The Enzyme Database

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EC 2.8.1.2     
Accepted name: 3-mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase
Reaction: 2-oxo-3-sulfanylpropanoate + reduced thioredoxin = pyruvate + hydrogen sulfide + oxidized thioredoxin (overall reaction)
(1a) 2-oxo-3-sulfanylpropanoate + [3-mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase]-L-cysteine = pyruvate + [3-mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase]-S-sulfanyl-L-cysteine
(1b) [3-mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase]-S-sulfanyl-L-cysteine + reduced thioredoxin = hydrogen sulfide + [3-mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase]-L-cysteine + oxidized thioredoxin
Glossary: 2-oxo-3-sulfanylpropanoate = 3-mercaptopyruvate (deprecated)
Other name(s): β-mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase; TUM1 (gene name); MPST (gene name); 3-mercaptopyruvate:cyanide sulfurtransferase
Systematic name: 2-oxo-3-sulfanylpropanoate:sulfide sulfurtransferase
Comments: The enzyme catalyses a transsulfuration reaction from 2-oxo-3-sulfanylpropanoate to an internal cysteine residue. In the presence of a dithiol such as reduced thioredoxin or dihydrolipoate, the sulfanyl sulfur is released as hydrogen sulfide. The enzyme participates in a sulfur relay process that leads to the 2-thiolation of some tRNAs and to protein urmylation by transferring sulfur between the NFS1 cysteine desulfurase (EC 2.8.1.7) and the MOCS3 sulfurtransferase (EC 2.8.1.11).
Links to other databases: BRENDA, EXPASY, KEGG, MetaCyc, PDB, CAS registry number: 9026-05-5
References:
1.  Fiedler, H. and Wood, J.L. Specificity studies on the β-mercaptopyruvate-cyanide transsulfuration system. J. Biol. Chem. 222 (1956) 387–397. [PMID: 13367011]
2.  Sörbo, B.H. Enzymic transfer of sulfur from mercaptopyruvate to sulfite or sulfinates. Biochem. Biophys. Acta 24 (1957) 324–329. [PMID: 13436433]
3.  Hylin, J.W. and Wood, J.L. Enzymatic formation of polysulfides from mercaptopyruvate. J. Biol. Chem. 234 (1959) 2141–2144. [PMID: 13673028]
4.  van den Hamer, C.J.A., Morell, A.G. and Scheinberg, H.I. A study of the copper content of β-mercaptopyruvate trans-sulfurase. J. Biol. Chem. 242 (1967) 2514–2516. [PMID: 6026243]
5.  Vachek, H. and Wood, J.L. Purification and properties of mercaptopyruvate sulfur transferase of Escherichia coli. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 258 (1972) 133–146. [DOI] [PMID: 4550801]
6.  Nagahara, N. and Katayama, A. Post-translational regulation of mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase via a low redox potential cysteine-sulfenate in the maintenance of redox homeostasis. J. Biol. Chem. 280 (2005) 34569–34576. [DOI] [PMID: 16107337]
7.  Shibuya, N., Tanaka, M., Yoshida, M., Ogasawara, Y., Togawa, T., Ishii, K. and Kimura, H. 3-Mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase produces hydrogen sulfide and bound sulfane sulfur in the brain. Antioxid Redox Signal 11 (2009) 703–714. [DOI] [PMID: 18855522]
8.  Mikami, Y., Shibuya, N., Kimura, Y., Nagahara, N., Ogasawara, Y. and Kimura, H. Thioredoxin and dihydrolipoic acid are required for 3-mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase to produce hydrogen sulfide. Biochem. J. 439 (2011) 479–485. [DOI] [PMID: 21732914]
[EC 2.8.1.2 created 1961, modified 2018]
 
 
EC 2.8.1.4     
Accepted name: tRNA uracil 4-sulfurtransferase
Reaction: ATP + [ThiI sulfur-carrier protein]-S-sulfanyl-L-cysteine + uracil in tRNA + 2 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster = AMP + diphosphate + 4-thiouracil in tRNA + [ThiI sulfur-carrier protein]-L-cysteine + 2 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster
Other name(s): thiI (gene name); transfer ribonucleate sulfurtransferase (ambiguous); RNA sulfurtransferase (ambiguous); ribonucleate sulfurtransferase (ambiguous); transfer RNA sulfurtransferase (ambiguous); transfer RNA thiolase (ambiguous); L-cysteine:tRNA sulfurtransferase (incorrect); tRNA sulfurtransferase (ambiguous)
Systematic name: [ThiI sulfur-carrier protein]-S-sulfanyl-L-cysteine:uracil in tRNA sulfurtransferase
Comments: The enzyme, found in bacteria and archaea, is activated by EC 2.8.1.7, cysteine desulfurase, which transfers a sulfur atom to an internal L-cysteine residue, forming a cysteine persulfide. The activated enzyme then transfers the sulfur to a uridine in a tRNA chain in a reaction that requires ATP. The enzyme from the bacterium Escherichia coli forms 4-thiouridine only at position 8 of tRNA. The enzyme also participates in the biosynthesis of the thiazole moiety of thiamine, but different domains are involved in the two processes.
Links to other databases: BRENDA, EXPASY, KEGG, MetaCyc, PDB, CAS registry number: 9055-57-6
References:
1.  Abrell, J.W., Kaufman, E.E. and Lipsett, M.N. The biosynthesis of 4-thiouridylate. Separation and purification of two enzymes in the transfer ribonucleic acid-sulfurtransferase system. J. Biol. Chem. 246 (1971) 294–301. [PMID: 5541999]
2.  Hayward, R.S. and Weiss, S.B. RNA thiolase: the enzymatic transfer of sulfur from cysteine to sRNA in Escherichia coli extracts. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 55 (1966) 1161–1168. [DOI] [PMID: 5334200]
3.  Lipsett, M.N. and Peterkofsky, A. Enzymatic thiolation of E. coli sRNA. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 55 (1966) 1169–1174. [DOI] [PMID: 5334201]
4.  Wong, T., Weiss, S.B., Eliceiri, G.L. and Bryant, J. Ribonucleic acid sulfurtransferase from Bacillus subtilis W168. Sulfuration with β-mercaptopyruvate and properties of the enzyme system. Biochemistry 9 (1970) 2376–2386. [PMID: 4987417]
5.  Kambampati, R. and Lauhon, C.T. Evidence for the transfer of sulfane sulfur from IscS to ThiI during the in vitro biosynthesis of 4-thiouridine in Escherichia coli tRNA. J. Biol. Chem. 275 (2000) 10727–10730. [DOI] [PMID: 10753862]
6.  Mueller, E.G., Palenchar, P.M. and Buck, C.J. The role of the cysteine residues of ThiI in the generation of 4-thiouridine in tRNA. J. Biol. Chem. 276 (2001) 33588–33595. [DOI] [PMID: 11443125]
7.  Lauhon, C.T., Erwin, W.M. and Ton, G.N. Substrate specificity for 4-thiouridine modification in Escherichia coli. J. Biol. Chem. 279 (2004) 23022–23029. [DOI] [PMID: 15037613]
8.  Neumann, P., Lakomek, K., Naumann, P.T., Erwin, W.M., Lauhon, C.T. and Ficner, R. Crystal structure of a 4-thiouridine synthetase-RNA complex reveals specificity of tRNA U8 modification. Nucleic Acids Res. 42 (2014) 6673–6685. [DOI] [PMID: 24705700]
9.  Liu, Y., Vinyard, D.J., Reesbeck, M.E., Suzuki, T., Manakongtreecheep, K., Holland, P.L., Brudvig, G.W. and Soll, D. A [3Fe-4S] cluster is required for tRNA thiolation in archaea and eukaryotes. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 113 (2016) 12703–12708. [DOI] [PMID: 27791189]
[EC 2.8.1.4 created 1984, modified 2017]
 
 


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