The Enzyme Database

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EC 1.1.1.349     
Accepted name: norsolorinic acid ketoreductase
Reaction: (1′S)-averantin + NADP+ = norsolorinic acid + NADPH + H+
Glossary: norsolorinic acid = 2-hexanoyl-1,3,6,8-tetrahydroxy-9,10-anthraquinone
(1′S)-averantin = 1,3,6,8-tetrahydroxy-[(1S)-2-hydroxyhexyl]-9,10-anthraquinone
Other name(s): aflD (gene name); nor-1 (gene name)
Systematic name: (1′S)-averantin:NADP+ oxidoreductase
Comments: Involved in the synthesis of aflatoxins in the fungus Aspergillus parasiticus.
Links to other databases: BRENDA, EXPASY, KEGG, MetaCyc
References:
1.  Yabe, K., Matsuyama, Y., Ando, Y., Nakajima, H. and Hamasaki, T. Stereochemistry during aflatoxin biosynthesis: conversion of norsolorinic acid to averufin. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 59 (1993) 2486–2492. [PMID: 8368836]
2.  Zhou, R. and Linz, J.E. Enzymatic function of the nor-1 protein in aflatoxin biosynthesis in Aspergillus parasiticus. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 65 (1999) 5639–5641. [PMID: 10584035]
[EC 1.1.1.349 created 2013]
 
 
EC 1.1.1.352     
Accepted name: 5′-hydroxyaverantin dehydrogenase
Reaction: (1) (1′S,5′S)-hydroxyaverantin + NAD+ = 5′-oxoaverantin + NADH + H+
(2) (1′S,5′R)-hydroxyaverantin + NAD+ = 5′-oxoaverantin + NADH + H+
Glossary: 5′-oxoaverantin = 1,3,6,8-tetrahydroxy-2-[(1S)-1-hydroxy-5-oxohexyl]anthracene-9,10-dione
Other name(s): HAVN dehydrogenase; adhA (gene name)
Systematic name: (1′S,5′S)-hydroxyaverantin:NAD+ oxidoreductase
Comments: Isolated from the aflatoxin-producing mold Aspergillus parasiticus [2]. Involved in aflatoxin biosynthesis. 5′-Oxoaverantin will spontaneously form averufin by intramolecular ketalisation. cf. EC 4.2.1.142, 5′-oxoaverantin cyclase.
Links to other databases: BRENDA, EXPASY, KEGG, MetaCyc
References:
1.  Chang, P.K., Yu, J., Ehrlich, K.C., Boue, S.M., Montalbano, B.G., Bhatnagar, D. and Cleveland, T.E. adhA in Aspergillus parasiticus is involved in conversion of 5′-hydroxyaverantin to averufin. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 66 (2000) 4715–4719. [DOI] [PMID: 11055914]
2.  Sakuno, E., Yabe, K. and Nakajima, H. Involvement of two cytosolic enzymes and a novel intermediate, 5′-oxoaverantin, in the pathway from 5′-hydroxyaverantin to averufin in aflatoxin biosynthesis. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 69 (2003) 6418–6426. [DOI] [PMID: 14602595]
[EC 1.1.1.352 created 2013]
 
 
EC 1.14.13.174      
Transferred entry: averantin hydroxylase. Now EC 1.14.14.116, averantin hydroxylase
[EC 1.14.13.174 created 2013, deleted 2018]
 
 
EC 1.14.14.116     
Accepted name: averantin hydroxylase
Reaction: (1) (1′S)-averantin + [reduced NADPH—hemoprotein reductase] + O2 = (1′S,5′S)-5′-hydroxyaverantin + [oxidized NADPH—hemoprotein reductase] + H2O
(2) (1′S)-averantin + [reduced NADPH—hemoprotein reductase] + O2 = (1′S,5′R)-5′-hydroxyaverantin + [oxidized NADPH—hemoprotein reductase] + H2O
For diagram of aflatoxin biosynthesis (part 1), click here
Glossary: averantin = 1,3,6,8-tetrahydroxy-2-[(1S)-1-hydroxyhexyl]anthracene-9,10-dione
Other name(s): AVN hydroxylase; avnA (gene name); CYP60A1
Systematic name: (1′S)-averantin,[reduced NADPH—hemoprotein reductase]:oxygen oxidoreductase (5′-hydroxylating)
Comments: A cytochrome P-450 (heme-thiolate) protein isolated from the saprophytic mold Aspergillus parasiticus. Involved in aflatoxin biosynthesis. Does not react with (1′R)-averantin.
Links to other databases: BRENDA, EXPASY, KEGG, MetaCyc
References:
1.  Yabe, K., Matsuyama, Y., Ando, Y., Nakajima, H. and Hamasaki, T. Stereochemistry during aflatoxin biosynthesis: conversion of norsolorinic acid to averufin. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 59 (1993) 2486–2492. [PMID: 8368836]
2.  Yu, J., Chang, P.K., Cary, J.W., Bhatnagar, D. and Cleveland, T.E. avnA, a gene encoding a cytochrome P-450 monooxygenase, is involved in the conversion of averantin to averufin in aflatoxin biosynthesis in Aspergillus parasiticus. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 63 (1997) 1349–1356. [PMID: 9097431]
[EC 1.14.14.116 created 2013 as EC 1.14.13.174, transferred 2018 to EC 1.14.14.116]
 
 
EC 4.2.1.142     
Accepted name: 5′-oxoaverantin cyclase
Reaction: 5′-oxoaverantin = (1′S,5′S)-averufin + H2O
For diagram of aflatoxin biosynthesis (part 1), click here
Glossary: 5′-oxoaverantin = 1,3,6,8-tetrahydroxy-2-[(1S)-1-hydroxy-5-oxohexyl]anthracene-9,10-dione
averufin = 7,9,11-trihydroxy-2-methyl-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2,6-epoxy-2H-anthra[2,3-b]oxocin-8,13-dione
Other name(s): OAVN cyclase; 5′-oxoaverantin hydro-lyase [(2′S,5′S)-averufin forming]
Systematic name: 5′-oxoaverantin hydro-lyase [(1′S,5′S)-averufin-forming]
Comments: Isolated from the aflatoxin-producing mold Aspergillus parasiticus. The enzyme also catalyses the conversion of versiconal to versicolorin B (EC 4.2.1.143, versicolorin B synthase). Involved in aflatoxin biosynthesis.
Links to other databases: BRENDA, EXPASY, KEGG, MetaCyc
References:
1.  Sakuno, E., Yabe, K. and Nakajima, H. Involvement of two cytosolic enzymes and a novel intermediate, 5′-oxoaverantin, in the pathway from 5′-hydroxyaverantin to averufin in aflatoxin biosynthesis. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 69 (2003) 6418–6426. [DOI] [PMID: 14602595]
2.  Sakuno, E., Wen, Y., Hatabayashi, H., Arai, H., Aoki, C., Yabe, K. and Nakajima, H. Aspergillus parasiticus cyclase catalyzes two dehydration steps in aflatoxin biosynthesis. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 71 (2005) 2999–3006. [DOI] [PMID: 15932995]
[EC 4.2.1.142 created 2013]
 
 


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