The Enzyme Database

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EC 1.1.3.46     
Accepted name: 4-hydroxymandelate oxidase
Reaction: (S)-4-hydroxymandelate + O2 = 2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-oxoacetate + H2O2
Glossary: (S)-4-hydroxymandelate = (S)-2-hydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)acetate
2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-oxoacetate = 4-hydroxyphenylglyoxylate = (4-hydroxyphenyl)(oxo)acetate
L-(4-hydroxyphenyl)glycine = (S)-4-hydroxyphenylglycine
L-(3,5-dihydroxyphenyl)glycine = (S)-3,5-dihydroxyphenylglycine
Other name(s): 4HmO; HmO
Systematic name: (S)-4-hydroxymandelate:oxygen 1-oxidoreductase
Comments: A flavoprotein (FMN). The enzyme from the bacterium Amycolatopsis orientalis is involved in the biosynthesis of L-(4-hydroxyphenyl)glycine and L-(3,5-dihydroxyphenyl)glycine, two non-proteinogenic amino acids occurring in the vancomycin group of antibiotics.
Links to other databases: BRENDA, EXPASY, KEGG, MetaCyc, PDB
References:
1.  Hubbard, B.K., Thomas, M.G. and Walsh, C.T. Biosynthesis of L-p-hydroxyphenylglycine, a non-proteinogenic amino acid constituent of peptide antibiotics. Chem. Biol. 7 (2000) 931–942. [DOI] [PMID: 11137816]
2.  Li, T.L., Choroba, O.W., Charles, E.H., Sandercock, A.M., Williams, D.H. and Spencer, J.B. Characterisation of a hydroxymandelate oxidase involved in the biosynthesis of two unusual amino acids occurring in the vancomycin group of antibiotics. Chem. Commun. (Camb.) (2001) 1752–1753. [PMID: 12240298]
[EC 1.1.3.46 created 2014]
 
 
EC 1.13.11.80     
Accepted name: (3,5-dihydroxyphenyl)acetyl-CoA 1,2-dioxygenase
Reaction: (3,5-dihydroxyphenyl)acetyl-CoA + O2 = 2-(3,5-dihydroxyphenyl)-2-oxoacetate + CoA
Glossary: (3,5-dihydroxyphenyl)acetyl-CoA = 2-(3,5-dihydroxyphenyl)acetyl-CoA
Other name(s): DpgC
Systematic name: (3,5-dihydroxyphenyl)acetyl-CoA:oxygen oxidoreductase
Comments: The enzyme, characterized from bacteria Streptomyces toyocaensis and Amycolatopsis orientalis, is involved in the biosynthesis of (3,5-dihydroxyphenyl)glycine, a component of the glycopeptide antibiotic vancomycin.
Links to other databases: BRENDA, EXPASY, KEGG, MetaCyc, PDB
References:
1.  Chen, H., Tseng, C.C., Hubbard, B.K. and Walsh, C.T. Glycopeptide antibiotic biosynthesis: enzymatic assembly of the dedicated amino acid monomer (S)-3,5-dihydroxyphenylglycine. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 98 (2001) 14901–14906. [DOI] [PMID: 11752437]
2.  Widboom, P.F., Fielding, E.N., Liu, Y. and Bruner, S.D. Structural basis for cofactor-independent dioxygenation in vancomycin biosynthesis. Nature 447 (2007) 342–345. [DOI] [PMID: 17507985]
3.  Fielding, E.N., Widboom, P.F. and Bruner, S.D. Substrate recognition and catalysis by the cofactor-independent dioxygenase DpgC. Biochemistry 46 (2007) 13994–14000. [DOI] [PMID: 18004875]
[EC 1.13.11.80 created 2015]
 
 
EC 2.3.1.246     
Accepted name: 3,5-dihydroxyphenylacetyl-CoA synthase
Reaction: 4 malonyl-CoA = (3,5-dihydroxyphenylacetyl)-CoA + 3 CoA + 4 CO2 + H2O
Other name(s): DpgA
Systematic name: malonyl-CoA:malonyl-CoA malonyltransferase (3,5-dihydroxyphenylacetyl-CoA-forming)
Comments: The enzyme, characterized from the bacterium Amycolatopsis mediterranei, is involved in biosynthesis of the nonproteinogenic amino acid (S)-3,5-dihydroxyphenylglycine, a component of the vancomycin-type antibiotic balhimycin.
Links to other databases: BRENDA, EXPASY, KEGG, MetaCyc
References:
1.  Pfeifer, V., Nicholson, G.J., Ries, J., Recktenwald, J., Schefer, A.B., Shawky, R.M., Schroder, J., Wohlleben, W. and Pelzer, S. A polyketide synthase in glycopeptide biosynthesis: the biosynthesis of the non-proteinogenic amino acid (S)-3,5-dihydroxyphenylglycine. J. Biol. Chem. 276 (2001) 38370–38377. [DOI] [PMID: 11495926]
2.  Chen, H., Tseng, C.C., Hubbard, B.K. and Walsh, C.T. Glycopeptide antibiotic biosynthesis: enzymatic assembly of the dedicated amino acid monomer (S)-3,5-dihydroxyphenylglycine. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 98 (2001) 14901–14906. [DOI] [PMID: 11752437]
3.  Tseng, C.C., McLoughlin, S.M., Kelleher, N.L. and Walsh, C.T. Role of the active site cysteine of DpgA, a bacterial type III polyketide synthase. Biochemistry 43 (2004) 970–980. [DOI] [PMID: 14744141]
4.  Wu, H.C., Li, Y.S., Liu, Y.C., Lyu, S.Y., Wu, C.J. and Li, T.L. Chain elongation and cyclization in type III PKS DpgA. ChemBioChem 13 (2012) 862–871. [DOI] [PMID: 22492619]
[EC 2.3.1.246 created 2015]
 
 
EC 2.6.1.103     
Accepted name: (S)-3,5-dihydroxyphenylglycine transaminase
Reaction: (S)-3,5-dihydroxyphenylglycine + 2-oxoglutarate = 2-(3,5-dihydroxyphenyl)-2-oxoacetate + L-glutamate
Glossary: (S)-3,5-dihydroxyphenylglycine = (2S)-2-amino-2-(3,5-dihydroxyphenyl)acetic acid
Other name(s): HpgT
Systematic name: (S)-3,5-dihydroxyphenylglycine:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase
Comments: A pyridoxal-5′-phosphate protein. The enzyme from the bacterium Amycolatopsis orientalis catalyses the reaction in the reverse direction as part of the biosynthesis of the (S)-3,5-dihydroxyphenylglycine constituent of the glycopeptide antibiotic chloroeremomycin.
Links to other databases: BRENDA, EXPASY, KEGG, MetaCyc
References:
1.  Sandercock, A.M., Charles, E.H., Scaife, W., Kirkpatrick, P.N., O'Brien, S.W., Papageorgiou, E.A., Spencer, J.B. and Williams, D.H. Biosynthesis of the di-meta-hydroxyphenylglycine constituent of the vancomycin-group antibiotic chloroeremomycin. Chem. Comm. (2001) 1252–1253.
[EC 2.6.1.103 created 2013]
 
 


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