The Enzyme Database

Your query returned 15 entries.    printer_iconPrintable version

EC 1.1.1.52     
Accepted name: 3α-hydroxycholanate dehydrogenase (NAD+)
Reaction: lithocholate + NAD+ = 3-oxo-5β-cholan-24-oate + NADH + H+
For diagram of cholesterol catabolism (rings A, B and C), click here
Glossary: lithocholate = 3α-hydroxy-5β-cholan-24-oate
Other name(s): α-hydroxy-cholanate dehydrogenase; lithocholate:NAD+ oxidoreductase; 3α-hydroxycholanate dehydrogenase
Systematic name: lithocholate:NAD+ 3-oxidoreductase
Comments: Also acts on other 3α-hydroxysteroids with an acidic side-chain. cf. EC 1.1.1.392, 3α-hydroxycholanate dehydrogenase (NADP+).
Links to other databases: BRENDA, EXPASY, KEGG, MetaCyc, PDB, CAS registry number: 9028-57-3
References:
1.  Hayaishi, O., Saito, Y., Jakoby, W.B. and Stohlman, E.F. Reversible enzymatic oxidation of bile acids. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 56 (1955) 554–555. [DOI] [PMID: 14377608]
[EC 1.1.1.52 created 1961, modified 1976, modified 2016]
 
 
EC 1.1.1.391     
Accepted name: 3β-hydroxycholanate 3-dehydrogenase (NAD+)
Reaction: isolithocholate + NAD+ = 3-oxo-5β-cholan-24-oate + NADH + H+
Glossary: isolithocholate = 3β-hydroxy-5β-cholan-24-oate
Other name(s): 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase
Systematic name: isolithocholate:NAD+ 3-oxidoreductase
Comments: This bacterial enzyme is involved, along with EC 1.1.1.52, 3α-hydroxycholanate dehydrogenase (NAD+), or EC 1.1.1.392, 3α-hydroxycholanate dehydrogenase (NADP+), in the modification of secondary bile acids to form 3β-bile acids (also known as iso-bile acids). The enzyme catalyses the reaction in the reduction direction in vivo. Also acts on related 3-oxo bile acids. cf. EC 1.1.1.393, 3β-hydroxycholanate 3-dehydrogenase (NADP+).
Links to other databases: BRENDA, EXPASY, KEGG, MetaCyc
References:
1.  Edenharder, R., Pfutzner, A. and Hammann, R. Characterization of NAD-dependent 3 α- and 3 β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase and of NADP-dependent 7 β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase from Peptostreptococcus productus. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1004 (1989) 230–238. [DOI] [PMID: 2752021]
2.  Edenharder, R. and Pfutzner, M. Partial purification and characterization of an NAD-dependent 3 β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase from Clostridium innocuum. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 55 (1989) 1656–1659. [PMID: 2764572]
3.  Devlin, A.S. and Fischbach, M.A. A biosynthetic pathway for a prominent class of microbiota-derived bile acids. Nat. Chem. Biol. 11 (2015) 685–690. [DOI] [PMID: 26192599]
[EC 1.1.1.391 created 2016]
 
 
EC 1.1.1.392     
Accepted name: 3α-hydroxycholanate dehydrogenase (NADP+)
Reaction: lithocholate + NADP+ = 3-oxo-5β-cholan-24-oate + NADPH + H+
Glossary: lithocholate = 3α-hydroxy-5β-cholan-24-oate
Other name(s): α-hydroxy-cholanate dehydrogenase (ambiguous)
Systematic name: lithocholate:NADP+ 3-oxidoreductase
Comments: This bacterial enzyme is involved in the modification of secondary bile acids to form 3β-bile acids (also known as iso-bile acids) via a 3-oxo intermediate. The enzyme catalyses a reversible reaction in vitro. Also acts on related bile acids. cf. EC 1.1.1.52, 3α-hydroxycholanate dehydrogenase (NAD+).
Links to other databases: BRENDA, EXPASY, KEGG, MetaCyc, CAS registry number: 9028-57-3
References:
1.  Devlin, A.S. and Fischbach, M.A. A biosynthetic pathway for a prominent class of microbiota-derived bile acids. Nat. Chem. Biol. 11 (2015) 685–690. [DOI] [PMID: 26192599]
[EC 1.1.1.392 created 2016]
 
 
EC 1.1.1.393     
Accepted name: 3β-hydroxycholanate 3-dehydrogenase (NADP+)
Reaction: isolithocholate + NADP+ = 3-oxo-5β-cholan-24-oate + NADPH + H+
Glossary: isolithocholate = 3β-hydroxy-5β-cholan-24-oate
Other name(s): 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (ambiguous)
Systematic name: isolithocholate:NADP+ 3-oxidoreductase
Comments: This bacterial enzyme is involved, along with EC 1.1.1.52, 3α-hydroxycholanate dehydrogenase (NAD+), or EC 1.1.1.392, 3α-hydroxycholanate dehydrogenase (NADP+), in the modification of secondary bile acids to form 3β-bile acids (also known as iso-bile acids). The enzyme catalyses the reaction in the reduction direction in vivo. Also acts on related 3-oxo bile acids. cf. EC 1.1.1.391, 3β-hydroxycholanate 3-dehydrogenase (NAD+).
Links to other databases: BRENDA, EXPASY, KEGG, MetaCyc
References:
1.  Akao, T., Akao, T., Hattori, M., Namba, T. and Kobashi, K. 3 β-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase of Ruminococcus sp. from human intestinal bacteria. J. Biochem. 99 (1986) 1425–1431. [PMID: 3458705]
2.  Devlin, A.S. and Fischbach, M.A. A biosynthetic pathway for a prominent class of microbiota-derived bile acids. Nat. Chem. Biol. 11 (2015) 685–690. [DOI] [PMID: 26192599]
[EC 1.1.1.393 created 2016]
 
 
EC 1.14.13.94      
Transferred entry: lithocholate 6β-hydroxylase. Now EC 1.14.14.138, lithocholate 6β-hydroxylase
[EC 1.14.13.94 created 2005, deleted 2018]
 
 
EC 1.14.13.97      
Transferred entry: taurochenodeoxycholate 6α-hydroxylase. Now EC 1.14.14.57, taurochenodeoxycholate 6α-hydroxylase
[EC 1.14.13.97 created 2005, deleted 2018]
 
 
EC 1.14.14.57     
Accepted name: taurochenodeoxycholate 6α-hydroxylase
Reaction: (1) taurochenodeoxycholate + [reduced NADPH—hemoprotein reductase] + O2 = taurohyocholate + [oxidized NADPH—hemoprotein reductase] + H2O
(2) lithocholate + [reduced NADPH—hemoprotein reductase] + O2 = hyodeoxycholate + [oxidized NADPH—hemoprotein reductase] + H2O
For diagram of the biosynthesis of cholic-acid conjugates, click here
Glossary: taurochenodeoxycholic acid = N-(3α,7α-dihydroxy-5β-cholan-24-oyl)taurine
taurohyocholic acid = N-(3α,6α,7α-trihydroxy-5β-cholan-24-oyl)taurine
hyodeoxycholate = 3α,6α-dihydroxy-5β-cholan-24-oate
lithocholate = 3α-hydroxy-5β-cholan-24-oate
Other name(s): CYP3A4; CYP4A21; taurochenodeoxycholate 6α-monooxygenase
Systematic name: taurochenodeoxycholate,[reduced NADPH—hemoprotein reductase]:oxygen oxidoreductase (6α-hydroxylating)
Comments: A cytochrome P-450 (heme-thiolate) protein. Requires cytochrome b5 for maximal activity. Acts on taurochenodeoxycholate, taurodeoxycholate and less readily on lithocholate and chenodeoxycholate. In adult pig (Sus scrofa), hyocholic acid replaces cholic acid as a primary bile acid [5].
Links to other databases: BRENDA, EXPASY, KEGG, MetaCyc, PDB, CAS registry number: 105669-85-0
References:
1.  Araya, Z. and Wikvall, K. 6α-Hydroxylation of taurochenodeoxycholic acid and lithocholic acid by CYP3A4 in human liver microsomes. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1438 (1999) 47–54. [DOI] [PMID: 10216279]
2.  Araya, Z., Hellman, U. and Hansson, R. Characterisation of taurochenodeoxycholic acid 6α-hydroxylase from pig liver microsomes. Eur. J. Biochem. 231 (1995) 855–861. [DOI] [PMID: 7649186]
3.  Kramer, W., Sauber, K., Baringhaus, K.H., Kurz, M., Stengelin, S., Lange, G., Corsiero, D., Girbig, F., Konig, W. and Weyland, C. Identification of the bile acid-binding site of the ileal lipid-binding protein by photoaffinity labeling, matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-mass spectrometry, and NMR structure. J. Biol. Chem. 276 (2001) 7291–7301. [DOI] [PMID: 11069906]
4.  Lundell, K., Hansson, R. and Wikvall, K. Cloning and expression of a pig liver taurochenodeoxycholic acid 6α-hydroxylase (CYP4A21): a novel member of the CYP4A subfamily. J. Biol. Chem. 276 (2001) 9606–9612. [DOI] [PMID: 11113117]
5.  Lundell, K. and Wikvall, K. Gene structure of pig sterol 12α-hydroxylase (CYP8B1) and expression in fetal liver: comparison with expression of taurochenodeoxycholic acid 6α-hydroxylase (CYP4A21). Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1634 (2003) 86–96. [DOI] [PMID: 14643796]
6.  Russell, D.W. The enzymes, regulation, and genetics of bile acid synthesis. Annu. Rev. Biochem. 72 (2003) 137–174. [DOI] [PMID: 12543708]
[EC 1.14.14.57 created 2005 asEC 1.14.13.97, transferred 2018 to EC 1.14.14.57]
 
 
EC 1.14.14.138     
Accepted name: lithocholate 6β-hydroxylase
Reaction: lithocholate + [reduced NADPH—hemoprotein reductase] + O2 = 6β-hydroxylithocholate + [oxidized NADPH—hemoprotein reductase] + H2O
For diagram of the reaction of deoxycholate and related bile acids, click here
Glossary: lithocholate = 3α-hydroxy-5β-cholan-24-oate
6β-hydroxylithocholate = murideoxycholate = 3α,6β-dihydroxy-5β-cholan-24-oate
Other name(s): lithocholate 6β-monooxygenase; CYP3A10; 6β-hydroxylase; cytochrome P450 3A10; lithocholic acid 6β-hydroxylase
Systematic name: lithocholate,[reduced NADPH—hemoprotein reductase]:oxygen oxidoreductase (6β-hydroxylating)
Comments: A cytochrome P-450 (heme-thiolate) protein from Mesocricetus auratus (golden hamster). Expression of the gene for this enzyme is 50-fold higher in male compared to female hamsters [1].
Links to other databases: BRENDA, EXPASY, KEGG, MetaCyc, CAS registry number: 9075-83-6
References:
1.  Teixeira, J. and Gil, G. Cloning, expression, and regulation of lithocholic acid 6β-hydroxylase. J. Biol. Chem. 266 (1991) 21030–21036. [PMID: 1840595]
2.  Chang, T.K., Teixeira, J., Gil, G. and Waxman, D.J. The lithocholic acid 6beta-hydroxylase cytochrome P-450, CYP 3A10, is an active catalyst of steroid-hormone 6β-hydroxylation. Biochem. J. 291 (1993) 429–433. [PMID: 8484723]
3.  Subramanian, A., Wang, J. and Gil, G. STAT 5 and NF-Y are involved in expression and growth hormone-mediated sexually dimorphic regulation of cytochrome P450 3A10/lithocholic acid 6β-hydroxylase. Nucleic Acids Res. 26 (1998) 2173–2178. [DOI] [PMID: 9547277]
4.  Russell, D.W. The enzymes, regulation, and genetics of bile acid synthesis. Annu. Rev. Biochem. 72 (2003) 137–174. [DOI] [PMID: 12543708]
[EC 1.14.14.138 created 2005 as EC 1.14.13.94, transferred 2018 to EC 1.14.14.138]
 
 
EC 1.17.1.6      
Transferred entry: bile-acid 7α-dehydroxylase. Now EC 1.17.99.5, bile-acid 7α-dehydroxylase. It is now known that FAD is the acceptor and not NAD+ as was thought previously
[EC 1.17.1.6 created 2005, deleted 2006]
 
 
EC 1.17.98.1      
Deleted entry: bile-acid 7α-dehydroxylase. Now known to be catalyzed by multiple enzymes.
[EC 1.17.98.1 created 2005 as EC 1.17.1.6, transferred 2006 to EC 1.17.99.5, transferred 2014 to EC 1.17.98.1, deleted 2016]
 
 
EC 1.17.99.5      
Transferred entry: bile-acid 7α-dehydroxylase. Now classified as EC 1.17.98.1, bile-acid 7α-dehydroxylase.
[EC 1.17.99.5 created 2005 as EC 1.17.1.6, transferred 2006 to EC 1.17.99.5, deleted 2014]
 
 
EC 2.8.2.14     
Accepted name: bile-salt sulfotransferase
Reaction: (1) 3′-phosphoadenylyl sulfate + glycolithocholate = adenosine 3′,5′-bisphosphate + glycolithocholate 3-sulfate
(2) 3′-phosphoadenylyl sulfate + taurolithocholate = adenosine 3′,5′-bisphosphate + taurolithocholate sulfate
For diagram of reaction, click here and for diagram of cholic acid conjugates biosynthesis, click here
Glossary: glycolithocholate 3-sulfate = N-(3α-sulfooxy-5β-cholan-24-oyl)glycine
Other name(s): BAST I; bile acid:3′-phosphoadenosine-5′-phosphosulfate sulfotransferase; bile salt:3′phosphoadenosine-5′-phosphosulfate:sulfotransferase; bile acid sulfotransferase I; glycolithocholate sulfotransferase; 3′-phosphoadenylyl-sulfate:glycolithocholate sulfotransferase
Systematic name: 3′-phosphoadenylyl-sulfate:glycolithocholate sulfonotransferase
Comments: The formation of sulfate esters of bile acids is an essential step in the prevention of toxicity by monohydroxy bile acids in many species [3]. This enzyme is both a bile salt and a 3-hydroxysteroid sulfotransferase. In addition to the 5β-bile acid glycolithocholate, deoxycholate, 3β-hydroxy-5-cholenoate and dehydroepiandrosterone (3β-hydroxyandrost-5-en-17-one) also act as substrates [see also EC 2.8.2.2 (alcohol sulfotransferase) and EC 2.8.2.34 (glycochenodeoxycholate sulfotransferase)]. May be identical to EC 2.8.2.2 [3].
Links to other databases: BRENDA, EXPASY, KEGG, MetaCyc, PDB, CAS registry number: 65802-92-8
References:
1.  Chen, L.-J., Bolt, R.J. and Admirand, W.H. Enzymatic sulfation of bile salts. Partial purification and characterization of an enzyme from rat liver that catalyzes the sulfation of bile salts. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 480 (1977) 219–227. [DOI] [PMID: 831833]
2.  Barnes, S., Waldrop, R., Crenshaw, J., King, R.J. and Taylor, K.B. Evidence for an ordered reaction mechanism for bile salt: 3′phosphoadenosine-5′-phosphosulfate: sulfotransferase from rhesus monkey liver that catalyzes the sulfation of the hepatotoxin glycolithocholate. J. Lipid Res. 27 (1986) 1111–1123. [PMID: 3470420]
3.  Barnes, S., Buchina, E.S., King, R.J., McBurnett, T. and Taylor, K.B. Bile acid sulfotransferase I from rat liver sulfates bile acids and 3-hydroxy steroids: purification, N-terminal amino acid sequence, and kinetic properties. J. Lipid Res. 30 (1989) 529–540. [PMID: 2754334]
4.  Russell, D.W. The enzymes, regulation, and genetics of bile acid synthesis. Annu. Rev. Biochem. 72 (2003) 137–174. [DOI] [PMID: 12543708]
[EC 2.8.2.14 created 1978, modified 2005]
 
 
EC 2.8.2.34     
Accepted name: glycochenodeoxycholate sulfotransferase
Reaction: 3′-phosphoadenylyl sulfate + glycochenodeoxycholate = adenosine 3′,5′-bisphosphate + glycochenodeoxycholate 7-sulfate
For diagram of reaction, click here
Glossary: 3′-phosphoadenylyl sulfate = PAPS
glycochenodeoxycholate 7-sulfate = N-(3α-hydroxy-7α-sulfooxy-5β-cholan-24-oyl)glycine
Other name(s): bile acid:3′-phosphoadenosine-5′-phosphosulfate sulfotransferase; bile acid:PAPS:sulfotransferase; BAST; 3′-phosphoadenylyl-sulfate:glycochenodeoxycholate 7-sulfotransferase
Systematic name: 3′-phosphoadenylyl-sulfate:glycochenodeoxycholate 7-sulfonotransferase
Comments: The enzyme specifically sulfates glycochenodeoxycholate at the 7α-position (see also EC 2.8.2.14 bile-salt sulfotransferase). The monohydroxy bile acids glycolithocholate, chenodeoxycholate and ursodeoxycholate act as inhibitors.
Links to other databases: BRENDA, EXPASY, KEGG, MetaCyc, PDB, CAS registry number: 72668-90-7
References:
1.  Barnes, S., Burhol, P.G., Zander, R., Haggstrom, G., Settine, R.L. and Hirschowitz, B.I. Enzymatic sulfation of glycochenodeoxycholic acid by tissue fractions from adult hamsters. J. Lipid Res. 20 (1979) 952–959. [PMID: 533830]
2.  Russell, D.W. The enzymes, regulation, and genetics of bile acid synthesis. Annu. Rev. Biochem. 72 (2003) 137–174. [DOI] [PMID: 12543708]
[EC 2.8.2.34 created 2005]
 
 
EC 2.8.3.25     
Accepted name: bile acid CoA-transferase
Reaction: (1) lithocholoyl-CoA + cholate = lithocholate + choloyl-CoA
(2) deoxycholoyl-CoA + cholate = deoxycholate + choloyl-CoA
Other name(s): baiF (gene name); baiK (gene name); bile acid coenzyme A transferase
Systematic name: lithocholoyl-CoA:cholate CoA-transferase
Comments: The enzyme, characterized from the gut bacterium Clostridium scindens, catalyses the last step in bile acid 7α-dehydroxylation, the removal of the CoA moiety from the products. By using a transferase rather than hydrolase, the bacteria conserve the thioester bond energy, saving ATP molecules. Clostridium scindens possesses two forms of the enzyme, encoded by the baiF and baiK genes. While the enzymes have a broad acceptor specificity and can use allocholate, ursodeoxycholate, and β-muricholate, the donor specificity is more strict. BaiF acts on lithocholoyl-CoA and deoxycholoyl-CoA, and BaiK acts only on the latter.
Links to other databases: BRENDA, EXPASY, KEGG, MetaCyc
References:
1.  Ridlon, J.M. and Hylemon, P.B. Identification and characterization of two bile acid coenzyme A transferases from Clostridium scindens, a bile acid 7α-dehydroxylating intestinal bacterium. J. Lipid Res. 53 (2012) 66–76. [DOI] [PMID: 22021638]
[EC 2.8.3.25 created 2005 as EC 3.1.2.26, transferred 2016 to EC 2.8.3.25]
 
 
EC 6.2.1.7     
Accepted name: cholate—CoA ligase
Reaction: (1) ATP + cholate + CoA = AMP + diphosphate + choloyl-CoA
(2) ATP + (25R)-3α,7α,12α-trihydroxy-5β-cholestan-26-oate + CoA = AMP + diphosphate + (25R)-3α,7α,12α-trihydroxy-5β-cholestanoyl-CoA
For diagram of cholic acid conjugates biosynthesis, click here and for diagram of cholic acid biosynthesis (sidechain), click here
Glossary: cholate = 3α,7α,12α-trihydroxy-5β-cholan-24-oate
trihydroxycoprostanoate = 3α,7α,12α-trihydroxy-5β-cholestan-26-oate
Other name(s): BAL; bile acid CoA ligase; bile acid coenzyme A ligase; choloyl-CoA synthetase; choloyl coenzyme A synthetase; cholic thiokinase; cholate thiokinase; cholic acid:CoA ligase; 3α,7α,12α-trihydroxy-5β-cholestanoyl coenzyme A synthetase; 3α,7α,12α-trihydroxy-5β-cholestanoate-CoA ligase; 3α,7α,12α-trihydroxy-5β-cholestanoate-CoA synthetase; THCA-CoA ligase; 3α,7α,12α-trihydroxy-5β-cholestanate—CoA ligase; 3α,7α,12α-trihydroxy-5β-cholestanate:CoA ligase (AMP-forming); cholyl-CoA synthetase; trihydroxycoprostanoyl-CoA synthetase
Systematic name: cholate:CoA ligase (AMP-forming)
Comments: Requires Mg2+ for activity. The mammalian enzyme is membrane-bound and catalyses the first step in the conjugation of bile acids with amino acids, converting bile acids into their acyl-CoA thioesters. Chenodeoxycholate, deoxycholate, lithocholate and trihydroxycoprostanoate can also act as substrates [7]. The bacterial enzyme is soluble and participates in an anaerobic bile acid 7 α-dehydroxylation pathway [5].
Links to other databases: BRENDA, EXPASY, KEGG, MetaCyc, PDB, CAS registry number: 9027-90-1
References:
1.  Elliott, W.H. The enzymic activation of cholic acid by guinea-pig-liver microsomes. Biochem. J. 62 (1956) 427–433. [PMID: 13303991]
2.  Elliott, W.H. The breakdown of adenosine triphosphate accompanying cholic acid activation by guinea-pig liver microsomes. Biochem. J. 65 (1957) 315–321. [PMID: 13403911]
3.  Prydz, K., Kase, B.F., Björkhem, I. and Pedersen, J.I. Subcellular localization of 3α,7α-dihydroxy- and 3α,7α,12α-trihydroxy-5β-cholestanoyl-coenzyme A ligase(s) in rat liver. J. Lipid Res. 29 (1988) 997–1004. [PMID: 3183523]
4.  Schepers, L., Casteels, M., Verheyden, K., Parmentier, G., Asselberghs, S., Eyssen, H.J. and Mannaerts, G.P. Subcellular distribution and characteristics of trihydroxycoprostanoyl-CoA synthetase in rat liver. Biochem. J. 257 (1989) 221–229. [PMID: 2521999]
5.  Mallonee, D.H., Adams, J.L. and Hylemon, P.B. The bile acid-inducible baiB gene from Eubacterium sp. strain VPI 12708 encodes a bile acid-coenzyme A ligase. J. Bacteriol. 174 (1992) 2065–2071. [DOI] [PMID: 1551828]
6.  Wheeler, J.B., Shaw, D.R. and Barnes, S. Purification and characterization of a rat liver bile acid coenzyme A ligase from rat liver microsomes. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 348 (1997) 15–24. [DOI] [PMID: 9390170]
7.  Falany, C.N., Xie, X., Wheeler, J.B., Wang, J., Smith, M., He, D. and Barnes, S. Molecular cloning and expression of rat liver bile acid CoA ligase. J. Lipid Res. 43 (2002) 2062–2071. [PMID: 12454267]
[EC 6.2.1.7 created 1961 (EC 6.2.1.29 created 1992, incorporated 2005), modified 2005]
 
 


Data © 2001–2024 IUBMB
Web site © 2005–2024 Andrew McDonald