EC |
1.14.14.21 |
Accepted name: |
dibenzothiophene monooxygenase |
Reaction: |
dibenzothiophene + 2 FMNH2 + 2 O2 = dibenzothiophene-5,5-dioxide + 2 FMN + 2 H2O (overall reaction) (1a) dibenzothiophene + FMNH2 + O2 = dibenzothiophene-5-oxide + FMN + H2O (1b) dibenzothiophene-5-oxide + FMNH2 + O2 = dibenzothiophene-5,5-dioxide + FMN + H2O |
Glossary: |
dibenzothiophene-5,5-dioxide = dibenzothiophene sulfone |
Other name(s): |
dszC (gene name) |
Systematic name: |
dibenzothiophene,FMNH2:oxygen oxidoreductase |
Comments: |
This bacterial enzyme catalyses the first two steps in the desulfurization pathway of dibenzothiophenes, the oxidation of dibenzothiophene into dibenzothiophene sulfone via dibenzothiophene-5-oxide. The enzyme forms a two-component system with a dedicated NADH-dependent FMN reductase (EC 1.5.1.42) encoded by the dszD gene, which also interacts with EC 1.14.14.22, dibenzothiophene sulfone monooxygenase. |
Links to other databases: |
BRENDA, EXPASY, KEGG, MetaCyc, PDB |
References: |
1. |
Gray, K.A., Pogrebinsky, O.S., Mrachko, G.T., Xi, L., Monticello, D.J. and Squires, C.H. Molecular mechanisms of biocatalytic desulfurization of fossil fuels. Nat. Biotechnol. 14 (1996) 1705–1709. [DOI] [PMID: 9634856] |
2. |
Liu, S., Zhang, C., Su, T., Wei, T., Zhu, D., Wang, K., Huang, Y., Dong, Y., Yin, K., Xu, S., Xu, P. and Gu, L. Crystal structure of DszC from Rhodococcus sp. XP at 1.79 Å. Proteins 82 (2014) 1708–1720. [DOI] [PMID: 24470304] |
3. |
Guan, L.J., Lee, W.C., Wang, S., Ohshiro, T., Izumi, Y., Ohtsuka, J. and Tanokura, M. Crystal structures of apo-DszC and FMN-bound DszC from Rhodococcus erythropolis D-1. FEBS J. 282 (2015) 3126–3135. [DOI] [PMID: 25627402] |
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[EC 1.14.14.21 created 2016] |
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EC |
1.14.14.22 |
Accepted name: |
dibenzothiophene sulfone monooxygenase |
Reaction: |
dibenzothiophene-5,5-dioxide + FMNH2 + NADH + O2 = 2′-hydroxybiphenyl-2-sulfinate + H2O + FMN + NAD+ + H+ (overall reaction) (1a) FMNH2 + O2 = FMN-N5-peroxide (1b) dibenzothiophene-5,5-dioxide + FMN-N5-peroxide = 2′-hydroxybiphenyl-2-sulfinate + FMN-N5-oxide (1c) FMN-N5-oxide + NADH = FMN + H2O + NAD+ + H+ (spontaneous) |
Glossary: |
dibenzothiophene-5,5-dioxide = dibenzothiophene sulfone |
Other name(s): |
dszA (gene name) |
Systematic name: |
dibenzothiophene-5,5-dioxide,FMNH2:oxygen oxidoreductase |
Comments: |
This bacterial enzyme catalyses a step in the desulfurization pathway of dibenzothiophenes. The enzyme forms a two-component system with a dedicated NADH-dependent FMN reductase (EC 1.5.1.42) encoded by the dszD gene, which also interacts with EC 1.14.14.21, dibenzothiophene monooxygenase. The flavin-N5-oxide that is formed by the enzyme reacts spontaneously with NADH to give oxidized flavin, releasing a water molecule. |
Links to other databases: |
BRENDA, EXPASY, KEGG, MetaCyc, PDB |
References: |
1. |
Gray, K.A., Pogrebinsky, O.S., Mrachko, G.T., Xi, L., Monticello, D.J. and Squires, C.H. Molecular mechanisms of biocatalytic desulfurization of fossil fuels. Nat. Biotechnol. 14 (1996) 1705–1709. [DOI] [PMID: 9634856] |
2. |
Ohshiro, T., Kojima, T., Torii, K., Kawasoe, H. and Izumi, Y. Purification and characterization of dibenzothiophene (DBT) sulfone monooxygenase, an enzyme involved in DBT desulfurization, from Rhodococcus erythropolis D-1. J. Biosci. Bioeng. 88 (1999) 610–616. [DOI] [PMID: 16232672] |
3. |
Konishi, J., Ishii, Y., Onaka, T., Ohta, Y., Suzuki, M. and Maruhashi, K. Purification and characterization of dibenzothiophene sulfone monooxygenase and FMN-dependent NADH oxidoreductase from the thermophilic bacterium Paenibacillus sp. strain A11-2. J. Biosci. Bioeng. 90 (2000) 607–613. [DOI] [PMID: 16232919] |
4. |
Ohshiro, T., Ishii, Y., Matsubara, T., Ueda, K., Izumi, Y., Kino, K. and Kirimura, K. Dibenzothiophene desulfurizing enzymes from moderately thermophilic bacterium Bacillus subtilis WU-S2B: purification, characterization and overexpression. J. Biosci. Bioeng. 100 (2005) 266–273. [DOI] [PMID: 16243275] |
5. |
Adak, S. and Begley, T.P. Dibenzothiophene catabolism proceeds via a flavin-N5-oxide intermediate. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 138 (2016) 6424–6426. [PMID: 27120486] |
6. |
Adak, S. and Begley, T.P. Flavin-N5-oxide: A new, catalytic motif in flavoenzymology. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 632 (2017) 4–10. [PMID: 28784589] |
7. |
Matthews, A., Saleem-Batcha, R., Sanders, J.N., Stull, F., Houk, K.N. and Teufel, R. Aminoperoxide adducts expand the catalytic repertoire of flavin monooxygenases. Nat. Chem. Biol. 16 (2020) 556–563. [DOI] [PMID: 32066967] |
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[EC 1.14.14.22 created 2016, modified 2019] |
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