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2.3.1.182

Transferred entry:

(R)-citramalate synthase. Now classified as EC 2.3.3.21, (R)-citramalate synthase.

[EC 2.3.1.182 created 2007, deleted 2021]

2.3.3.21

Accepted name:

(R)-citramalate synthase

Reaction:

acetyl-CoA + pyruvate + H₂O = CoA + (2R)-2-hydroxy-2-methylbutanedioate

Glossary:

(2R)-2-hydroxy-2-methylbutanedioate = (2R)-2-methylmalate = (–)-citramalate
3-methyl-2-oxobutanoate = α-ketoisovalerate
2-oxobutanoate = α-ketobutyrate
4-methyl-2-oxopentanoate = α-ketoisocaproate
2-oxohexanoate = α-ketopimelate
2-oxoglutarate = α-ketoglutarate

Other name(s):

CimA

Comments:

One of the enzymes involved in a pyruvate-derived pathway for isoleucine biosynthesis that is found in some bacterial and archaeal species [1,2]. The enzyme can be inhibited by isoleucine, the end-product of the pathway, but not by leucine [2]. The enzyme is highly specific for pyruvate as substrate, as the 2-oxo acids 3-methyl-2-oxobutanoate, 2-oxobutanoate, 4-methyl-2-oxopentanoate, 2-oxohexanoate and 2-oxoglutarate cannot act as substrate [1,2].

Links to other databases:

BRENDA, EXPASY, KEGG, MetaCyc

References:

1.	Howell, D.M., Xu, H. and White, R.H. (R)-citramalate synthase in methanogenic archaea. J. Bacteriol. 181 (1999) 331–333. [DOI] [PMID: 9864346]
2.	Xu, H., Zhang, Y., Guo, X., Ren, S., Staempfli, A.A., Chiao, J., Jiang, W. and Zhao, G. Isoleucine biosynthesis in Leptospira interrogans serotype 1ai strain 56601 proceeds via a threonine-independent pathway. J. Bacteriol. 186 (2004) 5400–5409. [DOI] [PMID: 15292141]

[EC 2.3.3.21 created 2007 as EC 2.3.1.182, transferred 2021 to EC 2.3.3.21]

4.2.1.35

Accepted name:

(R)-2-methylmalate dehydratase

Reaction:

(R)-2-methylmalate = 2-methylmaleate + H₂O

Other name(s):

citraconate hydratase; citraconase; citramalate hydro-lyase; (-)-citramalate hydro-lyase; (R)-2-methylmalate hydro-lyase

Systematic name:

(R)-2-methylmalate hydro-lyase (2-methylmaleate-forming)

Comments:

Requires Fe²⁺.

Links to other databases:

BRENDA, EXPASY, GTD, KEGG, MetaCyc, PDB, CAS registry number: 9027-92-3

References:

1.	Subramanian, S.S. and Raghavendra Rao, M.R. Purification and properties of citraconase. J. Biol. Chem. 243 (1968) 2367–2372. [PMID: 4296839]
2.	Raghavendra Rao, M.R., Subramanian, S.S., Rahatekar, H.I. and Paranjape, S.V. Enzymatic hydration of citraconate to (-)citramalate. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 12 (1963) 78–82. [PMID: 13973053]

[EC 4.2.1.35 created 1972]