The Enzyme Database

Your query returned 25 entries.    printer_iconPrintable version



EC 2.4.99.1      
Transferred entry: β-galactoside α-(2,6)-sialyltransferase. Now EC 2.4.3.1, β-galactoside α-(2,6)-sialyltransferase
[EC 2.4.99.1 created 1972, modified 1976, modified 1986, modified 2017 (EC 2.4.99.11 created 1992, incorporated 2017), deleted 2022]
 
 
EC 2.4.99.2      
Transferred entry: β-D-galactosyl-(1→3)-N-acetyl-β-D-galactosaminide α-2,3-sialyltransferase. Now EC 2.4.3.2, β-D-galactosyl-(1→3)-N-acetyl-β-D-galactosaminide α-2,3-sialyltransferase
[EC 2.4.99.2 created 1976, modified 1986, deleted 2022]
 
 
EC 2.4.99.3      
Transferred entry: α-N-acetylgalactosaminide α-2,6-sialyltransferase. Now EC 2.4.3.3, α-N-acetylgalactosaminide α-2,6-sialyltransferase
[EC 2.4.99.3 created 1984, modified 1986, deleted 2022]
 
 
EC 2.4.99.4      
Transferred entry: β-galactoside α-2,3-sialyltransferase. Now EC 2.4.3.4, β-galactoside α-2,3-sialyltransferase
[EC 2.4.99.4 created 1984, modified 1986, deleted 2022]
 
 
EC 2.4.99.5      
Transferred entry: galactosyldiacylglycerol α-2,3-sialyltransferase. Now EC 2.4.3.5, galactosyldiacylglycerol α-2,3-sialyltransferase
[EC 2.4.99.5 created 1984, modified 1986, deleted 2022]
 
 
EC 2.4.99.6      
Transferred entry: N-acetyllactosaminide α-2,3-sialyltransferase. Now EC 2.4.3.6, N-acetyllactosaminide α-2,3-sialyltransferase
[EC 2.4.99.6 created 1984, modified 1986 (EC 2.4.99.10 created 1986, incorporated 2017), deleted 2022]
 
 
EC 2.4.99.7      
Transferred entry: α-N-acetylneuraminyl-2,3-β-galactosyl-1,3-N-acetylgalactosaminide 6-α-sialyltransferase. Now EC 2.4.3.7, α-N-acetylneuraminyl-2,3-β-galactosyl-1,3-N-acetylgalactosaminide 6-α-sialyltransferase
[EC 2.4.99.7 created 1984, modified 1986, modified 2004, deleted 2022]
 
 
EC 2.4.99.8      
Transferred entry: α-N-acetylneuraminate α-2,8-sialyltransferase. Now EC 2.4.3.8, α-N-acetylneuraminate α-2,8-sialyltransferase
[EC 2.4.99.8 created 1984, modified 1986, deleted 2022]
 
 
EC 2.4.99.9      
Transferred entry: lactosylceramide α-2,3-sialyltransferase. Now EC 2.4.3.9, lactosylceramide α-2,3-sialyltransferase
[EC 2.4.99.9 created 1984, modified 1986, deleted 2022]
 
 
EC 2.4.99.10      
Transferred entry: neolactotetraosylceramide α-2,3-sialyltransferase. Now included in EC 2.4.3.6, N-acetyllactosaminide α-2,3-sialyltransferase
[EC 2.4.99.10 created 1986, deleted 2017]
 
 
EC 2.4.99.11      
Deleted entry: lactosylceramide α-2,6-N-sialyltransferase. Now included with EC 2.4.3.1, β-galactoside α-(2,6)-sialyltransferase
[EC 2.4.99.11 created 1992, deleted 2017]
 
 
EC 2.4.99.12     
Accepted name: lipid IVA 3-deoxy-D-manno-octulosonic acid transferase
Reaction: CMP-β-Kdo + a lipid IVA + CMP-β-Kdo = CMP + an α-Kdo-(2→6)-[lipid IVA]
For diagram of Kdo4-Lipid IVA biosynthesis, click here
Glossary: CMP-β-Kdo = CMP-3-deoxy-β-D-manno-octulosonate = CMP-3-deoxy-β-D-manno-oct-2-ulopyranosylonate
a lipid IVA = 2-deoxy-2-{[(3R)-3-hydroxyacyl]amino}-3-O-[(3R)-3-hydroxyacyl]-4-O-phospho-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→6)-2-deoxy-3-O-[(3R)-3-hydroxyacyl]-2-{[(3R)-3-hydroxyacyl]amino}-1-O-phospho-α-D-glucopyranose
Other name(s): waaA (gene name); kdtA (gene name); 3-deoxy-D-manno-oct-2-ulosonic acid transferase; 3-deoxy-manno-octulosonic acid transferase; lipid IVA KDO transferase; CMP-3-deoxy-D-manno-oct-2-ulosonate:lipid IVA 3-deoxy-D-manno-oct-2-ulosonate transferase; KDO transferase
Systematic name: CMP-3-deoxy-β-D-manno-oct-2-ulosonate:[lipid IVA] 3-deoxy-D-manno-oct-2-ulosonate transferase (configuration-inverting)
Comments: The enzyme from Escherichia coli is bifunctional and transfers two 3-deoxy-D-manno-oct-2-ulosonate residues to lipid IVA (cf. EC 2.4.99.13 [(Kdo)-lipid IVA 3-deoxy-D-manno-octulosonic acid transferase]) [1]. The monofunctional enzymes from Bordetella pertusis, Aquifex aeolicus and Haemophilus influenzae catalyse the transfer of a single 3-deoxy-D-manno-oct-2-ulosonate residue from CMP-3-deoxy-D-manno-oct-2-ulosonate to lipid IVA [2-4]. The enzymes from Chlamydia transfer three or more 3-deoxy-D-manno-oct-2-ulosonate residues and generate genus-specific epitopes [5].
Links to other databases: BRENDA, EXPASY, KEGG, MetaCyc, PDB
References:
1.  Belunis, C.J. and Raetz, C.R. Biosynthesis of endotoxins. Purification and catalytic properties of 3-deoxy-D-manno-octulosonic acid transferase from Escherichia coli. J. Biol. Chem. 267 (1992) 9988–9997. [PMID: 1577828]
2.  Isobe, T., White, K.A., Allen, A.G., Peacock, M., Raetz, C.R. and Maskell, D.J. Bordetella pertussis waaA encodes a monofunctional 2-keto-3-deoxy-D-manno-octulosonic acid transferase that can complement an Escherichia coli waaA mutation. J. Bacteriol. 181 (1999) 2648–2651. [DOI] [PMID: 10198035]
3.  Mamat, U., Schmidt, H., Munoz, E., Lindner, B., Fukase, K., Hanuszkiewicz, A., Wu, J., Meredith, T.C., Woodard, R.W., Hilgenfeld, R., Mesters, J.R. and Holst, O. WaaA of the hyperthermophilic bacterium Aquifex aeolicus is a monofunctional 3-deoxy-D-manno-oct-2-ulosonic acid transferase involved in lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis. J. Biol. Chem. 284 (2009) 22248–22262. [DOI] [PMID: 19546212]
4.  White, K.A., Kaltashov, I.A., Cotter, R.J. and Raetz, C.R. A mono-functional 3-deoxy-D-manno-octulosonic acid (Kdo) transferase and a Kdo kinase in extracts of Haemophilus influenzae. J. Biol. Chem. 272 (1997) 16555–16563. [DOI] [PMID: 9195966]
5.  Lobau, S., Mamat, U., Brabetz, W. and Brade, H. Molecular cloning, sequence analysis, and functional characterization of the lipopolysaccharide biosynthetic gene kdtA encoding 3-deoxy-α-D-manno-octulosonic acid transferase of Chlamydia pneumoniae strain TW-183. Mol. Microbiol. 18 (1995) 391–399. [DOI] [PMID: 8748024]
[EC 2.4.99.12 created 2010, modified 2011]
 
 
EC 2.4.99.13     
Accepted name: (Kdo)-lipid IVA 3-deoxy-D-manno-octulosonic acid transferase
Reaction: CMP-β-Kdo + an α-Kdo-(2→6)-[lipid IVA] = CMP + an α-Kdo-(2→4)-α-Kdo-(2→6)-[lipid IVA]
For diagram of Kdo4-Lipid IVA biosynthesis, click here
Glossary: CMP-β-Kdo = CMP-3-deoxy-β-D-manno-oct-2-ulopyranosylonate
a lipid IVA = 2-deoxy-2-{[(3R)-3-hydroxyacyl]amino}-3-O-[(3R)-3-hydroxyacyl]-4-O-phospho-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→6)-2-deoxy-3-O-[(3R)-3-hydroxyacyl]-2-{[(3R)-3-hydroxyacyl]amino}-1-O-phospho-α-D-glucopyranose
Other name(s): waaA (gene name); kdtA (gene name); 3-deoxy-D-manno-oct-2-ulosonic acid transferase; 3-deoxy-manno-octulosonic acid transferase; (KDO)-lipid IVA 3-deoxy-D-manno-octulosonic acid transferase; CMP-3-deoxy-D-manno-oct-2-ulosonate:(Kdo)-lipid IVA 3-deoxy-D-manno-oct-2-ulosonate transferase; Kdo transferase (ambiguous)
Systematic name: CMP-3-deoxy-β-D-manno-oct-2-ulosonate:α-Kdo-(2→6)-[lipid IVA] 3-deoxy-D-manno-oct-2-ulosonate transferase (configuration-inverting)
Comments: The enzyme from Escherichia coli is bifunctional and transfers two 3-deoxy-D-manno-oct-2-ulosonate residues to lipid IVA (cf. EC 2.4.99.12 [lipid IVA 3-deoxy-D-manno-octulosonic acid transferase]) [1]. The enzymes from Chlamydia transfer three or more 3-deoxy-D-manno-oct-2-ulosonate residues and generate genus-specific epitopes [2].
Links to other databases: BRENDA, EXPASY, KEGG, MetaCyc
References:
1.  Belunis, C.J. and Raetz, C.R. Biosynthesis of endotoxins. Purification and catalytic properties of 3-deoxy-D-manno-octulosonic acid transferase from Escherichia coli. J. Biol. Chem. 267 (1992) 9988–9997. [PMID: 1577828]
2.  Lobau, S., Mamat, U., Brabetz, W. and Brade, H. Molecular cloning, sequence analysis, and functional characterization of the lipopolysaccharide biosynthetic gene kdtA encoding 3-deoxy-α-D-manno-octulosonic acid transferase of Chlamydia pneumoniae strain TW-183. Mol. Microbiol. 18 (1995) 391–399. [DOI] [PMID: 8748024]
3.  Schmidt, H., Hansen, G., Singh, S., Hanuszkiewicz, A., Lindner, B., Fukase, K., Woodard, R.W., Holst, O., Hilgenfeld, R., Mamat, U. and Mesters, J.R. Structural and mechanistic analysis of the membrane-embedded glycosyltransferase WaaA required for lipopolysaccharide synthesis. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 109 (2012) 6253–6258. [DOI] [PMID: 22474366]
[EC 2.4.99.13 created 2010, modified 2011, modified 2021]
 
 
EC 2.4.99.14     
Accepted name: (Kdo)2-lipid IVA (2-8) 3-deoxy-D-manno-octulosonic acid transferase
Reaction: α-Kdo-(2→4)-α-Kdo-(2→6)-lipid IVA + CMP-β-Kdo = α-Kdo-(2→8)-α-Kdo-(2→4)-α-Kdo-(2→6)-lipid IVA + CMP
For diagram of Kdo4-Lipid IVA biosynthesis, click here
Glossary: (Kdo)2-lipid IVA = α-Kdo-(2→4)-α-Kdo-(2→6)-lipid IVA = (3-deoxy-α-D-manno-oct-2-ulopyranosylonate)-(2→4)-(3-deoxy-α-D-manno-oct-2-ulopyranosylonate)-(2→6)-2-deoxy-2-{[(3R)-3-hydroxytetradecanoyl]amino}-3-O-[(3R)-3-hydroxytetradecanoyl]-4-O-phosphono-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→6)-2-deoxy-3-O-[(3R)-3-hydroxytetradecanoyl]-2-{[(3R)-3-hydroxytetradecanoyl]amino}-1-O-phosphono-α-D-glucopyranose
(Kdo)3-lipid IVA = α-Kdo-(2→8)-α-Kdo-(2→4)-α-Kdo-(2→6)-lipid IVA = (3-deoxy-α-D-manno-oct-2-ulopyranosylonate)-(2→8)-(3-deoxy-α-D-manno-oct-2-ulopyranosylonate)-(2→4)-(3-deoxy-α-D-manno-oct-2-ulopyranosylonate)-(2→6)-2-deoxy-2-{[(3R)-3-hydroxytetradecanoyl]amino}-3-O-[(3R)-3-hydroxytetradecanoyl]-4-O-phosphono-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→6)-2-deoxy-3-O-[(3R)-3-hydroxytetradecanoyl]-2-{[(3R)-3-hydroxytetradecanoyl]amino}-1-O-phosphono-α-D-glucopyranose
CMP-β-Kdo = CMP-3-deoxy-β-D-manno-oct-2-ulopyranosylonate
Other name(s): Kdo transferase; waaA (gene name); kdtA (gene name); 3-deoxy-D-manno-oct-2-ulosonic acid transferase; 3-deoxy-manno-octulosonic acid transferase; (KDO)2-lipid IVA (2-8) 3-deoxy-D-manno-octulosonic acid transferase
Systematic name: CMP-3-deoxy-D-manno-oct-2-ulosonate:(Kdo)2-lipid IVA 3-deoxy-D-manno-oct-2-ulosonate transferase [(2→8) glycosidic bond-forming]
Comments: The enzymes from Chlamydia transfer three or more 3-deoxy-D-manno-oct-2-ulosonate residues and generate genus-specific epitopes.
Links to other databases: BRENDA, EXPASY, KEGG, MetaCyc
References:
1.  Lobau, S., Mamat, U., Brabetz, W. and Brade, H. Molecular cloning, sequence analysis, and functional characterization of the lipopolysaccharide biosynthetic gene kdtA encoding 3-deoxy-α-D-manno-octulosonic acid transferase of Chlamydia pneumoniae strain TW-183. Mol. Microbiol. 18 (1995) 391–399. [DOI] [PMID: 8748024]
2.  Mamat, U., Baumann, M., Schmidt, G. and Brade, H. The genus-specific lipopolysaccharide epitope of Chlamydia is assembled in C. psittaci and C. trachomatis by glycosyltransferases of low homology. Mol. Microbiol. 10 (1993) 935–941. [DOI] [PMID: 7523826]
3.  Belunis, C.J., Mdluli, K.E., Raetz, C.R. and Nano, F.E. A novel 3-deoxy-D-manno-octulosonic acid transferase from Chlamydia trachomatis required for expression of the genus-specific epitope. J. Biol. Chem. 267 (1992) 18702–18707. [PMID: 1382060]
[EC 2.4.99.14 created 2010, modified 2011]
 
 
EC 2.4.99.15     
Accepted name: (Kdo)3-lipid IVA (2-4) 3-deoxy-D-manno-octulosonic acid transferase
Reaction: α-Kdo-(2→8)-α-Kdo-(2→4)-α-Kdo-(2→6)-lipid IVA + CMP-β-Kdo = α-Kdo-(2→8)-[α-Kdo-(2→4)]-α-Kdo-(2→4)-α-Kdo-(2→6)-lipid IVA + CMP
For diagram of Kdo4-Lipid IVA biosynthesis, click here
Glossary: (Kdo)3-lipid IVA = α-Kdo-(2→8)-α-Kdo-(2→4)-α-Kdo-(2→6)-lipid IVA = (3-deoxy-α-D-manno-oct-2-ulopyranosylonate)-(2→8)-(3-deoxy-α-D-manno-oct-2-ulopyranosylonate)-(2→4)-(3-deoxy-α-D-manno-oct-2-ulopyranosylonate)-(2→6)-2-deoxy-2-{[(3R)-3-hydroxytetradecanoyl]amino}-3-O-[(3R)-3-hydroxytetradecanoyl]-4-O-phosphono-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→6)-2-deoxy-3-O-[(3R)-3-hydroxytetradecanoyl]-2-{[(3R)-3-hydroxytetradecanoyl]amino}-1-O-phosphono-α-D-glucopyranose
(Kdo)4-lipid IVA = α-Kdo-(2→8)-[α-Kdo-(2→4)]-α-Kdo-(2→4)-α-Kdo-(2→6)-lipid IVA = (3-deoxy-α-D-manno-oct-2-ulopyranosylonate)-(2→8)-[(3-deoxy-α-D-manno-oct-2-ulopyranosylonate)-(2→4)]-(3-deoxy-α-D-manno-oct-2-ulopyranosylonate)-(2→4)-(3-deoxy-α-D-manno-oct-2-ulopyranosylonate)-(2→6)-2-deoxy-2-{[(3R)-3-hydroxytetradecanoyl]amino}-3-O-[(3R)-3-hydroxytetradecanoyl]-4-O-phosphono-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→6)-2-deoxy-3-O-[(3R)-3-hydroxytetradecanoyl]-2-{[(3R)-3-hydroxytetradecanoyl]amino}-1-O-phosphono-α-D-glucopyranose
CMP-β-Kdo = CMP-3-deoxy-β-D-manno-oct-2-ulopyranosylonate
Other name(s): Kdo transferase; waaA (gene name); kdtA (gene name); 3-deoxy-D-manno-oct-2-ulosonic acid transferase; 3-deoxy-manno-octulosonic acid transferase; (KDO)3-lipid IVA (2-4) 3-deoxy-D-manno-octulosonic acid transferase
Systematic name: CMP-3-deoxy-D-manno-oct-2-ulosonate:(Kdo)3-lipid IVA 3-deoxy-D-manno-oct-2-ulosonate transferase [(2→4) glycosidic bond-forming]
Comments: The enzyme from Chlamydia psittaci transfers four Kdo residues to lipid A, forming a branched tetrasaccharide with the structure α-Kdo-(2,8)-[α-Kdo-(2,4)]-α-Kdo-(2,4)-α-Kdo (cf. EC 2.4.99.12 [lipid IVA 3-deoxy-D-manno-octulosonic acid transferase], EC 2.4.99.13 [(Kdo)-lipid IVA 3-deoxy-D-manno-octulosonic acid transferase], and EC 2.4.99.14 [(Kdo)2-lipid IVA (2-8) 3-deoxy-D-manno-octulosonic acid transferase]).
Links to other databases: BRENDA, EXPASY, KEGG, MetaCyc
References:
1.  Brabetz, W., Lindner, B. and Brade, H. Comparative analyses of secondary gene products of 3-deoxy-D-manno-oct-2-ulosonic acid transferases from Chlamydiaceae in Escherichia coli K-12. Eur. J. Biochem. 267 (2000) 5458–5465. [DOI] [PMID: 10951204]
2.  Holst, O., Bock, K., Brade, L. and Brade, H. The structures of oligosaccharide bisphosphates isolated from the lipopolysaccharide of a recombinant Escherichia coli strain expressing the gene gseA [3-deoxy-D-manno-octulopyranosonic acid (Kdo) transferase] of Chlamydia psittaci 6BC. Eur. J. Biochem. 229 (1995) 194–200. [DOI] [PMID: 7744029]
[EC 2.4.99.15 created 2010, modified 2011]
 
 
EC 2.4.99.16     
Accepted name: starch synthase (maltosyl-transferring)
Reaction: α-maltose 1-phosphate + [(1→4)-α-D-glucosyl]n = phosphate + [(1→4)-α-D-glucosyl]n+2
Other name(s): α1,4-glucan:maltose-1-P maltosyltransferase; GMPMT
Systematic name: α-maltose 1-phosphate:(1→4)-α-D-glucan 4-α-D-maltosyltransferase
Comments: The enzyme from the bacterium Mycobacterium smegmatis is specific for maltose. It has no activity with α-D-glucose.
Links to other databases: BRENDA, EXPASY, KEGG, MetaCyc, PDB
References:
1.  Elbein, A.D., Pastuszak, I., Tackett, A.J., Wilson, T. and Pan, Y.T. Last step in the conversion of trehalose to glycogen: a mycobacterial enzyme that transfers maltose from maltose 1-phosphate to glycogen. J. Biol. Chem. 285 (2010) 9803–9812. [DOI] [PMID: 20118231]
2.  Syson, K., Stevenson, C.E., Rejzek, M., Fairhurst, S.A., Nair, A., Bruton, C.J., Field, R.A., Chater, K.F., Lawson, D.M. and Bornemann, S. Structure of Streptomyces maltosyltransferase GlgE, a homologue of a genetically validated anti-tuberculosis target. J. Biol. Chem. 286 (2011) 38298–38310. [DOI] [PMID: 21914799]
[EC 2.4.99.16 created 2012]
 
 
EC 2.4.99.17     
Accepted name: S-adenosylmethionine:tRNA ribosyltransferase-isomerase
Reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + 7-aminomethyl-7-carbaguanosine34 in tRNA = L-methionine + adenine + epoxyqueuosine34 in tRNA
For diagram of queuine biosynthesis, click here
Glossary: 7-aminomethyl-7-carbaguanine = preQ1 = 7-aminomethyl-7-deazaguanine
epoxyqueosine = oQ
Other name(s): QueA enzyme; queuosine biosynthesis protein QueA
Systematic name: S-adenosyl-L-methionine:7-aminomethyl-7-deazaguanosine ribosyltransferase (ribosyl isomerizing; L-methionine, adenine releasing)
Comments: The reaction is a combined transfer and isomerization of the ribose moiety of S-adenosyl-L-methionine to the modified guanosine base in the wobble position in tRNAs specific for Tyr, His, Asp or Asn. It is part of the queuosine biosynthesis pathway.
Links to other databases: BRENDA, EXPASY, KEGG, MetaCyc, PDB
References:
1.  Slany, R.K., Bosl, M., Crain, P.F. and Kersten, H. A new function of S-adenosylmethionine: the ribosyl moiety of AdoMet is the precursor of the cyclopentenediol moiety of the tRNA wobble base queuine. Biochemistry 32 (1993) 7811–7817. [PMID: 8347586]
2.  Slany, R.K., Bosl, M. and Kersten, H. Transfer and isomerization of the ribose moiety of AdoMet during the biosynthesis of queuosine tRNAs, a new unique reaction catalyzed by the QueA protein from Escherichia coli. Biochimie 76 (1994) 389–393. [DOI] [PMID: 7849103]
3.  Kinzie, S.D., Thern, B. and Iwata-Reuyl, D. Mechanistic studies of the tRNA-modifying enzyme QueA: a chemical imperative for the use of AdoMet as a "ribosyl" donor. Org. Lett. 2 (2000) 1307–1310. [PMID: 10810734]
4.  Van Lanen, S.G. and Iwata-Reuyl, D. Kinetic mechanism of the tRNA-modifying enzyme S-adenosylmethionine:tRNA ribosyltransferase-isomerase (QueA). Biochemistry 42 (2003) 5312–5320. [DOI] [PMID: 12731872]
5.  Mathews, I., Schwarzenbacher, R., McMullan, D., Abdubek, P., Ambing, E., Axelrod, H., Biorac, T., Canaves, J.M., Chiu, H.J., Deacon, A.M., DiDonato, M., Elsliger, M.A., Godzik, A., Grittini, C., Grzechnik, S.K., Hale, J., Hampton, E., Han, G.W., Haugen, J., Hornsby, M., Jaroszewski, L., Klock, H.E., Koesema, E., Kreusch, A., Kuhn, P., Lesley, S.A., Levin, I., Miller, M.D., Moy, K., Nigoghossian, E., Ouyang, J., Paulsen, J., Quijano, K., Reyes, R., Spraggon, G., Stevens, R.C., van den Bedem, H., Velasquez, J., Vincent, J., White, A., Wolf, G., Xu, Q., Hodgson, K.O., Wooley, J. and Wilson, I.A. Crystal structure of S-adenosylmethionine:tRNA ribosyltransferase-isomerase (QueA) from Thermotoga maritima at 2.0 Å resolution reveals a new fold. Proteins 59 (2005) 869–874. [DOI] [PMID: 15822125]
6.  Grimm, C., Ficner, R., Sgraja, T., Haebel, P., Klebe, G. and Reuter, K. Crystal structure of Bacillus subtilis S-adenosylmethionine:tRNA ribosyltransferase-isomerase. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 351 (2006) 695–701. [DOI] [PMID: 17083917]
[EC 2.4.99.17 created 2012]
 
 
EC 2.4.99.18     
Accepted name: dolichyl-diphosphooligosaccharide—protein glycotransferase
Reaction: dolichyl diphosphooligosaccharide + [protein]-L-asparagine = dolichyl diphosphate + a glycoprotein with the oligosaccharide chain attached by N-β-D-glycosyl linkage to a protein L-asparagine
For diagram of glycoprotein biosynthesis, click here
Other name(s): dolichyldiphosphooligosaccharide-protein glycosyltransferase; asparagine N-glycosyltransferase; dolichyldiphosphooligosaccharide-protein oligosaccharyltransferase; dolichylpyrophosphodiacetylchitobiose-protein glycosyltransferase; oligomannosyltransferase; oligosaccharide transferase; dolichyldiphosphoryloligosaccharide-protein oligosaccharyltransferase; dolichyl-diphosphooligosaccharide:protein-L-asparagine oligopolysaccharidotransferase; STT3
Systematic name: dolichyl-diphosphooligosaccharide:protein-L-asparagine N-β-D-oligopolysaccharidotransferase
Comments: Occurs in eukaryotes that form a glycoprotein by the transfer of a glucosyl-mannosyl-glucosamine polysaccharide to the side-chain of an L-asparagine residue in the sequence -Asn-Xaa-Ser- or -Asn-Xaa-Thr- (Xaa not Pro) in nascent polypeptide chains. The basic oligosaccharide is the tetradecasaccharide Glc3Man9GlcNAc2 (for diagram click here). However, smaller oligosaccharides derived from it and oligosaccharides with additional monosaccharide units attached may be involved. See ref [2] for a review of N-glycoproteins in eukaryotes. Man3GlcNAc2 seems to be common for all of the oligosaccharides involved with the terminal N-acetylglucosamine linked to the protein L-asparagine. Occurs on the cytosolic face of the endoplasmic reticulum. The dolichol involved normally has 14-21 isoprenoid units with two trans double-bonds at the ω end, and the rest of the double-bonds in cis form.
Links to other databases: BRENDA, EXPASY, KEGG, MetaCyc, PDB, CAS registry number: 75302-32-8
References:
1.  Das, R.C. and Heath, E.C. Dolichyldiphosphoryloligosaccharide-protein oligosaccharyltransferase; solubilization, purification, and properties. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 77 (1980) 3811–3815. [DOI] [PMID: 6933437]
2.  Song, W., Henquet, M.G., Mentink, R.A., van Dijk, A.J., Cordewener, J.H., Bosch, D., America, A.H. and van der Krol, A.R. N-glycoproteomics in plants: perspectives and challenges. J Proteomics 74 (2011) 1463–1474. [DOI] [PMID: 21605711]
[EC 2.4.99.18 created 1984 as EC 2.4.1.119, transferred 2012 to EC 2.4.99.18]
 
 
EC 2.4.99.19     
Accepted name: undecaprenyl-diphosphooligosaccharide—protein glycotransferase
Reaction: tritrans,heptacis-undecaprenyl diphosphooligosaccharide + [protein]-L-asparagine = tritrans,heptacis-undecaprenyl diphosphate + a glycoprotein with the oligosaccharide chain attached by N-β-D-glycosyl linkage to protein L-asparagine
Other name(s): PglB
Systematic name: tritrans,heptacis-undecaprenyl-diphosphooligosaccharide:protein-L-asparagine N-β-D-oligosaccharidotransferase
Comments: A bacterial enzyme that has been isolated from Campylobacter jejuni [1] and Campylobacter lari [2]. It forms a glycoprotein by the transfer of a glucosyl-N-acetylgalactosaminyl-N,N′-diacetylbacillosamine (GalNAc2(Glc)GalNAc3diNAcBac) polysaccharide and related oligosaccharides to the side-chain of an L-asparagine residue in the sequence -Asp/Glu-Xaa-Asn-Xaa’-Ser/Thr- (Xaa and Xaa’ not Pro) in nascent polypeptide chains. Requires Mn2+ or Mg2+. Occurs on the external face of the plasma membrane. The polyprenol involved is normally tritrans,heptacis-undecaprenol but a decaprenol is used by some species.
Links to other databases: BRENDA, EXPASY, KEGG, MetaCyc, PDB
References:
1.  Maita, N., Nyirenda, J., Igura, M., Kamishikiryo, J. and Kohda, D. Comparative structural biology of eubacterial and archaeal oligosaccharyltransferases. J. Biol. Chem. 285 (2010) 4941–4950. [DOI] [PMID: 20007322]
2.  Lizak, C., Gerber, S., Numao, S., Aebi, M. and Locher, K.P. X-ray structure of a bacterial oligosaccharyltransferase. Nature 474 (2011) 350–355. [DOI] [PMID: 21677752]
[EC 2.4.99.19 created 2012]
 
 
EC 2.4.99.20     
Accepted name: 2′-phospho-ADP-ribosyl cyclase/2′-phospho-cyclic-ADP-ribose transferase
Reaction: NADP+ + nicotinate = nicotinate-adenine dinucleotide phosphate + nicotinamide (overall reaction)
(1a) NADP+ = 2′-phospho-cyclic ADP-ribose + nicotinamide
(1b) 2′-phospho-cyclic ADP-ribose + nicotinate = nicotinate-adenine dinucleotide phosphate
For diagram of cyclic ADP-ribose biosynthesis, click here
Glossary: 2′-phospho-cyclic ADP-ribose = cADPRP
nicotinic acid-adenine dinucleotide phosphate = NAADP+
Other name(s): diphosphopyridine nucleosidase (ambiguous); CD38 (gene name); BST1 (gene name)
Systematic name: NADP+:nicotinate ADP-ribosyltransferase
Comments: This multiunctional enzyme catalyses both the removal of nicotinamide from NADP+, forming 2′-phospho-cyclic ADP-ribose, and the addition of nicotinate to the cyclic product, forming NAADP+, a calcium messenger that can mobilize intracellular Ca2+ stores and activate Ca2+ influx to regulate a wide range of physiological processes. In addition, the enzyme also catalyses EC 3.2.2.6, ADP-ribosyl cyclase/cyclic ADP-ribose hydrolase.
Links to other databases: BRENDA, EXPASY, KEGG, MetaCyc, PDB
References:
1.  Chini, E.N., Chini, C.C., Kato, I., Takasawa, S. and Okamoto, H. CD38 is the major enzyme responsible for synthesis of nicotinic acid-adenine dinucleotide phosphate in mammalian tissues. Biochem. J. 362 (2002) 125–130. [PMID: 11829748]
2.  Moreschi, I., Bruzzone, S., Melone, L., De Flora, A. and Zocchi, E. NAADP+ synthesis from cADPRP and nicotinic acid by ADP-ribosyl cyclases. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 345 (2006) 573–580. [DOI] [PMID: 16690024]
[EC 2.4.99.20 created 2014]
 
 
EC 2.4.99.21     
Accepted name: dolichyl-phosphooligosaccharide-protein glycotransferase
Reaction: an archaeal dolichyl phosphooligosaccharide + [protein]-L-asparagine = an archaeal dolichyl phosphate + a glycoprotein with the oligosaccharide chain attached by N-β-D-glycosyl linkage to a protein L-asparagine
Other name(s): AglB; archaeal oligosaccharyl transferase; dolichyl-monophosphooligosaccharide-protein glycotransferase
Systematic name: dolichyl-phosphooligosaccharide:protein-L-asparagine N-β-D-oligosaccharidotransferase
Comments: The enzyme, characterized from the archaea Methanococcus voltae and Haloferax volcanii, transfers a glycan component from dolichyl phosphooligosaccharide to external proteins. It is different from EC 2.4.99.18, dolichyl-diphosphooligosaccharide-protein glycotransferase, which uses dolichyl diphosphate as carrier compound in bacteria and eukaryotes. The enzyme participates in the N-glycosylation of proteins in some archaea. It requires Mn2+. Dolichol used by archaea is different from that used by eukaryotes. It is much shorter (C55-C60), it is α,ω-saturated and it may have additional unsaturated positions in the chain.
Links to other databases: BRENDA, EXPASY, KEGG, MetaCyc, PDB
References:
1.  Chaban, B., Voisin, S., Kelly, J., Logan, S.M. and Jarrell, K.F. Identification of genes involved in the biosynthesis and attachment of Methanococcus voltae N-linked glycans: insight into N-linked glycosylation pathways in Archaea. Mol. Microbiol. 61 (2006) 259–268. [DOI] [PMID: 16824110]
2.  Larkin, A., Chang, M.M., Whitworth, G.E. and Imperiali, B. Biochemical evidence for an alternate pathway in N-linked glycoprotein biosynthesis. Nat. Chem. Biol. 9 (2013) 367–373. [DOI] [PMID: 23624439]
3.  Cohen-Rosenzweig, C., Guan, Z., Shaanan, B. and Eichler, J. Substrate promiscuity: AglB, the archaeal oligosaccharyltransferase, can process a variety of lipid-linked glycans. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 80 (2014) 486–496. [DOI] [PMID: 24212570]
[EC 2.4.99.21 created 2015]
 
 
EC 2.4.99.22      
Transferred entry: N-acetylglucosaminide α-(2,6)-sialyltransferase. Now EC 2.4.3.10, N-acetylglucosaminide α-(2,6)-sialyltransferase
[EC 2.4.99.22 created 2020, deleted 2022]
 
 
EC 2.4.99.23     
Accepted name: lipopolysaccharide heptosyltransferase I
Reaction: ADP-L-glycero-β-D-manno-heptose + an α-Kdo-(2→4)-α-Kdo-(2→6)-[lipid A] = ADP + an α-Hep-(1→5)-[α-Kdo-(2→4)]-α-Kdo-(2→6)-[lipid A]
Glossary: Lipid A is a lipid component of the lipopolysaccharides (LPS) of Gram-negative bacteria. It consists of two glucosamine units connected by a β(1→6) bond and decorated with four to seven acyl chains and up to two phosphate groups.
Hep = L-glycero-D-manno-heptose
Other name(s): HepI; rfaC (gene name); WaaC; heptosyltransferase I (ambiguous)
Systematic name: ADP-L-glycero-β-D-manno-heptose:an α-Kdo-(2→4)-α-Kdo-(2→6)-[lipid A] 5-α-heptosyltransferase
Comments: The enzyme catalyses a glycosylation step in the biosynthesis of the inner core oligosaccharide of the lipopolysaccharide (endotoxin) of many Gram-negative bacteria.
Links to other databases: BRENDA, EXPASY, KEGG, MetaCyc
References:
1.  Kadrmas, J.L. and Raetz, C.R. Enzymatic synthesis of lipopolysaccharide in Escherichia coli. Purification and properties of heptosyltransferase i. J. Biol. Chem. 273 (1998) 2799–2807. [DOI] [PMID: 9446588]
2.  de Kievit, T.R. and Lam, J.S. Isolation and characterization of two genes, waaC (rfaC) and waaF (rfaF), involved in Pseudomonas aeruginosa serotype O5 inner-core biosynthesis. J. Bacteriol. 179 (1997) 3451–3457. [DOI] [PMID: 9171387]
3.  Klena, J.D., Gray, S.A. and Konkel, M.E. Cloning, sequencing, and characterization of the lipopolysaccharide biosynthetic enzyme heptosyltransferase I gene (waaC) from Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli. Gene 222 (1998) 177–185. [DOI] [PMID: 9831648]
4.  Gronow, S., Oertelt, C., Ervela, E., Zamyatina, A., Kosma, P., Skurnik, M. and Holst, O. Characterization of the physiological substrate for lipopolysaccharide heptosyltransferases I and II. J Endotoxin Res 7 (2001) 263–270. [PMID: 11717579]
5.  Grizot, S., Salem, M., Vongsouthi, V., Durand, L., Moreau, F., Dohi, H., Vincent, S., Escaich, S. and Ducruix, A. Structure of the Escherichia coli heptosyltransferase WaaC: binary complexes with ADP and ADP-2-deoxy-2-fluoro heptose. J. Mol. Biol. 363 (2006) 383–394. [DOI] [PMID: 16963083]
[EC 2.4.99.23 created 2022]
 
 
EC 2.4.99.24     
Accepted name: lipopolysaccharide heptosyltransferase II
Reaction: ADP-L-glycero-β-D-manno-heptose + an α-Hep-(1→5)-[α-Kdo-(2→4)]-α-Kdo-(2→6)-[lipid A] = ADP + an α-Hep-(1→3)-α-Hep-(1→5)-[α-Kdo-(2→4)]-α-Kdo-(2→6)-[lipid A]
Glossary: Lipid A is a lipid component of the lipopolysaccharides (LPS) of Gram-negative bacteria. It consists of two glucosamine units connected by a β(1→6) bond and decorated with four to seven acyl chains and up to two phosphate groups.
Hep = L-glycero-D-manno-heptose
Other name(s): HepII; rfaF (gene name); WaaF; heptosyltransferase II
Systematic name: ADP-L-glycero-β-D-manno-heptose:an α-L-glycero-D-manno-heptosyl-(1→5)-[α-Kdo-(2→4)]-α -Kdo-(2→6)-[lipid A] 3-α-heptosyltransferase
Comments: The enzyme catalyses a glycosylation step in the biosynthesis of the inner core oligosaccharide of the lipopolysaccharide (endotoxin) of some Gram-negative bacteria.
Links to other databases: BRENDA, EXPASY, KEGG, MetaCyc
References:
1.  Allen, A.G., Isobe, T. and Maskell, D.J. Identification and cloning of waaF (rfaF) from Bordetella pertussis and use to generate mutants of Bordetella spp. with deep rough lipopolysaccharide. J. Bacteriol. 180 (1998) 35–40. [DOI] [PMID: 9422589]
2.  Bauer, B.A., Lumbley, S.R. and Hansen, E.J. Characterization of a WaaF (RfaF) homolog expressed by Haemophilus ducreyi. Infect. Immun. 67 (1999) 899–907. [DOI] [PMID: 9916106]
3.  Gronow, S., Brabetz, W. and Brade, H. Comparative functional characterization in vitro of heptosyltransferase I (WaaC) and II (WaaF) from Escherichia coli. Eur. J. Biochem. 267 (2000) 6602–6611. [DOI] [PMID: 11054112]
4.  Gronow, S., Oertelt, C., Ervela, E., Zamyatina, A., Kosma, P., Skurnik, M. and Holst, O. Characterization of the physiological substrate for lipopolysaccharide heptosyltransferases I and II. J Endotoxin Res 7 (2001) 263–270. [PMID: 11717579]
5.  Oldfield, N.J., Moran, A.P., Millar, L.A., Prendergast, M.M. and Ketley, J.M. Characterization of the Campylobacter jejuni heptosyltransferase II gene, waaF, provides genetic evidence that extracellular polysaccharide is lipid A core independent. J. Bacteriol. 184 (2002) 2100–2107. [DOI] [PMID: 11914340]
[EC 2.4.99.24 created 2022]
 
 
EC 2.4.99.25     
Accepted name: lipopolysaccharide heptosyltransferase III
Reaction: ADP-L-glycero-β-D-manno-heptose + an α-Hep-(1→3)-4-O-phospho-α-Hep-(1→5)-[α-Kdo-(2→4)]-α-Kdo-(2→6)-[lipid A] = ADP + an α-Hep-(1→7)-α-Hep-(1→3)-4-O-phospho-α-Hep-(1→5)-[α-Kdo-(2→4)]-α-Kdo-(2→6)-[lipid A]
Glossary: Lipid A is a lipid component of the lipopolysaccharides (LPS) of Gram-negative bacteria. It consists of two glucosamine units connected by a β(1→6) bond and decorated with four to seven acyl chains and up to two phosphate groups.
Hep = L-glycero-D-manno-heptose
Other name(s): waaQ (gene name); rfaQ (gene name)
Systematic name: ADP-L-glycero-β-D-manno-heptose:an α-Hep-(1→3)-4-O-phospho-α-Hep-(1→5)-[α-Kdo-(2→4)]-α-Kdo-(2→6)-[lipid A] heptoseI 7-α-heptosyltransferase
Comments: The enzyme catalyses a glycosylation step in the biosynthesis of the inner core oligosaccharide of the lipopolysaccharide (endotoxin) of some Gram-negative bacteria.
Links to other databases: BRENDA, EXPASY, KEGG, MetaCyc
References:
1.  Mudapaka, J. and Taylor, E.A. Cloning and characterization of the Escherichia coli heptosyltransferase III: Exploring substrate specificity in lipopolysaccharide core biosynthesis. FEBS Lett. 589 (2015) 1423–1429. [DOI] [PMID: 25957775]
[EC 2.4.99.25 created 2022]
 
 


Data © 2001–2023 IUBMB
Web site © 2005–2023 Andrew McDonald