EC |
1.1.1.106 |
Accepted name: |
pantoate 4-dehydrogenase |
Reaction: |
(R)-pantoate + NAD+ = (R)-4-dehydropantoate + NADH + H+ |
|
For diagram of pantothenate catabolism, click here |
Glossary: |
pantoate = 2,4-dihydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutanoate |
Other name(s): |
pantoate dehydrogenase; pantothenase; D-pantoate:NAD+ 4-oxidoreductase |
Systematic name: |
(R)-pantoate:NAD+ 4-oxidoreductase |
Links to other databases: |
BRENDA, EXPASY, KEGG, MetaCyc, CAS registry number: 37250-38-7 |
References: |
1. |
Goodhue, C.T. and Snell, E.E. The bacterial degradation of pantothenic acid. 3. Enzymatic formation of aldopantoic acid. Biochemistry 5 (1966) 403–408. [PMID: 4287370] |
|
[EC 1.1.1.106 created 1972, modified 1976] |
|
|
|
|
EC |
1.1.1.169 |
Accepted name: |
2-dehydropantoate 2-reductase |
Reaction: |
(R)-pantoate + NADP+ = 2-dehydropantoate + NADPH + H+ |
|
For diagram of the early stages of CoA biosynthesis, click here |
Glossary: |
pantoate = 2,4-dihydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutanoate |
Other name(s): |
2-oxopantoate reductase; 2-ketopantoate reductase; 2-ketopantoic acid reductase; ketopantoate reductase; ketopantoic acid reductase |
Systematic name: |
(R)-pantoate:NADP+ 2-oxidoreductase |
Links to other databases: |
BRENDA, EXPASY, KEGG, MetaCyc, PDB, CAS registry number: 37211-74-8 |
References: |
1. |
King, H.L., Jr., Dyar, R.E. and Wilken, D.R. Ketopantoyl lactone and ketopantoic acid reductases. Characterization of the reactions and purification of two forms of ketopantoyl lactone reductase. J. Biol. Chem. 247 (1972) 4689–4695. [PMID: 4603075] |
|
[EC 1.1.1.169 created 1976] |
|
|
|
|
EC |
2.7.1.169 |
Accepted name: |
pantoate kinase |
Reaction: |
ATP + (R)-pantoate = ADP + (R)-4-phosphopantoate |
Other name(s): |
PoK; TK2141 protein |
Systematic name: |
ATP:(R)-pantoate 4-phosphotransferase |
Comments: |
The conversion of (R)-pantoate to (R)-4′-phosphopantothenate is part of the pathway leading to biosynthesis of 4′-phosphopantetheine, an essential cofactor of coenzyme A and acyl-carrier protein. In bacteria and eukaryotes this conversion is performed by condensation with β-alanine, followed by phosphorylation (EC 6.3.2.1 and EC 2.7.1.33, respectively). In archaea the order of these two steps is reversed, and phosphorylation precedes condensation with β-alanine. |
Links to other databases: |
BRENDA, EXPASY, KEGG, MetaCyc, PDB |
References: |
1. |
Yokooji, Y., Tomita, H., Atomi, H. and Imanaka, T. Pantoate kinase and phosphopantothenate synthetase, two novel enzymes necessary for CoA biosynthesis in the Archaea. J. Biol. Chem. 284 (2009) 28137–28145. [DOI] [PMID: 19666462] |
|
[EC 2.7.1.169 created 2011] |
|
|
|
|
EC |
3.5.1.22 |
Accepted name: |
pantothenase |
Reaction: |
(R)-pantothenate + H2O = (R)-pantoate + β-alanine |
|
For diagram of pantothenate catabolism, click here |
Other name(s): |
pantothenate hydrolase; pantothenate amidohydrolase |
Systematic name: |
(R)-pantothenate amidohydrolase |
Links to other databases: |
BRENDA, EXPASY, GTD, KEGG, MetaCyc, CAS registry number: 9076-90-8 |
References: |
1. |
Nurmikko, V., Salo, E., Hakola, H., Makinen, K. and Snell, E.E. The bacterial degradation of pantothenic acid. II. Pantothenate hydrolase. Biochemistry 5 (1966) 399–402. [PMID: 5940928] |
|
[EC 3.5.1.22 created 1972] |
|
|
|
|
EC |
6.3.2.1 |
Accepted name: |
pantoate—β-alanine ligase (AMP-forming) |
Reaction: |
ATP + (R)-pantoate + β-alanine = AMP + diphosphate + (R)-pantothenate |
|
For diagram of coenzyme A biosynthesis (early stages), click here |
Glossary: |
(R)-pantoate = (2R)-2,4-dihydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutanoate
(R)-pantothenate = 3-[(2R)-2,4-dihydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutanamido]propanoate |
Other name(s): |
pantothenate synthetase; pantoate activating enzyme; pantoic-activating enzyme; D-pantoate:β-alanine ligase (AMP-forming); pantoate—β-alanine ligase (ambiguous) |
Systematic name: |
(R)-pantoate:β-alanine ligase (AMP-forming) |
Links to other databases: |
BRENDA, EXPASY, KEGG, MetaCyc, PDB, CAS registry number: 9023-49-8 |
References: |
1. |
Ginoza, H.S. and Altenbern, R.A. The pantothenate-synthesizing enzyme cell-free extracts of Brucella abortus, strain 19. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 56 (1955) 537–541. [DOI] [PMID: 14377603] |
2. |
Maas, W.K. Pantothenate studies. III. Description of the extracted pantothenate-synthesizing enzyme of Escherichia coli. J. Biol. Chem. 198 (1952) 23–32. [PMID: 12999714] |
3. |
Maas, W.K. Mechanism of the enzymatic synthesis of pantothenate from β-alanine and pantoate. Fed. Proc. 15 (1956) 305–306. |
|
[EC 6.3.2.1 created 1961, modified 2014] |
|
|
|
|
EC |
6.3.2.36 |
Accepted name: |
4-phosphopantoate—β-alanine ligase |
Reaction: |
ATP + (R)-4-phosphopantoate + β-alanine = AMP + diphosphate + (R)-4′-phosphopantothenate |
Other name(s): |
phosphopantothenate synthetase; TK1686 protein |
Systematic name: |
(R)-4-phosphopantoate:β-alanine ligase (AMP-forming) |
Comments: |
The conversion of (R)-pantoate to (R)-4′-phosphopantothenate is part of the pathway leading to biosynthesis of 4′-phosphopantetheine, an essential cofactor of coenzyme A and acyl-carrier protein. In bacteria and eukaryotes this conversion is performed by condensation with β-alanine, followed by phosphorylation (EC 6.3.2.1 [pantoate—β-alanine ligase] and EC 2.7.1.33 [pantothenate kinase], respectively). In archaea the order of these two steps is reversed, and phosphorylation precedes condensation with β-alanine. The two archaeal enzymes that catalyse this conversion are EC 2.7.1.169, pantoate kinase, and this enzyme. |
Links to other databases: |
BRENDA, EXPASY, KEGG, MetaCyc, PDB |
References: |
1. |
Yokooji, Y., Tomita, H., Atomi, H. and Imanaka, T. Pantoate kinase and phosphopantothenate synthetase, two novel enzymes necessary for CoA biosynthesis in the Archaea. J. Biol. Chem. 284 (2009) 28137–28145. [DOI] [PMID: 19666462] |
|
[EC 6.3.2.36 created 2011] |
|
|
|
|
EC |
6.3.2.44 |
Accepted name: |
pantoate—β-alanine ligase (ADP-forming) |
Reaction: |
ATP + (R)-pantoate + β-alanine = ADP + phosphate + (R)-pantothenate |
|
For diagram of coenzyme A biosynthesis (early stages), click here |
Glossary: |
(R)-pantoate = (2R)-2,4-dihydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutanoate
(R)-pantothenate = 3-[(2R)-2,4-dihydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutanamido]propanoate |
Other name(s): |
pantothenate synthetase (ambiguous); pantoate—β-alanine ligase (ambiguous) |
Systematic name: |
(R)-pantoate:β-alanine ligase (ADP-forming) |
Comments: |
The enzyme, characterized from the archaeon Methanosarcina mazei, is involved in the biosynthesis of pantothenate. It is different from EC 6.3.2.1, the AMP-forming pantoate-β-alanine ligase found in bacteria and eukaryota. |
Links to other databases: |
BRENDA, EXPASY, KEGG, MetaCyc |
References: |
1. |
Ronconi, S., Jonczyk, R. and Genschel, U. A novel isoform of pantothenate synthetase in the Archaea. FEBS J. 275 (2008) 2754–2764. [DOI] [PMID: 18422645] |
|
[EC 6.3.2.44 created 2014] |
|
|
|
|