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Your query returned 12 entries. Printable version
EC | 1.14.13.183 | ||||||
Transferred entry: | dammarenediol 12-hydroxylase. Now EC 1.14.14.120, dammarenediol 12-hydroxylase | ||||||
EC | 1.14.13.184 | ||||||
Transferred entry: | protopanaxadiol 6-hydroxylase. Now EC 1.14.14.121, protopanaxadiol 6-hydroxylase | ||||||
EC | 1.14.14.120 | ||||||
Accepted name: | dammarenediol 12-hydroxylase | ||||||
Reaction: | dammarenediol-II + [reduced NADPH—hemoprotein reductase] + O2 = protopanaxadiol + [oxidized NADPH—hemoprotein reductase] + H2O | ||||||
For diagram of dammarenediol II and tirucalla-7,24-dien-3β-ol biosynthesis, click here | |||||||
Glossary: | dammarenediol-II = dammar-24-ene-3β,20-diol protopanaxadiol = dammar-24-ene-3β,12β,20-triol |
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Other name(s): | protopanaxadiol synthase; CYP716A47 | ||||||
Systematic name: | dammarenediol-II,[reduced NADPH—hemoprotein reductase]:oxygen oxidoreductase (12β-hydroxylating) | ||||||
Comments: | A cytochrome P-450 (heme-thiolate) protein isolated from ginseng (Panax ginseng). Involved in the biosynthetic pathway of ginsenosides. | ||||||
Links to other databases: | BRENDA, EXPASY, KEGG, MetaCyc | ||||||
References: |
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EC | 1.14.14.121 | ||||||
Accepted name: | protopanaxadiol 6-hydroxylase | ||||||
Reaction: | protopanaxadiol + [reduced NADPH—hemoprotein reductase] + O2 = protopanaxatriol + [oxidized NADPH—hemoprotein reductase] + H2O | ||||||
For diagram of dammarenediol II and tirucalla-7,24-dien-3β-ol biosynthesis, click here | |||||||
Glossary: | protopanaxadiol = dammar-24-ene-3β,12β,20-triol protopanaxatriol = dammar-24-ene-3β,6α,12β,20-tetrol |
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Other name(s): | protopanaxatriol synthase; P6H; CYP716A53v2 | ||||||
Systematic name: | protopanaxadiol,[reduced NADPH—hemoprotein reductase]:oxygen oxidoreductase (6α-hydroxylating) | ||||||
Comments: | A cytochrome P-450 (heme-thiolate) protein isolated from the rhizomes of ginseng (Panax ginseng). Involved in the biosynthetic pathway of ginsenosides. | ||||||
Links to other databases: | BRENDA, EXPASY, KEGG, MetaCyc | ||||||
References: |
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EC | 2.4.1.314 | ||||||
Accepted name: | ginsenoside Rd glucosyltransferase | ||||||
Reaction: | UDP-α-D-glucose + ginsenoside Rd = UDP + ginsenoside Rb1 | ||||||
For diagram of protopanaxadiol ginsenosides ginsenosidases, click here | |||||||
Glossary: | ginsenoside Rd = 20-(β-D-glucopyranosyl)oxy-3β-[β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→2)-β-D-glucopyranosyloxy]dammar-24-en-12β-ol ginsenoside Rb1 = 3β-[β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→2)-β-D-glucopyranosyloxy]-20-[β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→6)-β-D-glucopyranosyloxy]dammar-24-en-12β-ol |
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Other name(s): | UDPG:ginsenoside Rd glucosyltransferase; UDP-glucose:ginsenoside Rd glucosyltransferase; UGRdGT | ||||||
Systematic name: | UDP-glucose:ginsenoside-Rd β-1,6-glucosyltransferase | ||||||
Comments: | The glucosyl group forms a 1→6 bond to the glucosyloxy moiety at C-20 of ginsenoside Rd. Isolated from sanchi ginseng (Panax notoginseng). | ||||||
Links to other databases: | BRENDA, EXPASY, KEGG, MetaCyc | ||||||
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EC | 2.4.1.363 | ||||||
Accepted name: | ginsenoside 20-O-glucosyltransferase | ||||||
Reaction: | UDP-α-D-glucose + (20S)-protopanaxadiol = UDP + ginsenoside C-K | ||||||
Glossary: | (20S)-protopanaxadiol = (3β,12β)-dammar-24-ene-3,12,20-triol ginsenoside C-K = (3β,12β)-3,12-dihydroxydammar-24-en-20-yl β-D-glucopyranoside |
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Other name(s): | UGT71A27 (gene name) | ||||||
Systematic name: | UDP-α-D-glucose:(20S)-protopanaxadiol 20-O-glucosyltransferase (configuration-inverting) | ||||||
Comments: | The enzyme, characterized from the plant Panax ginseng, transfers a glucosyl moiety to the free C20(S)-OH group of dammarane derivative substrates, including protopanaxatriol, dammarenediol II, (20S)-ginsenoside Rh2, and (20S)-ginsenoside Rg3. It does not act on the 20R epimer of protopanaxadiol, or on ginsenosides that are glucosylated at the C-6 position, such as ginsenoside Rh1 or ginsenoside Rg2. | ||||||
Links to other databases: | BRENDA, EXPASY, KEGG, MetaCyc | ||||||
References: |
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EC | 2.4.1.364 | ||||||
Accepted name: | protopanaxadiol-type ginsenoside 3-O-glucosyltransferase | ||||||
Reaction: | (1) UDP-α-D-glucose + (20S)-protopanaxadiol = UDP + (20S)-ginsenoside Rh2 (2) UDP-α-D-glucose + ginsenoside C-K = UDP + ginsenoside F2 |
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Glossary: | (20S)-protopanaxadiol = (3β,12β)-dammar-24-ene-3,12,20-triol ginsenoside C-K = (3β,12β)-3,12-dihydroxydammar-24-en-20-yl β-D-glucopyranoside |
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Other name(s): | UGT74AE2 (gene name) | ||||||
Systematic name: | UDP-α-D-glucose:protopanaxadiol-type ginsenoside 3-O-glucosyltransferase (configuration-retaining) | ||||||
Comments: | The enzyme, characterized from the plant Panax ginseng, transfers a glucosyl moiety to the free C-3-OH group of (20S)-protopanaxadiol and ginsenoside C-K. | ||||||
Links to other databases: | BRENDA, EXPASY, KEGG, MetaCyc | ||||||
References: |
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EC | 2.4.1.365 | ||||||
Accepted name: | protopanaxadiol-type ginsenoside-3-O-glucoside 2′′-O-glucosyltransferase | ||||||
Reaction: | (1) UDP-α-D-glucose + (20S)-ginsenoside Rh2 = UDP + (20S)-ginsenoside Rg3 (2) UDP-α-D-glucose + ginsenoside F2 = UDP + ginsenoside Rd |
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Glossary: | (20S)-ginsenoside Rh2 = (3β,12β)-12,20-dihydroxydammar-24-en-3-yl β-D-glucopyranoside ginsenoside F2 = (3β,12β)-20-(β-D-glucopyranosyloxy)-12-hydroxydammar-24-en-3-yl β-D-glucopyranoside |
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Other name(s): | UGT94Q2 (gene name) | ||||||
Systematic name: | UDP-α-D-glucose:3-O-glucosyl-protopanaxadiol-type ginsenoside 2′′-O-glucosyltransferase | ||||||
Comments: | The enzyme, characterized from the plant Panax ginseng, transfers a glucosyl moiety to the 2′′ position of the glucose moiety in the protopanaxadiol-type ginsenoside-3-O-glucosides (20S)-ginsenoside Rh2 and ginsenoside F2. | ||||||
Links to other databases: | BRENDA, EXPASY, KEGG, MetaCyc | ||||||
References: |
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EC | 3.2.1.191 | ||||||
Accepted name: | ginsenosidase type III | ||||||
Reaction: | a protopanaxadiol-type ginsenoside with two glucosyl residues at position 3 + 2 H2O = a protopanaxadiol-type ginsenoside with no glycosidic modification at position 3 + 2 D-glucopyranose (overall reaction) (1a) a protopanaxadiol-type ginsenoside with two glucosyl residues at position 3 + H2O a protopanaxadiol-type ginsenoside with one glucosyl residue at position 3 + D-glucopyranose (1b) a protopanaxadiol-type ginsenoside with one glucosyl residue at position 3 + H2O = a protopanaxadiol-type ginsenoside with no glycosidic modification at position 3 + D-glucopyranose |
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For diagram of protopanaxadiol ginsenosides ginsenosidases, click here | |||||||
Glossary: | ginsenoside Rb1 = 3β-[β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→2)-β-D-glucopyranosyloxy]-20-[β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→6)-β-D-glucopyranosyloxy]dammar-24-en-12β-ol gypenoside XVII = 3β-(β-D-glucopyranosyloxy)-20-[β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→6)-β-D-glucopyranosyloxy]dammar-24-en-12β-ol gypenoside LXXV = 20-[β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→6)-β-D-glucopyranosyloxy]dammar-24-ene-3β,12β-diol |
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Systematic name: | protopanaxadiol-type ginsenoside 3-β-D-hydrolase | ||||||
Comments: | Ginsenosidase type III catalyses the sequential hydrolysis of the 3-O-β-D-(1→2)-glucopyranosyl bond followed by hydrolysis of the 3-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl bond of protopanaxadiol ginsenosides. When acting for example on ginsenoside Rb1 the enzyme first generates ginsenoside XVII, and subsequently ginsenoside LXXV. | ||||||
Links to other databases: | BRENDA, EXPASY, KEGG, MetaCyc | ||||||
References: |
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EC | 3.2.1.192 | ||||||
Accepted name: | ginsenoside Rb1 β-glucosidase | ||||||
Reaction: | ginsenoside Rb1 + 2 H2O = ginsenoside Rg3 + 2 D-glucopyranose (overall reaction) (1a) ginsenoside Rb1 + H2O = ginsenoside Rd + D-glucopyranose (1b) ginsenoside Rd + H2O = ginsenoside Rg3 + D-glucopyranose |
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For diagram of protopanaxadiol ginsenosides ginsenosidases, click here | |||||||
Glossary: | ginsenoside Rb1 = 3β-[β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→2)-β-D-glucopyranosyloxy]-20-[β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→6)-β-D-glucopyranosyloxy]dammar-24-en-12β-ol ginsenoside Rd = 3β-[β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→2)-β-D-glucopyranosyloxy]-20-(β-D-glucopyranosyloxy)dammar-24-en-12β-ol ginsenoside F2 = 3β,20-bis(β-D-glucopyranosyloxy)dammar-24-en-12β-ol |
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Systematic name: | ginsenoside Rb1 glucohydrolase | ||||||
Comments: | Ginsenosidases catalyse the hydrolysis of glycosyl moieties attached to the C-3, C-6 or C-20 position of ginsenosides. They are specific with respect to the nature of the glycosidic linkage, the position and the order in which the linkages are cleaved. Ginsenoside Rb1 β-glucosidase specifically and sequentially hydrolyses the 20-[β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→6)-β-D glucopyranosyloxy] residues attached to position 20 by first hydrolysing the (1→6)-glucosidic bond to generate ginsenoside Rd as an intermediate, followed by hydrolysis of the remaining 20-O-β-D-glucosidic bond. | ||||||
Links to other databases: | BRENDA, EXPASY, KEGG, MetaCyc | ||||||
References: |
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EC | 3.2.1.193 | ||||||
Accepted name: | ginsenosidase type I | ||||||
Reaction: | (1) a protopanaxadiol-type ginsenoside with two glucosyl residues at position 3 + H2O = a protopanaxadiol-type ginsenoside with one glucosyl residue at position 3 + D-glucopyranose (2) a protopanaxadiol-type ginsenoside with one glucosyl residue at position 3 + H2O = a protopanaxadiol-type ginsenoside with no glycosidic modifications at position 3 + D-glucopyranose (3) a protopanaxadiol-type ginsenoside with two glycosyl residues at position 20 + H2O = a protopanaxadiol-type ginsenoside with a single glucosyl residue at position 20 + a monosaccharide |
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For diagram of protopanaxadiol ginsenosides ginsenosidases, click here | |||||||
Glossary: | ginsenoside Rb1 = 3β-[β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→2)-β-D-glucopyranosyloxy]-20-[β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→6)-β-D-glucopyranosyloxy]dammar-24-en-12β-ol ginsenoside Rb2 = 3β-[β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→2)-β-D glucopyranosyloxy]-20-[α-L-arabinopyranosyl-(1→6)-β-D glucopyranosyloxy]dammar-24-en-12β-ol ginsenoside Rb3 = 3β-[β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→2)-β-D glucopyranosyloxy]-20-[β-D-xylopyranosyl-(1→6)-β-D glucopyranosyloxy]dammar-24-en-12β-ol ginsenoside Rc = 3β-[β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→2)-β-D glucopyranosyloxy]-20-[α-L-arabinofuranosyl-(1→6)-β-D glucopyranosyloxy]dammar-24-en-12β-ol ginsenoside Rd = 3β-[β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→2)-β-D-glucopyranosyloxy]-20-(β-D-glucopyranosyloxy)dammar-24-en-12β-ol ginsenoside F2 = 3β,20-bis(β-D-glucopyranosyloxy)dammar-24-en-12β-ol ginsenoside C-K = 20β-(β-D-glucopyranosyloxy)dammar-24-ene-3β,12β-diol ginsenoside Rh2 = 3β-(β-D-glucopyranosyloxy)dammar-24-ene-12β,20-diol |
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Systematic name: | ginsenoside glucohydrolase | ||||||
Comments: | Ginsenosidase type I is slightly activated by Mg2+ or Ca2+ [1]. The enzyme hydrolyses the 3-O-β-D-(1→2)-glucosidic bond, the 3-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl bond and the 20-O-β-D-(1→6)-glycosidic bond of protopanaxadiol-type ginsenosides. It usually leaves a single glucosyl residue attached at position 20 and one or no glucosyl residues at position 3. Starting with a ginsenoside that is glycosylated at both positions (e.g. ginsenoside Rb1, Rb2, Rb3, Rc or Rd), the most common products are ginsenoside F2 and ginsenoside C-K, with low amounts of ginsenoside Rh2. | ||||||
Links to other databases: | BRENDA, EXPASY, KEGG, MetaCyc | ||||||
References: |
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EC | 3.2.1.195 | ||||||
Accepted name: | 20-O-multi-glycoside ginsenosidase | ||||||
Reaction: | a protopanaxadiol-type ginsenoside with two glycosyl residues at position 20 + H2O = a protopanaxadiol-type ginsenoside with a single glucosyl residue at position 20 + a monosaccharide | ||||||
For diagram of protopanaxadiol ginsenosides ginsenosidases, click here | |||||||
Glossary: | ginsenoside Rb1 = 3β-[β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→2)-β-D-glucopyranosyloxy]-20-[β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→6)-β-D-glucopyranosyloxy]dammar-24-en-12β-ol ginsenoside Rb2 = 3β-[β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→2)-β-D glucopyranosyloxy]-20-[α-L-arabinopyranosyl-(1→6)-β-D glucopyranosyloxy]dammar-24-en-12β-ol ginsenoside Rb3 = 3β-[β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→2)-β-D glucopyranosyloxy]-20-[β-D-xylopyranosyl-(1→6)-β-D glucopyranosyloxy]dammar-24-en-12β-ol ginsenoside Rc = 3β-[β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→2)-β-D glucopyranosyloxy]-20-[α-L-arabinofuranosyl-(1→6)-β-D glucopyranosyloxy]dammar-24-en-12β-ol ginsenoside Rd = 3β-[β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→2)-β-D-glucopyranosyloxy]-20-(β-D-glucopyranosyloxy)dammar-24-en-12β-ol ginsenoside Rg3 = 3β-[β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→2)-β-D-glucopyranosyloxy]-20-(β-D-glucopyranosyloxy)dammar-24-ene-12β,20-diol |
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Other name(s): | ginsenosidase type II (erroneous) | ||||||
Systematic name: | protopanaxadiol-type ginsenoside 20-β-D-glucohydrolase | ||||||
Comments: | The 20-O-multi-glycoside ginsenosidase catalyses the hydrolysis of the 20-O-α-(1→6)-glycosidic bond and the 20-O-β-(1→6)-glycosidic bond of protopanaxadiol-type ginsenosides. The enzyme usually leaves a single glucosyl residue attached at position 20, although it can cleave the remaining glucosyl residue with a lower efficiency. Starting with a ginsenoside that is glycosylated at positions 3 and 20, such as ginsenosides Rb1, Rb2, Rb3 and Rc, the most common product is ginsenoside Rd, with a low amount of ginsenoside Rg3 also formed. | ||||||
Links to other databases: | BRENDA, EXPASY, KEGG, MetaCyc | ||||||
References: |
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