ExplorEnz: EC 4.2.3.23

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4.2.3.23

Accepted name:

germacrene-A synthase

Reaction:

(2E,6E)-farnesyl diphosphate = (+)-(R)-gemacrene A + diphosphate

For diagram of germacrene sesquiterpenoid biosynthesis, click here

Other name(s):

germacrene A synthase; (+)-germacrene A synthase; (+)-(10R)-germacrene A synthase; GAS; 2-trans,6-trans-farnesyl-diphosphate diphosphate-lyase (germacrene-A-forming)

Systematic name:

(2E,6E)-farnesyl-diphosphate diphosphate-lyase [(+)-(R)-germacrene-A-forming]

Comments:

Requires Mg²⁺ for activity. While germacrene A is an enzyme-bound intermediate in the biosynthesis of a number of phytoalexins, e.g. EC 4.2.3.9 (aristolochene synthase) from some species and EC 4.2.3.21 (vetispiradiene synthase), it is the sole sesquiterpenoid product formed in chicory [1].

Links to other databases:

BRENDA, EXPASY, KEGG, MetaCyc, CAS registry number: 213763-55-4

References:

1.	Bouwmeester, H.J., Kodde, J., Verstappen, F.W., Altug, I.G., de Kraker, J.W. and Wallaart, T.E. Isolation and characterization of two germacrene A synthase cDNA clones from chicory. Plant Physiol. 129 (2002) 134–144. [DOI] [PMID: 12011345]
2.	Prosser, I., Phillips, A.L., Gittings, S., Lewis, M.J., Hooper, A.M., Pickett, J.A. and Beale, M.H. (+)-(10R)-Germacrene A synthase from goldenrod, Solidago canadensis; cDNA isolation, bacterial expression and functional analysis. Phytochemistry 60 (2002) 691–702. [DOI] [PMID: 12127586]
3.	de Kraker, J.W., Franssen, M.C., de Groot, A., König, W.A. and Bouwmeester, H.J. (+)-Germacrene A biosynthesis . The committed step in the biosynthesis of bitter sesquiterpene lactones in chicory. Plant Physiol. 117 (1998) 1381–1392. [PMID: 9701594]
4.	Calvert, M.J., Ashton, P.R. and Allemann, R.K. Germacrene A is a product of the aristolochene synthase-mediated conversion of farnesylpyrophosphate to aristolochene. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 124 (2002) 11636–11641. [DOI] [PMID: 12296728]
5.	Chang, Y.J., Jin, J., Nam, H.Y. and Kim, S.U. Point mutation of (+)-germacrene A synthase from Ixeris dentata. Biotechnol. Lett. 27 (2005) 285–288. [DOI] [PMID: 15834787]

[EC 4.2.3.23 created 2006]