASY, KEGG, MetaCyc, PDB
References:
1.  Iwaki, H., Grosse, S., Bergeron, H., Leisch, H., Morley, K., Hasegawa, Y. and Lau, P.C. Camphor pathway redux: functional recombinant expression of 2,5- and 3,6-diketocamphane monooxygenases of Pseudomonas putida ATCC 17453 with their cognate flavin reductase catalyzing Baeyer-Villiger reactions. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 79 (2013) 3282–3293. [PMID: 23524667]
2.  Isupov, M.N., Schroder, E., Gibson, R.P., Beecher, J., Donadio, G., Saneei, V., Dcunha, S.A., McGhie, E.J., Sayer, C., Davenport, C.F., Lau, P.C., Hasegawa, Y., Iwaki, H., Kadow, M., Balke, K., Bornscheuer, U.T., Bourenkov, G. and Littlechild, J.A. The oxygenating constituent of 3,6-diketocamphane monooxygenase from the CAM plasmid of Pseudomonas putida: the first crystal structure of a type II Baeyer-Villiger monooxygenase. Acta Crystallogr. D Biol. Crystallogr. 71 (2015) 2344–2353. [PMID: 26527149]
[EC 1.14.14.155 created 2018]
 
 
EC 1.14.14.108     Relevance: 89.5%
Accepted name: 2,5-diketocamphane 1,2-monooxygenase
Reaction: (+)-bornane-2,5-dione + FMNH2 + O2 = (+)-5-oxo-1,2-campholide + FMN + H2O
For diagram of camphor catabolism, click here
Glossary: (+)-bornane-2,5-dione = 2,5-diketocamphane
Other name(s): 2,5-diketocamphane lactonizing enzyme; ketolactonase I (ambiguous); 2,5-diketocamphane 1,2-monooxygenase oxygenating component; 2,5-DKCMO; camP (gene name); camphor 1,2-monooxygenase; camphor ketolactonase I
Systematic name: (+)-bornane-2,5-dione,FMNH2:oxygen oxidoreductase (1,2-lactonizing)
Comments: A Baeyer-Villiger monooxygenase isolated from camphor-grown strains of Pseudomonas putida and encoded on the cam plasmid. Involved in the degradation of (+)-camphor. Requires a dedicated NADH-FMN reductase [cf. EC 1.5.1.42, FMN reductase (NADH)] [1-3]. Can accept several bicyclic ketones including (+)- and (–)-camphor [6] and adamantanone [4]. The product spontaneously converts to [(1R)-2,2,3-trimethyl-5-oxocyclopent-3-enyl]acetate.
Links to other databases: BRENDA, EAWAG-BBD, EXPASY, KEGG, MetaCyc
References:
1.  Conrad, H.E., DuBus, R., Namtvedt, M.J. and Gunsalus, I.C. Mixed function oxidation. II. Separation and properties of the enzymes catalyzing camphor lactonizaton. J. Biol. Chem. 240 (1965) 495–503. [PMID: 14253460]
2.  Yu, C.A. and Gunsalus, I.C. Monoxygenases. VII. Camphor ketolactonase I and the role of three protein components. J. Biol. Chem. 244 (1969) 6149–6152. [PMID: 4310834]
3.  Taylor, D.G. and Trudgill, P.W. Camphor revisited: studies of 2,5-diketocamphane 1,2-monooxygenase from Pseudomonas putida ATCC 17453. J. Bacteriol. 165 (1986) 489–497. [DOI] [PMID: 3944058]
4.  Selifonov, S.A. Microbial oxidation of adamantanone by Pseudomonas putida carrying the camphor catabolic plasmid. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 186 (1992) 1429–1436. [DOI] [PMID: 1510672]
5.  Jones, K.H., Smith, R.T. and Trudgill, P.W. Diketocamphane enantiomer-specific ’Baeyer-Villiger’ monooxygenases from camphor-grown Pseudomonas putida ATCC 17453. J. Gen. Microbiol. 139 (1993) 797–805. [DOI] [PMID: 8515237]
6.  Kadow, M., Sass, S., Schmidt, M. and Bornscheuer, U.T. Recombinant expression and purification of the 2,5-diketocamphane 1,2-monooxygenase from the camphor metabolizing Pseudomonas putida strain NCIMB 10007. AMB Express 1:13 (2011). [DOI] [PMID: 21906366]
7.  Iwaki, H., Grosse, S., Bergeron, H., Leisch, H., Morley, K., Hasegawa, Y. and Lau, P.C. Camphor pathway redux: functional recombinant expression of 2,5- and 3,6-diketocamphane monooxygenases of Pseudomonas putida ATCC 17453 with their cognate flavin reductase catalyzing Baeyer-Villiger reactions. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 79 (2013) 3282–3293. [PMID: 23524667]
[EC 1.14.14.108 created 1972 as EC 1.14.15.2, transferred 2012 to EC 1.14.13.162, transferred 2018 to EC 1.14.14.108]
 
 
EC 1.14.13.162      
Transferred entry: 2,5-diketocamphane 1,2-monooxygenase. Now EC 1.14.14.108, 2,5-diketocamphane 1,2-monooxygenase
[EC 1.14.13.162 created 1972 as EC 1.14.15.2, transferred 2012 to EC 1.14.13.162, deleted 2018]
 
 
EC 3.7.1.18     Relevance: 82.9%
Accepted name: 6-oxocamphor hydrolase
Reaction: bornane-2,6-dione + H2O = [(1S)-4-hydroxy-2,2,3-trimethylcyclopent-3-enyl]acetate
For diagram of camphor catabolism, click here
Glossary: α-campholonate = (4-hydroxy-2,2,3-trimethylcyclopent-3-enyl)acetate (enol form) = (2,2,3-trimethyl-4-oxocyclopentyl)acetate (keto form)
Other name(s): OCH; camK (gene name)
Systematic name: bornane-2,6-dione hydrolase
Comments: Isolated from Rhodococcus sp. The bornane ring system is cleaved by a retro-Claisen reaction to give the enol of α-campholonate. When separate from the enzyme the enol is tautomerised to the keto form as a 6:1 mixture of [(1S,3R)-2,2,3-trimethyl-4-oxocyclopentyl]acetate and [(1S,3S)-2,2,3-trimethyl-4-oxocyclopentyl]acetate.
Links to other databases: BRENDA, EXPASY, KEGG, MetaCyc, PDB
References:
1.  Grogan, G., Roberts, G.A., Bougioukou, D., Turner, N.J. and Flitsch, S.L. The desymmetrization of bicyclic β-diketones by an enzymatic retro-Claisen reaction. A new reaction of the crotonase superfamily. J. Biol. Chem. 276 (2001) 12565–12572. [DOI] [PMID: 11278926]
2.  Whittingham, J.L., Turkenburg, J.P., Verma, C.S., Walsh, M.A. and Grogan, G. The 2-Å crystal structure of 6-oxo camphor hydrolase. New structural diversity in the crotonase superfamily. J. Biol. Chem. 278 (2003) 1744–1750. [DOI] [PMID: 12421807]
3.  Leonard, P.M. and Grogan, G. Structure of 6-oxo camphor hydrolase H122A mutant bound to its natural product, (2S,4S)-α-campholinic acid: mutant structure suggests an atypical mode of transition state binding for a crotonase homolog. J. Biol. Chem. 279 (2004) 31312–31317. [DOI] [PMID: 15138275]
[EC 3.7.1.18 created 2012]
 
 
EC 1.1.1.327     Relevance: 59%
Accepted name: 5-exo-hydroxycamphor dehydrogenase
Reaction: 5-exo-hydroxycamphor + NAD+ = bornane-2,5-dione + NADH + H+
For diagram of camphor catabolism, click here
Other name(s): F-dehydrogenase; FdeH
Systematic name: 5-exo-hydroxycamphor:NAD+ oxidoreductase
Comments: Contains Zn2+. Isolated from Pseudomonas putida, and involved in degradation of (+)-camphor.
Links to other databases: BRENDA, EAWAG-BBD, EXPASY, KEGG, MetaCyc
References:
1.  Rheinwald, J.G., Chakrabarty, A.M. and Gunsalus, I.C. A transmissible plasmid controlling camphor oxidation in Pseudomonas putida. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 70 (1973) 885–889. [DOI] [PMID: 4351810]
2.  Koga, H., Yamaguchi, E., Matsunaga, K., Aramaki, H. and Horiuchi, T. Cloning and nucleotide sequences of NADH-putidaredoxin reductase gene (camA) and putidaredoxin gene (camB) involved in cytochrome P-450cam hydroxylase of Pseudomonas putida. J. Biochem. 106 (1989) 831–836. [PMID: 2613690]
3.  Aramaki, H., Koga, H., Sagara, Y., Hosoi, M. and Horiuchi, T. Complete nucleotide sequence of the 5-exo-hydroxycamphor dehydrogenase gene on the CAM plasmid of Pseudomonas putida (ATCC 17453). Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1174 (1993) 91–94. [DOI] [PMID: 8334169]
[EC 1.1.1.327 created 2012]
 
 
EC 3.7.1.11     Relevance: 57.1%
Accepted name: cyclohexane-1,2-dione hydrolase
Reaction: cyclohexane-1,2-dione + H2O = 6-oxohexanoate
Other name(s): cyclohexane-1,2-dione acylhydrolase (decyclizing)
Systematic name: cyclohexane-1,2-dione acylhydrolase (ring-opening)
Comments: Highly specific; does not act on cyclohexanone or cyclohexane-1,3-dione as substrate.
Links to other databases: BRENDA, EXPASY, KEGG, MetaCyc, PDB
References:
1.  Harder, J. Anaerobic degradation of cyclohexane-1,2-diol by a new Azoarcus species. Arch. Microbiol. 168 (1997) 199–204.
2.  Fraas, S., Steinbach, A.K., Tabbert, A., Harder, J., Ermler, U., Tittmann, K., Meyer, A. and Kroneck P.M.H. Cyclohexane-1,2-dione hydrolase: A new tool to degrade alicyclic compounds. J. Mol. Catalysis B: Enzymatic 61 (2009) 47–49.
[EC 3.7.1.11 created 2009]
 
 
EC 3.7.1.10     Relevance: 55.7%
Accepted name: cyclohexane-1,3-dione hydrolase
Reaction: cyclohexane-1,3-dione + H2O = 5-oxohexanoate
Other name(s): 1,3-cyclohexanedione hydrolase; cyclohexane-1,3-dione acylhydrolase (decyclizing)
Systematic name: cyclohexane-1,3-dione acylhydrolase (ring-opening)
Comments: Highly specific; does not act on other dione derivatives of cyclohexane, cyclopentane or cycloheptane.
Links to other databases: BRENDA, EXPASY, KEGG, MetaCyc, CAS registry number: 123516-46-1
References:
1.  Dangel, W., Tschech, A. and Fuchs, G. Enzyme-reactions involved in anaerobic cyclohexanol metabolism by a denitrifying Pseudomonas species. Arch. Microbiol. 152 (1989) 273–279. [PMID: 2505723]
[EC 3.7.1.10 created 1992]
 
 
EC 3.7.1.22     Relevance: 54%
Accepted name: 3D-(3,5/4)-trihydroxycyclohexane-1,2-dione acylhydrolase (ring-opening)
Reaction: 3D-3,5/4-trihydroxycyclohexa-1,2-dione + H2O = 5-deoxy-D-glucuronate
For diagram of inositol catabolism, click here
Glossary: 3D-3,5/4-trihydroxycyclohexa-1,2-dione = (3R,4S,5R)-3,4,5-trihydroxycyclohexane-1,2-dione
Other name(s): IolD; THcHDO hydrolase; 3D-3,5/4-trihydroxycyclohexa-1,2-dione hydrolase (decyclizing); 3D-(3,5/4)-trihydroxycyclohexane-1,2-dione acylhydrolase (decyclizing)
Systematic name: 3D-3,5/4-trihydroxycyclohexa-1,2-dione hydrolase (ring-opening)
Comments: The enzyme, found in the bacterium Bacillus subtilis, is part of the myo-inositol degradation pathway leading to acetyl-CoA.
Links to other databases: BRENDA, EXPASY, KEGG, MetaCyc
References:
1.  Yoshida, K., Yamaguchi, M., Morinaga, T., Kinehara, M., Ikeuchi, M., Ashida, H. and Fujita, Y. myo-Inositol catabolism in Bacillus subtilis. J. Biol. Chem. 283 (2008) 10415–10424. [DOI] [PMID: 18310071]
[EC 3.7.1.22 created 2014, modified 2014]
 
 
EC 1.14.99.12     Relevance: 53.4%
Accepted name: androst-4-ene-3,17-dione monooxygenase
Reaction: androstenedione + reduced acceptor + O2 = testololactone + acceptor + H2O
Glossary: androstenedione = androst-4-ene-3,17-dione
testololactone = 3-oxo-13,17-secoandrost-4-eno-17,13-lactone
Other name(s): androstene-3,17-dione hydroxylase; androst-4-ene-3,17-dione 17-oxidoreductase; androst-4-ene-3,17-dione hydroxylase; androstenedione monooxygenase; 4-androstene-3,17-dione monooxygenase
Systematic name: androst-4-ene-3,17-dione-hydrogen-donor:oxygen oxidoreductase (13-hydroxylating, lactonizing)
Comments: Has a wide specificity. A single enzyme from the ascomycete Neonectria radicicola (EC 1.14.13.54, ketosteroid monooxygenase) catalyses both this reaction and that catalysed by EC 1.14.99.4, progesterone monooxygenase.
Links to other databases: BRENDA, EXPASY, KEGG, MetaCyc, CAS registry number: 37256-74-9
References:
1.  Prairie, R.L. and Talalay, P. Enzymatic formation of testololactone. Biochemistry 2 (1963) 203–208. [PMID: 13985909]
[EC 1.14.99.12 created 1972, modified 1999]
 
 
EC 2.7.1.189     Relevance: 53.2%
Accepted name: autoinducer-2 kinase
Reaction: ATP + (S)-4,5-dihydroxypentane-2,3-dione = ADP + (S)-4-hydroxypentane-2,3-dione 5-phosphate
Glossary: (S)-4,5-dihydroxypentane-2,3-dione = autoinducer 2 = AI-2
Other name(s): lsrK (gene name)
Systematic name: ATP:(S)-4,5-dihydroxypentane-2,3-dione 5-phosphotransferase
Comments: The enzyme participates in a degradation pathway of the bacterial quorum-sensing autoinducer molecule AI-2.
Links to other databases: BRENDA, EXPASY, KEGG, MetaCyc, PDB
References:
1.  Xavier, K.B., Miller, S.T., Lu, W., Kim, J.H., Rabinowitz, J., Pelczer, I., Semmelhack, M.F. and Bassler, B.L. Phosphorylation and processing of the quorum-sensing molecule autoinducer-2 in enteric bacteria. ACS Chem. Biol. 2 (2007) 128–136. [DOI] [PMID: 17274596]
2.  Roy, V., Fernandes, R., Tsao, C.Y. and Bentley, W.E. Cross species quorum quenching using a native AI-2 processing enzyme. ACS Chem. Biol. 5 (2010) 223–232. [DOI] [PMID: 20025244]
3.  Zhu, J., Hixon, M.S., Globisch, D., Kaufmann, G.F. and Janda, K.D. Mechanistic insights into the LsrK kinase required for autoinducer-2 quorum sensing activation. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 135 (2013) 7827–7830. [DOI] [PMID: 23672516]
[EC 2.7.1.189 created 2015]
 
 
EC 1.14.15.2      
Transferred entry: camphor 1,2-monooxygenase. Now EC 1.14.13.162, 2,5-diketocamphane 1,2-monooxygenase.
[EC 1.14.15.2 created 1972, deleted 2012]
 
 
EC 5.3.1.32     Relevance: 45.9%
Accepted name: (4S)-4-hydroxy-5-phosphooxypentane-2,3-dione isomerase
Reaction: (2S)-2-hydroxy-3,4-dioxopentyl phosphate = 3-hydroxy-2,4-dioxopentyl phosphate
Glossary: (2S)-2-hydroxy-3,4-dioxopentyl phosphate = (4S)-4-hydroxy-5-phosphooxypentane-2,3-dione
(4S)-4,5-dihydroxypentane-2,3-dione = autoinducer 2 = AI-2
Other name(s): lsrG (gene name); phospho-AI-2 isomerase; (4S)-4-hydroxy-5-phosphonooxypentane-2,3-dione aldose-ketose-isomerase; (4S)-4-hydroxy-5-phosphonooxypentane-2,3-dione isomerase; (4S)-4-hydroxy-5-phosphooxypentane-2,3-dione aldose-ketose-isomerase
Systematic name: (2S)-2-hydroxy-3,4-dioxopentyl phosphate aldose-ketose-isomerase
Comments: The enzyme participates in a degradation pathway of the bacterial quorum-sensing autoinducer molecule AI-2.
Links to other databases: BRENDA, EXPASY, KEGG, MetaCyc, PDB
References:
1.  Xavier, K.B., Miller, S.T., Lu, W., Kim, J.H., Rabinowitz, J., Pelczer, I., Semmelhack, M.F. and Bassler, B.L. Phosphorylation and processing of the quorum-sensing molecule autoinducer-2 in enteric bacteria. ACS Chem. Biol. 2 (2007) 128–136. [DOI] [PMID: 17274596]
2.  Marques, J.C., Lamosa, P., Russell, C., Ventura, R., Maycock, C., Semmelhack, M.F., Miller, S.T. and Xavier, K.B. Processing the interspecies quorum-sensing signal autoinducer-2 (AI-2): characterization of phospho-(S)-4,5-dihydroxy-2,3-pentanedione isomerization by LsrG protein. J. Biol. Chem. 286 (2011) 18331–18343. [DOI] [PMID: 21454635]
[EC 5.3.1.32 created 2015]
 
 
EC 1.13.11.25     Relevance: 45.4%
Accepted name: 3,4-dihydroxy-9,10-secoandrosta-1,3,5(10)-triene-9,17-dione 4,5-dioxygenase
Reaction: 3,4-dihydroxy-9,10-secoandrosta-1,3,5(10)-triene-9,17-dione + O2 = 3-hydroxy-5,9,17-trioxo-4,5:9,10-disecoandrosta-1(10),2-dien-4-oate
Other name(s): steroid 4,5-dioxygenase; 3-alkylcatechol 2,3-dioxygenase; 3,4-dihydroxy-9,10-secoandrosta-1,3,5(10)-triene-9,17-dione:oxygen 4,5-oxidoreductase (decyclizing)
Systematic name: 3,4-dihydroxy-9,10-secoandrosta-1,3,5(10)-triene-9,17-dione:oxygen 4,5-oxidoreductase (ring-opening)
Comments: Requires Fe2+. Also acts on 3-isopropylcatechol and 3-tert-butyl-5-methylcatechol.
Links to other databases: BRENDA, EAWAG-BBD, EXPASY, KEGG, MetaCyc, PDB, CAS registry number: 37256-63-6
References:
1.  Gibson, D.T., Wang, K.C., Sih, C.J. and Whitlock, J.H. Mechanisms of steroid oxidation by microorganisms. IX. On the mechanism of ring A cleavage in the degradation of 9,10-seco steroids by microorganisms. J. Biol. Chem. 241 (1966) 551–559. [PMID: 5908121]
[EC 1.13.11.25 created 1972]
 
 
EC 1.14.14.12     Relevance: 44.9%
Accepted name: 3-hydroxy-9,10-secoandrosta-1,3,5(10)-triene-9,17-dione monooxygenase
Reaction: 3-hydroxy-9,10-secoandrosta-1,3,5(10)-triene-9,17-dione + FMNH2 + O2 = 3,4-dihydroxy-9,10-secoandrosta-1,3,5(10)-triene-9,17-dione + FMN + H2O
Other name(s): HsaA
Systematic name: 3-hydroxy-9,10-secoandrosta-1,3,5(10)-triene-9,17-dione,FMNH2:oxygen oxidoreductase
Comments: This bacterial enzyme participates in the degradation of several steroids, including cholesterol and testosterone. It can use either FADH or FMNH2 as flavin cofactor. The enzyme forms a two-component system with a reductase (HsaB) that utilizes NADH to reduce the flavin, which is then transferred to the oxygenase subunit.
Links to other databases: BRENDA, EAWAG-BBD, EXPASY, KEGG, MetaCyc, PDB
References:
1.  Dresen, C., Lin, L.Y., D'Angelo, I., Tocheva, E.I., Strynadka, N. and Eltis, L.D. A flavin-dependent monooxygenase from Mycobacterium tuberculosis involved in cholesterol catabolism. J. Biol. Chem. 285 (2010) 22264–22275. [DOI] [PMID: 20448045]
[EC 1.14.14.12 created 2011]
 
 
EC 1.1.1.320     Relevance: 42.9%
Accepted name: benzil reductase [(S)-benzoin forming]
Reaction: (S)-benzoin + NADP+ = benzil + NADPH + H+
Glossary: (S)-benzoin = (2S)-2-hydroxy-1,2-diphenylethanone
benzil = 1,2-diphenylethane-1,2-dione
Other name(s): YueD
Systematic name: (S)-benzoin:NADP+ oxidoreductase
Comments: The enzyme also reduces 1-phenylpropane-1,2-dione. The enzyme from Bacillus cereus in addition reduces 1,4-naphthoquinone and 1-(4-methylphenyl)-2-phenylethane-1,2-dione with high efficiency [2].
Links to other databases: BRENDA, EXPASY, KEGG, MetaCyc
References:
1.  Maruyama, R., Nishizawa, M., Itoi, Y., Ito, S. and Inoue, M. Isolation and expression of a Bacillus cereus gene encoding benzil reductase. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 75 (2001) 630–633. [PMID: 11745140]
2.  Maruyama, R., Nishizawa, M., Itoi, Y., Ito, S. and Inoue, M. The enzymes with benzil reductase activity conserved from bacteria to mammals. J. Biotechnol. 94 (2002) 157–169. [DOI] [PMID: 11796169]
[EC 1.1.1.320 created 2012]
 
 
EC 2.3.1.245     Relevance: 42.4%
Accepted name: 3-hydroxy-5-phosphooxypentane-2,4-dione thiolase
Reaction: glycerone phosphate + acetyl-CoA = 3-hydroxy-2,4-dioxopentyl phosphate + CoA
Glossary: (4S)-4,5-dihydroxypentane-2,3-dione = autoinducer 2 = AI-2
Other name(s): lsrF (gene name); 3-hydroxy-5-phosphonooxypentane-2,4-dione thiolase
Systematic name: acetyl-CoA:glycerone phosphate C-acetyltransferase
Comments: The enzyme participates in a degradation pathway of the bacterial quorum-sensing autoinducer molecule AI-2.
Links to other databases: BRENDA, EXPASY, KEGG, MetaCyc, PDB
References:
1.  Diaz, Z., Xavier, K.B. and Miller, S.T. The crystal structure of the Escherichia coli autoinducer-2 processing protein LsrF. PLoS One 4:e6820 (2009). [DOI] [PMID: 19714241]
2.  Marques, J.C., Oh, I.K., Ly, D.C., Lamosa, P., Ventura, M.R., Miller, S.T. and Xavier, K.B. LsrF, a coenzyme A-dependent thiolase, catalyzes the terminal step in processing the quorum sensing signal autoinducer-2. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 111 (2014) 14235–14240. [DOI] [PMID: 25225400]
[EC 2.3.1.245 created 2015, modified 2021]
 
 
EC 4.4.1.21     Relevance: 41%
Accepted name: S-ribosylhomocysteine lyase
Reaction: S-(5-deoxy-D-ribos-5-yl)-L-homocysteine = L-homocysteine + (4S)-4,5-dihydroxypentan-2,3-dione
For diagram of autoinducer AI-2 biosynthesis, click here
Other name(s): S-ribosylhomocysteinase; LuxS
Systematic name: S-(5-deoxy-D-ribos-5-yl)-L-homocysteine L-homocysteine-lyase [(4S)-4,5-dihydroxypentan-2,3-dione-forming]
Comments: Contains Fe2+. The 4,5-dihydroxypentan-2,3-dione formed spontaneously cyclizes and combines with borate to form an autoinducer (AI-2) in the bacterial quorum-sensing mechanism, which is used by many bacteria to control gene expression in response to cell density [2].
Links to other databases: BRENDA, EXPASY, KEGG, MetaCyc, PDB, CAS registry number: 37288-63-4
References:
1.  Zhu, J., Dizin, E., Hu, X., Wavbreille, A.S., Park, J. and Pei, D. S-Ribosylhomocysteinase (LuxS) is a mononuclear iron protein. Biochemistry 42 (2003) 4717–4726. [DOI] [PMID: 12705835]
2.  Miller, M.B. and Bassler, B.L. Quorum sensing in bacteria. Annu. Rev. Microbiol. 55 (2001) 165–199. [DOI] [PMID: 11544353]
[EC 4.4.1.21 created 2004]
 
 
EC 1.13.11.50     Relevance: 40.7%
Accepted name: acetylacetone-cleaving enzyme
Reaction: pentane-2,4-dione + O2 = acetate + 2-oxopropanal
Glossary: 2-oxopropanal = methylglyoxal
Other name(s): Dke1; acetylacetone dioxygenase; diketone cleaving dioxygenase; diketone cleaving enzyme
Systematic name: acetylacetone:oxygen oxidoreductase
Comments: An iron(II)-dependent enzyme. Forms the first step in the acetylacetone degradation pathway of Acinetobacter johnsonii. While acetylacetone is by far the best substrate, heptane-3,5-dione, octane-2,4-dione, 2-acetylcyclohexanone and ethyl acetoacetate can also act as substrates.
Links to other databases: BRENDA, EXPASY, KEGG, MetaCyc, PDB, CAS registry number: 524047-53-8
References:
1.  Straganz, G.D., Glieder, A., Brecker, L., Ribbons, D.W. and Steiner, W. Acetylacetone-cleaving enzyme Dke1: a novel C-C-bond-cleaving enzyme from Acinetobacter johnsonii. Biochem. J. 369 (2003) 573–581. [DOI] [PMID: 12379146]
[EC 1.13.11.50 created 2003]
 
 
EC 1.14.15.30     Relevance: 40.2%
Accepted name: 3-ketosteroid 9α-monooxygenase
Reaction: androsta-1,4-diene-3,17-dione + 2 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 2 H+ + O2 = 9α-hydroxyandrosta-1,4-diene-3,17-dione + 2 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + H2O
Other name(s): KshA; 3-ketosteroid 9α-hydroxylase
Systematic name: androsta-1,4-diene-3,17-dione,[reduced ferredoxin]:oxygen oxidoreductase (9α-hydroxylating)
Comments: The enzyme is involved in the cholesterol degradation pathway of several bacterial pathogens, such as Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It forms a two-component system with a ferredoxin reductase (KshB). The enzyme contains a Rieske-type iron-sulfur center and non-heme iron. The product of the enzyme is unstable, and spontaneously converts to 3-hydroxy-9,10-seconandrost-1,3,5(10)-triene-9,17-dione.
Links to other databases: BRENDA, EAWAG-BBD, EXPASY, KEGG, MetaCyc, PDB
References:
1.  Petrusma, M., Dijkhuizen, L. and van der Geize, R. Rhodococcus rhodochrous DSM 43269 3-ketosteroid 9α-hydroxylase, a two-component iron-sulfur-containing monooxygenase with subtle steroid substrate specificity. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 75 (2009) 5300–5307. [DOI] [PMID: 19561185]
2.  Capyk, J.K., D'Angelo, I., Strynadka, N.C. and Eltis, L.D. Characterization of 3-ketosteroid 9α-hydroxylase, a Rieske oxygenase in the cholesterol degradation pathway of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. J. Biol. Chem. 284 (2009) 9937–9946. [DOI] [PMID: 19234303]
3.  Capyk, J.K., Casabon, I., Gruninger, R., Strynadka, N.C. and Eltis, L.D. Activity of 3-ketosteroid 9α-hydroxylase (KshAB) indicates cholesterol side chain and ring degradation occur simultaneously in Mycobacterium tuberculosis. J. Biol. Chem. 286 (2011) 40717–40724. [DOI] [PMID: 21987574]
[EC 1.14.15.30 created 2012 as EC 1.14.13.142, transferred 2018 to EC 1.14.15.30]
 
 
EC 1.14.14.172     Relevance: 40%
Accepted name: 3,5,6-trichloropyridin-2-ol monooxygenase
Reaction: (1) 3,5,6-trichloropyridin-2-ol + FADH2 + O2 = 3,6-dichloropyridine-2,5-dione + Cl- + FAD + H2O
(2) 3,6-dichloropyridine-2,5-diol + FADH2 + O2 = 6-chloro-3-hydroxypyridine-2,5-dione + Cl- + FAD + H2O
(3) 6-chloropyridine-2,3,5-triol + FADH2 + O2 = 3,6-dihydroxypyridine-2,5-dione + Cl- + FAD + H2O
Other name(s): tcpA (gene name)
Systematic name: 3,5,6-trichloropyridin-2-ol,FADH2:oxygen oxidoreductase (dechlorinating)
Comments: The enzyme, characterized from a number of bacterial species, participates in the degradation of 3,5,6-trichloropyridin-2-ol (TCP), a metabolite of the common organophosphorus insecticide chlorpyrifos. The enzyme is a multifunctional flavin-dependent monooxygenase that displaces three chlorine atoms by attacking three different positions in the substrate. Each reaction catalysed by the enzyme displaces a single chlorine and results in formation of a dione, which must be reduced by FADH2 before the monooxygenase could catalyse the next step. The large amount of FADH2 that is required is generated by a dedicated flavin reductase (TcpX). cf. EC 1.14.14.173, 2,4,6-trichlorophenol monooxygenase.
Links to other databases: BRENDA, EXPASY, KEGG, MetaCyc
References:
1.  Li, J., Huang, Y., Hou, Y., Li, X., Cao, H. and Cui, Z. Novel gene clusters and metabolic pathway involved in 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol degradation by Ralstonia sp. strain T6. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 79 (2013) 7445–7453. [PMID: 24056464]
2.  Fang, L., Shi, T., Chen, Y., Wu, X., Zhang, C., Tang, X., Li, Q.X. and Hua, R. Kinetics and catabolic pathways of the insecticide chlorpyrifos, annotation of the degradation genes, and characterization of enzymes TcpA and Fre in Cupriavidus nantongensis X1(T). J. Agric. Food Chem. 67 (2019) 2245–2254. [PMID: 30721044]
[EC 1.14.14.172 created 2020]
 
 
EC 1.14.13.142      
Transferred entry: 3-ketosteroid 9α-monooxygenase. Now EC 1.14.15.30, 3-ketosteroid 9α-monooxygenase
[EC 1.14.13.142 created 2012, deleted 2018]
 
 
EC 1.14.14.14     Relevance: 39.3%
Accepted name: aromatase
Reaction: (1) testosterone + 3 O2 + 3 [reduced NADPH—hemoprotein reductase] = 17β-estradiol + formate + 4 H2O + 3 [oxidized NADPH—hemoprotein reductase] (overall reaction)
(1a) testosterone + O2 + [reduced NADPH—hemoprotein reductase] = 19-hydroxytestosterone + H2O + [oxidized NADPH—hemoprotein reductase]
(1b) 19-hydroxytestosterone + O2 + [reduced NADPH—hemoprotein reductase] = 19-oxotestosterone + 2 H2O + [oxidized NADPH—hemoprotein reductase]
(1c) 19-oxotestosterone + O2 + [reduced NADPH—hemoprotein reductase] = 17β-estradiol + formate + H2O + [oxidized NADPH—hemoprotein reductase]
(2) androst-4-ene-3,17-dione + 3 O2 + 3 [reduced NADPH—hemoprotein reductase] = estrone + formate + 4 H2O + 3 [oxidized NADPH—hemoprotein reductase] (overall reaction)
(2a) androst-4-ene-3,17-dione + O2 + [reduced NADPH—hemoprotein reductase] = 19-hydroxyandrost-4-ene-3,17-dione + H2O + [oxidized NADPH—hemoprotein reductase]
(2b) 19-hydroxyandrost-4-ene-3,17-dione + O2 + [reduced NADPH—hemoprotein reductase] = 19-oxo-androst-4-ene-3,17-dione + 2 H2O + [oxidized NADPH—hemoprotein reductase]
(2c) 19-oxoandrost-4-ene-3,17-dione + O2 + [reduced NADPH—hemoprotein reductase] = estrone + formate + H2O + [oxidized NADPH—hemoprotein reductase]
Other name(s): CYP19A1 (gene name); estrogen synthetase (incorrect)
Systematic name: testosteronel,NADPH—hemoprotein reductase:oxygen oxidoreductase (17β-estradiol-forming)
Comments: A cytochrome P-450. The enzyme catalyses three sequential hydroxylations of the androgens androst-4-ene-3,17-dione and testosterone, resulting in their aromatization and forming the estrogens estrone and 17β-estradiol, respectively. The direct electron donor to the enzyme is EC 1.6.2.4, NADPH—hemoprotein reductase.
Links to other databases: BRENDA, EXPASY, KEGG, MetaCyc, PDB
References:
1.  Thompson, E.A., Jr. and Siiteri, P.K. The involvement of human placental microsomal cytochrome P-450 in aromatization. J. Biol. Chem. 249 (1974) 5373–5378. [PMID: 4370479]
2.  Fishman, J. and Goto, J. Mechanism of estrogen biosynthesis. Participation of multiple enzyme sites in placental aromatase hydroxylations. J. Biol. Chem. 256 (1981) 4466–4471. [PMID: 7217091]
3.  Kellis, J.T., Jr. and Vickery, L.E. Purification and characterization of human placental aromatase cytochrome P-450. J. Biol. Chem. 262 (1987) 4413–4420. [PMID: 3104339]
4.  Ghosh, D., Griswold, J., Erman, M. and Pangborn, W. Structural basis for androgen specificity and oestrogen synthesis in human aromatase. Nature 457 (2009) 219–223. [DOI] [PMID: 19129847]
[EC 1.14.14.14 created 2013]
 
 
EC 2.5.1.124     Relevance: 39.2%
Accepted name: 6-linalyl-2-O,3-dimethylflaviolin synthase
Reaction: geranyl diphosphate + 2-O,3-dimethylflaviolin = diphosphate + 6-linalyl-2-O,3-dimethylflaviolin
Glossary: flaviolin = 2,5,7-trihydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone
2-O,3-dimethylflaviolin = 5,7-dihydroxy-2-methoxy-3-methylnaphthalene-1,4-dione
6-linalyl-2-O,3-dimethylflaviolin = 6-(3,7-dimethylocta-1,6-dien-3-yl)-5,7-dihydroxy-2-methoxy-3-methylnaphthalene-1,4-dione
Other name(s): Fur7; 6-(3,7-dimethylocta-1,6-dien-3-yl)-5,7-dihydroxy-2-methoxy-3-methylnaphthalene-1,4-dione synthase
Systematic name: geranyl-diphosphate:2-O-methyl-3-methylflaviolin geranyltransferase (6-linalyl-2-O,3-dimethylflaviolin-forming)
Comments: The enzyme is involved in biosynthesis of the polyketide-isoprenoid furaquinocin D in the bacterium Streptomyces sp. KO-3988. It catalyses the transfer of a geranyl group to 2-O,3-dimethylflaviolin to yield 6-linalyl-2-O,3-dimethylflaviolin and 7-O-geranyl-2-O,3-dimethylflaviolin (cf. EC 2.5.1.125, 7-geranyloxy-5-hydroxy-2-methoxy-3-methylnaphthalene-1,4-dione synthase) in a 10:1 ratio.
Links to other databases: BRENDA, EXPASY, KEGG, MetaCyc
References:
1.  Kumano, T., Tomita, T., Nishiyama, M. and Kuzuyama, T. Functional characterization of the promiscuous prenyltransferase responsible for furaquinocin biosynthesis: identification of a physiological polyketide substrate and its prenylated reaction products. J. Biol. Chem. 285 (2010) 39663–39671. [DOI] [PMID: 20937800]
[EC 2.5.1.124 created 2014]
 
 
EC 3.7.1.7     Relevance: 37.5%
Accepted name: β-diketone hydrolase
Reaction: nonane-4,6-dione + H2O = pentan-2-one + butanoate
Other name(s): oxidized PVA hydrolase
Systematic name: nonane-4,6-dione acylhydrolase
Comments: Also acts on the product of the action of EC 1.1.3.18 secondary-alcohol oxidase, on polyvinyl alcohols; involved in the bacterial degradation of polyvinyl alcohol.
Links to other databases: BRENDA, EXPASY, KEGG, MetaCyc, PDB, CAS registry number: 97955-12-9
References:
1.  Sakai, K., Hamada, N. and Watanabe, Y. Separation of secondary alcohol oxidase and oxidized poly(vinyl alcohol) hydrolase by hydrophobic and dye-ligand chromatographies. Agric. Biol. Chem. 47 (1983) 153–155.
2.  Sakai, K., Hamada, N. and Watanabe, Y. A new enzyme, β-diketone hydrolase: a component of a poly(vinyl alcohol)-degrading enzyme preparation. Agric. Biol. Chem. 49 (1985) 1901–1902.
[EC 3.7.1.7 created 1989]
 
 
EC 1.14.99.24     Relevance: 37.4%
Accepted name: steroid 9α-monooxygenase
Reaction: pregna-4,9(11)-diene-3,20-dione + reduced acceptor + O2 = 9,11α-epoxypregn-4-ene-3,20-dione + acceptor + H2O
Other name(s): steroid 9α-hydroxylase
Systematic name: steroid,hydrogen-donor:oxygen oxidoreductase (9-epoxidizing)
Comments: An enzyme system involving a flavoprotein (FMN) and two iron-sulfur proteins.
Links to other databases: BRENDA, EXPASY, KEGG, MetaCyc, CAS registry number: 82869-33-8
References:
1.  Strijewski, A. The steroid-9α-hydroxylation system from Nocardia species. Eur. J. Biochem. 128 (1982) 125–135. [DOI] [PMID: 7173200]
[EC 1.14.99.24 created 1986]
 
 
EC 2.5.1.125     Relevance: 37.1%
Accepted name: 7-geranyloxy-5-hydroxy-2-methoxy-3-methylnaphthalene-1,4-dione synthase
Reaction: geranyl diphosphate + 2-O,3-dimethylflaviolin = diphosphate + 7-O-geranyl-2-O,3-dimethylflaviolin
Glossary: flaviolin = 2,5,7-trihydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone
2-O,3-dimethylflaviolin = 5,7-dihydroxy-2-methoxy-3-methylnaphthalene-1,4-dione
7-O-geranyl-2-O,3-dimethylflaviolin = 7-{[(2E)-3,7-dimethylocta-2,6-dien-1-yl]oxy}-5-hydroxy-2-methoxy-3-methylnaphthalene-1,4-dione
Other name(s): Fur7
Systematic name: geranyl-diphosphate:2-O,3-dimethylflaviolin geranyltransferase (7-O-geranyl-2-O,3-dimethylflaviolin-forming)
Comments: The enzyme is involved in furaquinocin biosynthesis in the bacterium Streptomyces sp. KO-3988. It catalyses the transfer of a geranyl group to 2-O,3-dimethylflaviolin to yield 7-O-geranyl-2-O,3-dimethylflaviolin and 6-linalyl-2-O,3-dimethylflaviolin (cf. EC 2.5.1.124, 6-linalyl-2-O,3-dimethylflaviolin synthase) in a 1:10 ratio.
Links to other databases: BRENDA, EXPASY, KEGG, MetaCyc
References:
1.  Kumano, T., Tomita, T., Nishiyama, M. and Kuzuyama, T. Functional characterization of the promiscuous prenyltransferase responsible for furaquinocin biosynthesis: identification of a physiological polyketide substrate and its prenylated reaction products. J. Biol. Chem. 285 (2010) 39663–39671. [DOI] [PMID: 20937800]
[EC 2.5.1.125 created 2014]
 
 
EC 1.17.99.11     Relevance: 36.9%
Accepted name: 3-oxo-Δ1-steroid hydratase/dehydrogenase
Reaction: a 3-oxo-Δ1-steroid + H2O + acceptor = a steroid 1,3-dione + reduced acceptor (overall reaction)
(1a) a 3-oxo-Δ1-steroid + H2O = a 1-hydroxy-3-oxo-steroid
(1b) a 1-hydroxy-3-oxo-steroid + acceptor = a steroid 1,3-dione + reduced acceptor
Glossary: Δ1-dihydrotestosterone = 17β-hydroxy-5α-androst-1-en-3-one
Other name(s): atcABC (gene names)
Systematic name: 3-oxo-Δ1-steroid:acceptor 1-oxidoreductase
Comments: A molybdenum enzyme. The enzyme, characterized from the bacterium Steroidobacter denitrificans, is involved in the anaetrobic degradation of steroids. It is specific to 3-oxo-Δ1-steroids such as androsta-1-ene-3,17-dione and Δ1-dihydrotestosterone and does not act on 3-oxo-Δ4-steroids.
Links to other databases: BRENDA, EXPASY, KEGG, MetaCyc
References:
1.  Yang, F.C., Chen, Y.L., Tang, S.L., Yu, C.P., Wang, P.H., Ismail, W., Wang, C.H., Ding, J.Y., Yang, C.Y., Yang, C.Y. and Chiang, Y.R. Integrated multi-omics analyses reveal the biochemical mechanisms and phylogenetic relevance of anaerobic androgen biodegradation in the environment. ISME J. 10 (2016) 1967–1983. [DOI] [PMID: 26872041]
[EC 1.17.99.11 created 2020]
 
 
EC 1.1.1.198     Relevance: 36.8%
Accepted name: (+)-borneol dehydrogenase
Reaction: (+)-borneol + NAD+ = (+)-camphor + NADH + H+
For diagram of bornane and related monoterpenoids, click here
Other name(s): bicyclic monoterpenol dehydrogenase
Systematic name: (+)-borneol:NAD+ oxidoreductase
Comments: NADP+ can also act, but more slowly.
Links to other databases: BRENDA, EXPASY, KEGG, MetaCyc, PDB, CAS registry number: 111940-47-7
References:
1.  Croteau, R., Hooper, C.L. and Felton, M. Biosynthesis of monoterpenes. Partial purification and characterization of a bicyclic monoterpenol dehydrogenase from sage (Salvia officinalis). Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 188 (1978) 182–193. [DOI] [PMID: 677891]
2.  Dehal, S.S. and Croteau, R. Metabolism of monoterpenes: specificity of the dehydrogenases responsible for the biosynthesis of camphor, 3-thujone, and 3-isothujone. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 258 (1987) 287–291. [DOI] [PMID: 3310901]
[EC 1.1.1.198 created 1984, modified 1990 (EC 1.1.1.182 created 1983, part incorporated 1990)]
 
 
EC 3.5.2.12     Relevance: 36.4%
Accepted name: 6-aminohexanoate-cyclic-dimer hydrolase
Reaction: 1,8-diazacyclotetradecane-2,9-dione + H2O = N-(6-aminohexanoyl)-6-aminohexanoate
Systematic name: 1,8-diazacyclotetradecane-2,9-dione lactamhydrolase
Comments: The cyclic dimer of 6-aminohexanoate is converted to the linear dimer.
Links to other databases: BRENDA, EAWAG-BBD, EXPASY, KEGG, MetaCyc, PDB, CAS registry number: 60976-29-6
References:
1.  Kinoshita, S., Negoro, S., Muramatsu, M., Bisaria, V.S., Sawada, S. and Okada, H. 6-Aminohexanoic acid cyclic dimer hydrolase. A new cyclic amide hydrolase produced by Achromobacter guttatus KI74. Eur. J. Biochem. 80 (1977) 489–495. [DOI] [PMID: 923591]
[EC 3.5.2.12 created 1983]
 
 
EC 1.1.1.353     Relevance: 36%
Accepted name: versiconal hemiacetal acetate reductase
Reaction: (1) versicolorone + NADP+ = 1′-hydroxyversicolorone + NADPH + H+
(2) versiconol acetate + NADP+ = versiconal hemiacetal acetate + NADPH + H+
(3) versiconol + NADP+ = versiconal + NADPH + H+
Glossary: 1′-hydroxyversicolorone = (2S,3S)-2,4,6,8-tetrahydroxy-3-(3-oxobutyl)anthra[2,3-b]furan-5,10-dione
versiconal = (2S,3S)-2,4,6,8-tetrahydroxy-3-(2-hydroxyethyl)anthra[2,3-b]furan-5,10-dione
versiconal hemiacetal acetate = 2-[(2S,3S)-2,4,6,8-tetrahydroxy-5,10-dioxo-5,10-dihydroanthra[2,3-b]furan-3-yl]ethyl acetate
versiconol = 1,3,6,8-tetrahydroxy-3-[(2S)-1,4-dihydroxybutan-2-yl]anthracene-5,10-dione
versiconol acetate = (3S)-4-hydroxy-3-[1,3,6,8-tetrahydroxy-9,10-dioxo-9,10-dihydroanthracen-2-yl]butyl acetate
versicolorone = 1,3,6,8-tetrahydroxy-2-[(2S)-1-hydroxy-5-oxohexan-2-yl]anthracene-5,10-dione
Other name(s): VHA reductase; VHA reductase I; VHA reductase II; vrdA (gene name)
Systematic name: versiconol-acetate:NADP+ oxidoreductase
Comments: Isolated from the mold Aspergillus parasiticus. Involved in a metabolic grid that leads to aflatoxin biosynthesis.
Links to other databases: BRENDA, EXPASY, KEGG, MetaCyc
References:
1.  Matsushima, K., Ando, Y., Hamasaki, T. and Yabe, K. Purification and characterization of two versiconal hemiacetal acetate reductases involved in aflatoxin biosynthesis. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 60 (1994) 2561–2567. [PMID: 16349333]
2.  Shima, Y., Shiina, M., Shinozawa, T., Ito, Y., Nakajima, H., Adachi, Y. and Yabe, K. Participation in aflatoxin biosynthesis by a reductase enzyme encoded by vrdA gene outside the aflatoxin gene cluster. Fungal Genet. Biol. 46 (2009) 221–231. [DOI] [PMID: 19211038]
[EC 1.1.1.353 created 2013]
 
 
EC 1.4.3.26     Relevance: 34.8%
Accepted name: pre-mycofactocin synthase
Reaction: 3-amino-5-[(4-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]-4,4-dimethylpyrrolidin-2-one + O2 + H2O = 5-[(4-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]-4,4-dimethylpyrrolidine-2,3-dione + NH3 + H2O2 (overall reaction)
(1a) 3-amino-5-[(4-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]-4,4-dimethylpyrrolidin-2-one + O2 = 5-[(4-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]-3-imino-4,4-dimethylpyrrolidin-2-one + H2O2
(1b) 5-[(4-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]-3-imino-4,4-dimethylpyrrolidin-2-one + H2O = 5-[(4-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]-4,4-dimethylpyrrolidine-2,3-dione + NH3 (spontaneous)
Glossary: 5-[(4-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]-4,4-dimethylpyrrolidine-2,3-dione = pre-mycofactocinone = PMFT
Other name(s): mftD (gene name)
Systematic name: 3-amino-5-[(4-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]-4,4-dimethylpyrrolidin-2-one:oxygen oxidoreductase
Comments: A flavoprotein (FMN). The enzyme participates in the biosynthesis of the enzyme cofactor mycofactocin. The enzyme uses oxygen as an electron source to oxidize a C-N bond, followed by spontaneous exchange with water to form an α-keto moiety on the resulting molecule.
Links to other databases: BRENDA, EXPASY, KEGG, MetaCyc
References:
1.  Ayikpoe, R.S. and Latham, J.A. MftD catalyzes the formation of a biologically active redox center in the biosynthesis of the ribosomally synthesized and post-translationally modified redox cofactor mycofactocin. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 141 (2019) 13582–13591. [DOI] [PMID: 31381312]
[EC 1.4.3.26 created 2020]
 
 
EC 2.5.1.123     Relevance: 34.3%
Accepted name: flaviolin linalyltransferase
Reaction: geranyl diphosphate + flaviolin = 3-linalylflaviolin + diphosphate
For diagram of flaviolin metabolism, click here
Glossary: flaviolin = 2,5,7-trihydroxynaphthalene-1,4-dione
3-linalylflaviolin = 2,5,7-trihydroxy-3-(3,7-dimethylocta-1,6-dien-3-yl)naphthalene-1,4-dione
Other name(s): Fnq26
Systematic name: geranyl-diphosphate:flaviolin 3-linalyltransferase
Comments: Does not require Mg2+ or any other metal ions. Isolated from the bacterium Streptomyces cinnamonensis. In vitro the enzyme also forms traces of 3-geranylflaviolin.
Links to other databases: BRENDA, EXPASY, KEGG, MetaCyc
References:
1.  Haagen, Y., Unsold, I., Westrich, L., Gust, B., Richard, S.B., Noel, J.P. and Heide, L. A soluble, magnesium-independent prenyltransferase catalyzes reverse and regular C-prenylations and O-prenylations of aromatic substrates. FEBS Lett. 581 (2007) 2889–2893. [DOI] [PMID: 17543953]
[EC 2.5.1.123 created 2014]
 
 
EC 4.2.1.143     Relevance: 33.9%
Accepted name: versicolorin B synthase
Reaction: versiconal = versicolorin B + H2O
For diagram of aflatoxin biosynthesis (part 2), click here
Glossary: versiconal = (2S,3S)-2,4,6,8-tetrahydroxy-3-(2-hydroxyethyl)anthra[2,3-b]furan-5,10-dione
versicolorin B = (3aR,12bS)-8,10,12-trihydroxy-1,2,3a,12b-tetrahydroanthra[2,3-b]furo[3,2-d]furan-6,11-dione
Other name(s): versiconal cyclase; VBS
Systematic name: versiconal hydro-lyase (versicolorin-B-forming)
Comments: Isolated from the aflatoxin-producing mold Aspergillus parasiticus. Involved in aflatoxin biosynthesis.
Links to other databases: BRENDA, EXPASY, KEGG, MetaCyc
References:
1.  Lin, B.K. and Anderson, J.A. Purification and properties of versiconal cyclase from Aspergillus parasiticus. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 293 (1992) 67–70. [DOI] [PMID: 1731640]
2.  McGuire, S.M., Silva, J.C., Casillas, E.G. and Townsend, C.A. Purification and characterization of versicolorin B synthase from Aspergillus parasiticus. Catalysis of the stereodifferentiating cyclization in aflatoxin biosynthesis essential to DNA interaction. Biochemistry 35 (1996) 11470–11486. [DOI] [PMID: 8784203]
3.  Silva, J.C., Minto, R.E., Barry, C.E., 3rd, Holland, K.A. and Townsend, C.A. Isolation and characterization of the versicolorin B synthase gene from Aspergillus parasiticus. Expansion of the aflatoxin b1 biosynthetic gene cluster. J. Biol. Chem. 271 (1996) 13600–13608. [DOI] [PMID: 8662689]
4.  Silva, J.C. and Townsend, C.A. Heterologous expression, isolation, and characterization of versicolorin B synthase from Aspergillus parasiticus. A key enzyme in the aflatoxin B1 biosynthetic pathway. J. Biol. Chem. 272 (1997) 804–813. [DOI] [PMID: 8995367]
[EC 4.2.1.143 created 2013]
 
 
EC 4.2.1.44     Relevance: 33.5%
Accepted name: myo-inosose-2 dehydratase
Reaction: 2,4,6/3,5-pentahydroxycyclohexanone = 3,5/4-trihydroxycyclohexa-1,2-dione + H2O
For diagram of inositol catabolism, click here
Other name(s): inosose 2,3-dehydratase; ketoinositol dehydratase; 2,4,6/3,5-pentahydroxycyclohexanone hydro-lyase
Systematic name: 2,4,6/3,5-pentahydroxycyclohexanone hydro-lyase (3,5/4-trihydroxycyclohexa-1,2-dione-forming)
Comments: Requires Co2+ or Mn2+.
Links to other databases: BRENDA, EXPASY, KEGG, MetaCyc, PDB, CAS registry number: 37290-79-2
References:
1.  Berman, T. and Magasanik, B. The pathway of myo-inositol degradation in Aerobacter aerogenes. Dehydrogenation and dehydration. J. Biol. Chem. 241 (1966) 800–806. [PMID: 5905122]
[EC 4.2.1.44 created 1972]
 
 
EC 1.3.1.30      
Transferred entry: EC 1.3.1.30, progesterone 5α-reductase, transferred to EC 1.3.1.22, 3-oxo-5α-steroid 4-dehydrogenase (NADP+).
[EC 1.3.1.30 created 1978, deleted 2012]
 
 
EC 5.3.3.11     Relevance: 33.2%
Accepted name: isopiperitenone Δ-isomerase
Reaction: isopiperitenone = piperitenone
For diagram of (–)-carvone, perillyl aldehyde and pulegone biosynthesis, click here
Systematic name: isopiperitenone Δ8-Δ4-isomerase
Comments: Involved in the biosynthesis of menthol and related monoterpenes in peppermint (Mentha piperita) leaves.
Links to other databases: BRENDA, EXPASY, KEGG, MetaCyc, CAS registry number: 96595-07-2
References:
1.  Kjonaas, R.B., Venkatachalam, K.V. and Croteau, R. Metabolism of monoterpenes: oxidation of isopiperitenol to isopiperitenone, and subsequent isomerization to piperitenone by soluble enzyme preparations from peppermint (Mentha piperita) leaves. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 238 (1985) 49–60. [DOI] [PMID: 3885858]
[EC 5.3.3.11 created 1989]
 
 
EC 3.5.2.14     Relevance: 33%
Accepted name: N-methylhydantoinase (ATP-hydrolysing)
Reaction: ATP + N-methylhydantoin + 2 H2O = ADP + phosphate + N-carbamoylsarcosine
For diagram of creatine biosynthesis, click here
Glossary: N-methylhydantoin = N-methylimidazolidine-2,4-dione
Other name(s): N-methylhydantoin amidohydrolase; methylhydantoin amidase; N-methylhydantoin hydrolase; N-methylhydantoinase; N-methylimidazolidine-2,4-dione amidohydrolase (ATP-hydrolysing)
Systematic name: N-methylhydantoin amidohydrolase (ATP-hydrolysing)
Links to other databases: BRENDA, EXPASY, KEGG, MetaCyc, CAS registry number: 100785-00-0
References:
1.  Kim, J.M., Shimizu, S. and Yamada, H. Amidohydrolysis of N-methylhydantoin coupled with ATP hydrolysis. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 142 (1987) 1006–1012. [DOI] [PMID: 3827889]
[EC 3.5.2.14 created 1989]
 
 
EC 2.4.1.360     Relevance: 32.9%
Accepted name: 2-hydroxyflavanone C-glucosyltransferase
Reaction: UDP-α-D-glucose + a 2′-hydroxy-β-oxodihydrochalcone = UDP + a 3′-(β-D-glucopyranosyl)-2′-hydroxy-β-oxodihydrochalcone
Glossary: 2′-hydroxy-β-oxodihydrochalcone = 1-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-3-phenypropan-1,3-dione
3′-(β-D-glucopyranosyl)-2′-hydroxy-β-oxodihydrochalcone = 1-(3-(β-D-glucopyranosyl)-2-hydroxyphenyl)-3-phenylpropan-1,3-dione
Other name(s): OsCGT
Systematic name: UDP-α-D-glucose:2′-hydroxy-β-oxodihydrochalcone C6/8-β-D-glucosyltransferase
Comments: The enzyme has been characterized in Oryza sativa (rice), various Citrus spp., Glycine max (soybean), and Fagopyrum esculentum (buckwheat). Flavanone substrates require a 2-hydroxy group. The meta-stable flavanone substrates such as 2-hydroxynaringenin exist in an equilibrium with open forms such as 1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-3-(2,4,6-trihydroxyphenyl)propane-1,3-dione, which are the actual substrates for the glucosyl-transfer reaction (see EC 1.14.14.162, flavanone 2-hydroxylase). The enzyme can also act on dihydrochalcones. The enzymes from citrus plants can catalyse a second C-glycosylation reaction at position 5.
Links to other databases: BRENDA, EXPASY, KEGG, MetaCyc, PDB
References:
1.  Brazier-Hicks, M., Evans, K.M., Gershater, M.C., Puschmann, H., Steel, P.G. and Edwards, R. The C-glycosylation of flavonoids in cereals. J. Biol. Chem. 284 (2009) 17926–17934. [PMID: 19411659]
2.  Nagatomo, Y., Usui, S., Ito, T., Kato, A., Shimosaka, M. and Taguchi, G. Purification, molecular cloning and functional characterization of flavonoid C-glucosyltransferases from Fagopyrum esculentum M. (buckwheat) cotyledon. Plant J. 80 (2014) 437–448. [PMID: 25142187]
3.  Hirade, Y., Kotoku, N., Terasaka, K., Saijo-Hamano, Y., Fukumoto, A. and Mizukami, H. Identification and functional analysis of 2-hydroxyflavanone C-glucosyltransferase in soybean (Glycine max). FEBS Lett. 589 (2015) 1778–1786. [PMID: 25979175]
4.  Ito, T., Fujimoto, S., Suito, F., Shimosaka, M. and Taguchi, G. C-Glycosyltransferases catalyzing the formation of di-C-glucosyl flavonoids in citrus plants. Plant J. 91 (2017) 187–198. [DOI] [PMID: 28370711]
[EC 2.4.1.360 created 2018]
 
 
EC 1.14.13.176      
Transferred entry: tryprostatin B 6-hydroxylase. Now EC 1.14.14.118, tryprostatin B 6-hydroxylase
[EC 1.14.13.176 created 2013, deleted 2018]
 
 
EC 1.3.3.13     Relevance: 31.3%
Accepted name: albonoursin synthase
Reaction: cyclo(L-leucyl-L-phenylalanyl) + 2 O2 = albonoursin + 2 H2O2 (overall reaction)
(1a) cyclo(L-leucyl-L-phenylalanyl) + O2 = cyclo[(Z)-α,β-didehydrophenylalanyl-L-leucyl] + H2O2
(1b) cyclo[(Z)-α,β-didehydrophenylalanyl-L-leucyl] + O2 = albonoursin + H2O2
For diagram of cyclic dipeptide biosynthesis, click here
Glossary: cyclo(L-leucyl-L-phenylalanyl) = (3S,6S)-3-benzyl-6-(2-methylpropyl)piperazine-2,5-dione
cyclo[(Z)-α,β-didehydrophenylalanyl-L-leucyl] = (3Z,6S)-3-benzylidene-6-(2-methylpropyl)piperazine-2,5-dione
albonoursin = (3Z,6Z)-3-benzylidene-6-(2-methylpropylidene)piperazine-2,5-dione
Other name(s): cyclo(dipeptide):oxygen oxidoreductase; cyclic dipeptide oxidase; AlbA
Systematic name: cyclo(L-leucyl-L-phenylalanyl):oxygen oxidoreductase
Comments: A flavoprotein from the bacterium Streptomyces noursei. The enzyme can also oxidize several other cyclo dipeptides, the best being cyclo(L-tryptophyl-L-tryptophyl) and cyclo(L-phenylalanyl-L-phenylalanyl) [1,2].
Links to other databases: BRENDA, EXPASY, KEGG, MetaCyc
References:
1.  Gondry, M., Lautru, S., Fusai, G., Meunier, G., Menez, A. and Genet, R. Cyclic dipeptide oxidase from Streptomyces noursei. Isolation, purification and partial characterization of a novel, amino acyl α,β-dehydrogenase. Eur. J. Biochem. 268 (2001) 1712–1721. [DOI] [PMID: 11248691]
2.  Lautru, S., Gondry, M., Genet, R. and Pernodet, J.L. The albonoursin gene cluster of S. noursei. Biosynthesis of diketopiperazine metabolites independent of nonribosomal peptide synthetases. Chem. Biol. 9 (2002) 1355–1364. [DOI] [PMID: 12498889]
[EC 1.3.3.13 created 2013]
 
 
EC 1.1.1.243     Relevance: 31.1%
Accepted name: carveol dehydrogenase
Reaction: (–)-trans-carveol + NADP+ = (–)-carvone + NADPH + H+
For diagram of (–)-carvone, perillyl aldehyde and pulegone biosynthesis, click here
Other name(s): (–)-trans-carveol dehydrogenase
Systematic name: (–)-trans-carveol:NADP+ oxidoreductase
Links to other databases: BRENDA, EAWAG-BBD, EXPASY, KEGG, MetaCyc, CAS registry number: 122653-66-1
References:
1.  Gershenzon, J., Maffei, M. and Croteau, R. Biochemical and histochemical-localization of monoterpene biosynthesis in the glandular trichomes of spearmint (Mentha spicata). Plant Physiol. 89 (1989) 1351–1357. [PMID: 16666709]
[EC 1.1.1.243 created 1992]
 
 
EC 1.14.21.10      
Transferred entry: fumitremorgin C synthase. Now EC 1.14.19.71, fumitremorgin C synthase
[EC 1.14.21.10 created 2013, deleted 2018]
 
 
EC 4.2.3.118     Relevance: 31.1%
Accepted name: 2-methylisoborneol synthase
Reaction: (E)-2-methylgeranyl diphosphate + H2O = 2-methylisoborneol + diphosphate
For diagram of bornane and related monoterpenoids, click here and for diagram of reaction, click here
Other name(s): sco7700; 2-MIB cyclase; MIB synthase; MIBS
Systematic name: (E)-2-methylgeranyl-diphosphate diphosphate-lyase (cyclizing, 2-methylisoborneol-forming)
Comments: The product, 2-methylisoborneol, is a characteristc odiferous compound with a musty smell produced by soil microorganisms.
Links to other databases: BRENDA, EXPASY, KEGG, MetaCyc, PDB
References:
1.  Wang, C.M. and Cane, D.E. Biochemistry and molecular genetics of the biosynthesis of the earthy odorant methylisoborneol in Streptomyces coelicolor. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 130 (2008) 8908–8909. [DOI] [PMID: 18563898]
2.  Komatsu, M., Tsuda, M., Omura, S., Oikawa, H. and Ikeda, H. Identification and functional analysis of genes controlling biosynthesis of 2-methylisoborneol. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 105 (2008) 7422–7427. [DOI] [PMID: 18492804]
3.  Giglio, S., Chou, W.K., Ikeda, H., Cane, D.E. and Monis, P.T. Biosynthesis of 2-methylisoborneol in cyanobacteria. Environ. Sci. Technol. 45 (2011) 992–998. [DOI] [PMID: 21174459]
[EC 4.2.3.118 created 2012]
 
 
EC 2.1.1.293     Relevance: 30.9%
Accepted name: 6-hydroxytryprostatin B O-methyltransferase
Reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + 6-hydroxytryprostatin B = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + tryprostatin A
For diagram of fumitremorgin alkaloid biosynthesis (part 1), click here
Glossary: 6-hydroxytryprostatin B = (3S,8aS)-3-{[6-hydroxy-2-(3-methylbut-2-en-1-yl)-1H-indol-3-yl]methyl}hexahydropyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazine-1,4-dione
tryprostatin A = (3S,8aS)-3-{[6-methoxy-2-(3-methylbut-2-en-1-yl)-1H-indol-3-yl]methyl}hexahydropyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazine-1,4-dione
Other name(s): ftmD (gene name)
Systematic name: S-adenosyl-L-methionine:6-hydroxytryprostatin B O-methyltransferase
Comments: Involved in the biosynthetic pathways of several indole alkaloids such as tryprostatins, fumitremorgins and verruculogen.
Links to other databases: BRENDA, EXPASY, KEGG, MetaCyc
References:
1.  Kato, N., Suzuki, H., Okumura, H., Takahashi, S. and Osada, H. A point mutation in ftmD blocks the fumitremorgin biosynthetic pathway in Aspergillus fumigatus strain Af293. Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem. 77 (2013) 1061–1067. [DOI] [PMID: 23649274]
[EC 2.1.1.293 created 2013]
 
 
EC 4.2.1.142     Relevance: 30.8%
Accepted name: 5′-oxoaverantin cyclase
Reaction: 5′-oxoaverantin = (1′S,5′S)-averufin + H2O
For diagram of aflatoxin biosynthesis (part 1), click here
Glossary: 5′-oxoaverantin = 1,3,6,8-tetrahydroxy-2-[(1S)-1-hydroxy-5-oxohexyl]anthracene-9,10-dione
averufin = 7,9,11-trihydroxy-2-methyl-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2,6-epoxy-2H-anthra[2,3-b]oxocin-8,13-dione
Other name(s): OAVN cyclase; 5′-oxoaverantin hydro-lyase [(2′S,5′S)-averufin forming]
Systematic name: 5′-oxoaverantin hydro-lyase [(1′S,5′S)-averufin-forming]
Comments: Isolated from the aflatoxin-producing mold Aspergillus parasiticus. The enzyme also catalyses the conversion of versiconal to versicolorin B (EC 4.2.1.143, versicolorin B synthase). Involved in aflatoxin biosynthesis.
Links to other databases: BRENDA, EXPASY, KEGG, MetaCyc
References:
1.  Sakuno, E., Yabe, K. and Nakajima, H. Involvement of two cytosolic enzymes and a novel intermediate, 5′-oxoaverantin, in the pathway from 5′-hydroxyaverantin to averufin in aflatoxin biosynthesis. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 69 (2003) 6418–6426. [DOI] [PMID: 14602595]
2.  Sakuno, E., Wen, Y., Hatabayashi, H., Arai, H., Aoki, C., Yabe, K. and Nakajima, H. Aspergillus parasiticus cyclase catalyzes two dehydration steps in aflatoxin biosynthesis. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 71 (2005) 2999–3006. [DOI] [PMID: 15932995]
[EC 4.2.1.142 created 2013]
 
 
EC 3.1.7.3     Relevance: 30.8%
Accepted name: monoterpenyl-diphosphatase
Reaction: a monoterpenyl diphosphate + H2O = a monoterpenol + diphosphate
For diagram of bornane and related monoterpenoids, click here
Other name(s): bornyl pyrophosphate hydrolase; monoterpenyl-pyrophosphatase
Systematic name: monoterpenyl-diphosphate diphosphohydrolase
Comments: A group of enzymes with varying specificity for the monoterpenol moiety. One has the highest activity on sterically hindered compounds such as (+)-bornyl diphosphate; another has highest activity on the diphosphates of primary allylic alcohols such as geraniol.
Links to other databases: BRENDA, EXPASY, KEGG, MetaCyc
References:
1.  Croteau, R. and Karp, F. Biosynthesis of monoterpenes: hydrolysis of bornyl pyrophosphate, an essential step in camphor biosynthesis, and hydrolysis of geranyl pyrophosphate, the acyclic precursor of camphor, by enzymes from sage (Salvia officinalis). Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 198 (1979) 523–532. [DOI] [PMID: 42357]
[EC 3.1.7.3 created 1984]
 
 
EC 1.14.14.118     Relevance: 30%
Accepted name: tryprostatin B 6-hydroxylase
Reaction: tryprostatin B + [reduced NADPH—hemoprotein reductase] + O2 = 6-hydroxytryprostatin B + [oxidized NADPH—hemoprotein reductase] + H2O
Glossary: tryprostatin B = (3S,8aS)-3-{[2-(3-methylbut-2-en-1-yl)-1H-indol-3-yl]methyl}hexahydropyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazine-1,4-dione
6-hydroxytryprostatin B = (3S,8aS)-3-{[6-hydroxy-2-(3-methylbut-2-en-1-yl)-1H-indol-3-yl]methyl}hexahydropyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazine-1,4-dione
Other name(s): ftmC (gene name)
Systematic name: tryprostatin B,[reduced NADPH—hemoprotein reductase]:oxygen oxidoreductase (6-hydroxytryprostatin B-forming)
Comments: A cytochrome P-450 (heme-thiolate) protein. Involved in the biosynthetic pathways of several indole alkaloids such as tryprostatins, fumitremorgins and verruculogen.
Links to other databases: BRENDA, EXPASY, KEGG, MetaCyc
References:
1.  Kato, N., Suzuki, H., Takagi, H., Asami, Y., Kakeya, H., Uramoto, M., Usui, T., Takahashi, S., Sugimoto, Y. and Osada, H. Identification of cytochrome P450s required for fumitremorgin biosynthesis in Aspergillus fumigatus. ChemBioChem 10 (2009) 920–928. [DOI] [PMID: 19226505]
[EC 1.14.14.118 created 2013 as EC 1.14.13.176, transferred 2018 to EC 1.14.14.118]
 
 
EC 5.5.1.28     Relevance: 29.8%
Accepted name: (–)-kolavenyl diphosphate synthase
Reaction: geranylgeranyl diphosphate = (–)-kolavenyl diphosphate
For diagram of (–)-kolavenyl diphosphate derived diterpenoids, click here
Glossary: (–)-kolavenyl diphosphate = (2E)-5-[(1R,2S,4aS,8aS)-1,2,4a,5-tetramethyl-1,2,3,4,4a,7,8,8a-octahydronaphthalen-1-yl]-3-methylpent-2-en-1-yl diposphate
Other name(s): SdKPS; TwTPS14; TwTPS10/KPS; SdCPS2; clerodienyl diphosphate synthase; CLPP
Systematic name: (–)-kolavenyl diphosphate lyase (ring-opening)
Comments: Isolated from the hallucinogenic plant Salvia divinorum (seer’s sage) and the medicinal plant Tripterygium wilfordii (thunder god vine).
Links to other databases: BRENDA, EXPASY, KEGG, MetaCyc
References:
1.  Hansen, N.L., Heskes, A.M., Hamberger, B., Olsen, C.E., Hallstrom, B.M., Andersen-Ranberg, J. and Hamberger, B. The terpene synthase gene family in Tripterygium wilfordii harbors a labdane-type diterpene synthase among the monoterpene synthase TPS-b subfamily. Plant J. 89 (2017) 429–441. [DOI] [PMID: 27801964]
2.  Chen, X., Berim, A., Dayan, F.E. and Gang, D.R. A (–)-kolavenyl diphosphate synthase catalyzes the first step of salvinorin A biosynthesis in Salvia divinorum. J. Exp. Bot. 68 (2017) 1109–1122. [DOI] [PMID: 28204567]
[EC 5.5.1.28 created 2017]
 
 
EC 4.2.3.186     Relevance: 29.8%
Accepted name: ent-13-epi-manoyl oxide synthase
Reaction: ent-8α-hydroxylabd-13-en-15-yl diphosphate = ent-13-epi-manoyl oxide + diphosphate
For diagram of (–)-kolavenyl diphosphate derived diterpenoids, click here
Glossary: Ent-13-epi-manoyl oxide = (13R)-ent-8,13-epoxylabd-14-ene
Other name(s): SmKSL2; ent-LDPP synthase
Systematic name: ent-8α-hydroxylabd-13-en-15-yl-diphosphate diphosphate-lyase (cyclizing, ent-13-epi-manoyl-oxide-forming)
Comments: Isolated from the plant Salvia miltiorrhiza (red sage).
Links to other databases: BRENDA, EXPASY, KEGG, MetaCyc
References:
1.  Cui, G., Duan, L., Jin, B., Qian, J., Xue, Z., Shen, G., Snyder, J.H., Song, J., Chen, S., Huang, L., Peters, R.J. and Qi, X. Functional divergence of diterpene syntheses in the medicinal plant Salvia miltiorrhiza. Plant Physiol. 169 (2015) 1607–1618. [DOI] [PMID: 26077765]
[EC 4.2.3.186 created 2017]
 
 
EC 4.2.3.95     Relevance: 29.6%
Accepted name: (-)-α-cuprenene synthase
Reaction: (2E,6E)-farnesyl diphosphate = (-)-α-cuprenene + diphosphate
For diagram of biosynthesis of bicyclic sesquiterpenoids derived from bisabolyl cation, click here and for diagram of trichodiene and (–)-α-cuprenene biosynthesis, click here
Other name(s): Cop6
Systematic name: (-)-α-cuprenene hydrolase [cyclizing, (-)-α-cuprenene-forming]
Comments: The enzyme from the fungus Coprinopsis cinerea produces (-)-α-cuprenene with high selectivity.
Links to other databases: BRENDA, EXPASY, KEGG, MetaCyc
References:
1.  Lopez-Gallego, F., Agger, S.A., Abate-Pella, D., Distefano, M.D. and Schmidt-Dannert, C. Sesquiterpene synthases Cop4 and Cop6 from Coprinus cinereus: catalytic promiscuity and cyclization of farnesyl pyrophosphate geometric isomers. ChemBioChem 11 (2010) 1093–1106. [DOI] [PMID: 20419721]
[EC 4.2.3.95 created 2012]
 
 


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