The Enzyme Database

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EC 1.14.13.144      
Transferred entry: 9β-pimara-7,15-diene oxidase. Now EC 1.14.14.111, 9β-pimara-7,15-diene oxidase.
[EC 1.14.13.144 created 2012, deleted 2018]
 
 
EC 1.14.14.68     
Accepted name: syn-pimaradiene 3-monooxygenase
Reaction: 9β-pimara-7,15-diene + [reduced NADPH—hemoprotein reductase] + O2 = 9β-pimara-7,15-diene-3β-ol + [oxidized NADPH—hemoprotein reductase] + H2O
For diagram of momilactone A biosynthesis, click here
Glossary: syn-pimara-7,15-diene = 9β-pimara-7,15-diene
Other name(s): CYP701A8
Systematic name: 9β-pimara7,15-diene,[reduced NADPH—hemoprotein reductase]:oxygen oxidoreductase (9β-pimara-7,15-diene-3β-ol-forming)
Comments: A cytochrome P-450 (heme-thiolate) protein isolated from rice, Oryza sativa.
Links to other databases: BRENDA, EXPASY, KEGG, MetaCyc
References:
1.  Kitaoka, N., Wu, Y., Xu, M. and Peters, R.J. Optimization of recombinant expression enables discovery of novel cytochrome P450 activity in rice diterpenoid biosynthesis. Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 99 (2015) 7549–7558. [DOI] [PMID: 25758958]
[EC 1.14.14.68 created 2018]
 
 
EC 1.14.14.111     
Accepted name: 9β-pimara-7,15-diene oxidase
Reaction: 9β-pimara-7,15-diene + 3 O2 + 3 [reduced NADPH—hemoprotein reductase] = 9β-pimara-7,15-dien-19-oate + 3 [oxidized NADPH—hemoprotein reductase] + 4 H2O (overall reaction)
(1a) 9β-pimara-7,15-diene + O2 + [reduced NADPH—hemoprotein reductase] = 9β-pimara-7,15-dien-19-ol + [oxidized NADPH—hemoprotein reductase] + H2O
(1b) 9β-pimara-7,15-dien-19-ol + O2 + [reduced NADPH—hemoprotein reductase] = 9β-pimara-7,15-dien-19-al + [oxidized NADPH—hemoprotein reductase] + 2 H2O
(1c) 9β-pimara-7,15-dien-19-al + O2 + [reduced NADPH—hemoprotein reductase] = 9β-pimara-7,15-dien-19-oate + [oxidized NADPH—hemoprotein reductase] + H2O
For diagram of momilactone A biosynthesis, click here
Glossary: syn-pimara-7,15-diene = 9β-pimara-7,15-diene
Other name(s): CYP99A3; 9β-pimara-7,15-diene monooxygenase
Systematic name: 9β-pimara-7,15-diene,[reduced NADPH—hemoprotein reductase]:oxygen 19-oxidoreductase
Comments: A cytochrome P-450 (heme-thiolate) protein. The enzyme from rice (Oryza sativa) is involved in the biosynthesis of the phytoalexin momilactone. It also acts similarly on 9β-stemod-13(17)-ene.
Links to other databases: BRENDA, EXPASY, KEGG, MetaCyc
References:
1.  Wang, Q., Hillwig, M.L. and Peters, R.J. CYP99A3: functional identification of a diterpene oxidase from the momilactone biosynthetic gene cluster in rice. Plant J. 65 (2011) 87–95. [DOI] [PMID: 21175892]
[EC 1.14.14.111 created 2012 as EC 1.14.13.144, transferred 2018 to EC 1.14.14.111]
 
 
EC 4.2.3.35     
Accepted name: syn-pimara-7,15-diene synthase
Reaction: 9α-copalyl diphosphate = 9β-pimara-7,15-diene + diphosphate
For diagram of the biosynthesis of diterpenoids from 9alpha-copalyl diphosphate, click here
Glossary: syn-copalyl diphosphate = 9α-copalyl diphosphate
syn-pimara-7,15-diene = 9β-pimara-7,15-diene
Other name(s): 9β-pimara-7,15-diene synthase; OsDTS2; OsKS4
Systematic name: 9α-copalyl-diphosphate diphosphate-lyase (9β-pimara-7,15-diene-forming)
Comments: This enzyme is a class I terpene synthase [1]. 9β-Pimara-7,15-diene is a precursor of momilactones A and B, rice diterpenoid phytoalexins that are produced in response to attack (by a pathogen, elicitor or UV irradiation) and are involved in the defense mechanism of the plant. Momilactone B can also act as an allochemical, being constitutively produced in the root of the plant and secreted to the rhizosphere where it suppresses the growth of neighbouring plants and soil microorganisms [1].
Links to other databases: BRENDA, EXPASY, KEGG, MetaCyc
References:
1.  Wilderman, P.R., Xu, M., Jin, Y., Coates, R.M. and Peters, R.J. Identification of syn-pimara-7,15-diene synthase reveals functional clustering of terpene synthases involved in rice phytoalexin/allelochemical biosynthesis. Plant Physiol. 135 (2004) 2098–2105. [DOI] [PMID: 15299118]
2.  Otomo, K., Kanno, Y., Motegi, A., Kenmoku, H., Yamane, H., Mitsuhashi, W., Oikawa, H., Toshima, H., Itoh, H., Matsuoka, M., Sassa, T. and Toyomasu, T. Diterpene cyclases responsible for the biosynthesis of phytoalexins, momilactones A, B, and oryzalexins A-F in rice. Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem. 68 (2004) 2001–2006. [DOI] [PMID: 15388982]
[EC 4.2.3.35 created 2008]
 
 


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