The Enzyme Database

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EC 2.4.1.52     
Accepted name: poly(glycerol-phosphate) α-glucosyltransferase
Reaction: n UDP-α-D-glucose + 4-O-{poly[(2R)-glycerophospho]-(2R)-glycerophospho}-N-acetyl-β-D-mannosaminyl-(1→4)-N-acetyl-α-D-glucosaminyl-diphospho-ditrans,octacis-undecaprenol = n UDP + 4-O-{poly[(2R)-2-α-D-glucosyl-1-glycerophospho]-(2R)-glycerophospho}-N-acetyl-β-D-mannosaminyl-(1→4)-N-acetyl-α-D-glucosaminyl-diphospho-ditrans,octacis-undecaprenol
Other name(s): UDP glucose-poly(glycerol-phosphate) α-glucosyltransferase; uridine diphosphoglucose-poly(glycerol-phosphate) α-glucosyltransferase; tagE (gene name); UDP-glucose:poly(glycerol-phosphate) α-D-glucosyltransferase
Systematic name: UDP-α-D-glucose:4-O-{poly[(2R)-glycerophospho]-(2R)-glycerophospho}-N-acetyl-β-D-mannosaminyl-(1→4)-N-acetyl-α-D-glucosaminyl-diphospho-ditrans,octacis-undecaprenol α-D-glucosyltransferase (configuration-retaining)
Comments: Involved in the biosynthesis of poly glycerol phosphate teichoic acids in bacterial cell walls. This enzyme, isolated from Bacillus subtilis 168, adds an α-D-glucose to the free OH groups of the glycerol units. The enzyme has a strong preference for UDP-α-glucose as the sugar donor. It has no activity with poly(ribitol phosphate).
Links to other databases: BRENDA, EXPASY, KEGG, MetaCyc, PDB, CAS registry number: 37277-60-4
References:
1.  Glaser, L. and Burger, M.M. The synthesis of teichoic acids. 3. Glucosylation of polyglycerophosphate. J. Biol. Chem. 239 (1964) 3187–3191. [PMID: 14245359]
2.  Allison, S.E., D'Elia, M.A., Arar, S., Monteiro, M.A. and Brown, E.D. Studies of the genetics, function, and kinetic mechanism of TagE, the wall teichoic acid glycosyltransferase in Bacillus subtilis 168. J. Biol. Chem. 286 (2011) 23708–23716. [DOI] [PMID: 21558268]
[EC 2.4.1.52 created 1972, modified 2017]
 
 
EC 2.4.1.53     
Accepted name: poly(ribitol-phosphate) β-glucosyltransferase
Reaction: n UDP-α-D-glucose + 4-O-[(1-D-ribitylphospho)n-(1-D-ribitylphospho)-(2R)-1-glycerophospho]-N-acetyl-β-D-mannosaminyl-(1→4)-N-acetyl-α-D-glucosaminyl-diphospho-ditrans,octacis-undecaprenol = n UDP + 4-O-[(2-β-D-glucosyl-1-D-ribitylphospho)n-(1-D-ribitylphospho)-(2R)-1-glycerophospho]-N-acetyl-β-D-mannosaminyl-(1→4)-N-acetyl-α-D-glucosaminyl-diphospho-ditrans,octacis-undecaprenol
Other name(s): TarQ; UDP glucose-poly(ribitol-phosphate) β-glucosyltransferase; uridine diphosphoglucose-poly(ribitol-phosphate) β-glucosyltransferase; UDP-D-glucose polyribitol phosphate glucosyl transferase; UDP-D-glucose:polyribitol phosphate glucosyl transferase; UDP-glucose:poly(ribitol-phosphate) β-D-glucosyltransferase
Systematic name: UDP-α-D-glucose:4-O-[(1-D-ribitylphospho)n-(1-D-ribitylphospho)-(2R)-1-glycerophospho]-N-acetyl-β-D-mannosaminyl-(1→4)-N-acetyl-α-D-glucosaminyl-diphospho-ditrans,octacis-undecaprenol β-D-glucosyltransferase (configuration-inverting)
Comments: Involved in the biosynthesis of poly ribitol phosphate teichoic acids in the cell wall of the bacterium Bacillus subtilis W23. This enzyme adds a β-D-glucose to the hydroxyl group at the 2 position of the ribitol phosphate units.
Links to other databases: BRENDA, EXPASY, KEGG, MetaCyc, CAS registry number: 37277-61-5
References:
1.  Chin, T., Burger, M.M. and Glaser, L. Synthesis of teichoic acids. VI. The formation of multiple wall polymers in Bacillus subtilis W-23. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 116 (1966) 358–367. [PMID: 4960203]
2.  Brown, S., Xia, G., Luhachack, L.G., Campbell, J., Meredith, T.C., Chen, C., Winstel, V., Gekeler, C., Irazoqui, J.E., Peschel, A. and Walker, S. Methicillin resistance in Staphylococcus aureus requires glycosylated wall teichoic acids. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 109 (2012) 18909–18914. [DOI] [PMID: 23027967]
[EC 2.4.1.53 created 1972, modified 2018]
 
 
EC 2.4.1.70     
Accepted name: poly(ribitol-phosphate) α-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase
Reaction: n UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-glucosamine + 4-O-(D-ribitylphospho)n-di[(2R)-1-glycerophospho]-N-acetyl-β-D-mannosaminyl-(1→4)-N-acetyl-α-D-glucosaminyl-diphospho-ditrans,octacis-undecaprenol = n UDP + 4-O-(2-N-acetyl-α-D-glucosaminyl-D-ribitylphospho)n-di[(2R)-1-glycerophospho]-N-acetyl-β-D-mannosaminyl-(1→4)-N-acetyl-α-D-glucosaminyl-diphospho-ditrans,octacis-undecaprenol
Other name(s): TarM; UDP acetylglucosamine-poly(ribitol phosphate) acetylglucosaminyltransferase (ambiguous); uridine diphosphoacetylglucosamine-poly(ribitol phosphate) acetylglucosaminyltransferase (ambiguous); UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine:poly(ribitol-phosphate) N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyltransferase (ambiguous); UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-glucosamine:poly(ribitol-phosphate) N-acetyl-α-D-glucosaminyltransferase (ambiguous); poly(ribitol-phosphate) N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase (ambiguous)
Systematic name: UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-glucosamine:4-O-(D-ribitylphospho)n-di[(2R)-1-glycerophospho]-N-acetyl-β-D-mannosaminyl-(1→4)-N-acetyl-α-D-glucosaminyl-diphospho-ditrans,octacis-undecaprenol α-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyltransferase (configuration-retaining)
Comments: Involved in the biosynthesis of poly(ribitol phosphate) teichoic acids in the cell wall of the bacterium Staphylococcus aureus. This enzyme adds an N-acetyl-α-D-glucosamine to the hydroxyl group at the 2 position of the ribitol phosphate units. cf. EC 2.4.1.355 [poly(ribitol-phosphate) β-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase].
Links to other databases: BRENDA, EXPASY, KEGG, MetaCyc, PDB, CAS registry number: 37277-71-7
References:
1.  Nathenson, S.G., Ishimoto, N. and Strominger, J.L. UDP-N-acetylglucosamine:polyribitol phosphate N-acetylglucosaminyltransferases from Staphylococcus aureus. Methods Enzymol. 8 (1966) 426–429.
2.  Xia, G., Maier, L., Sanchez-Carballo, P., Li, M., Otto, M., Holst, O. and Peschel, A. Glycosylation of wall teichoic acid in Staphylococcus aureus by TarM. J. Biol. Chem. 285 (2010) 13405–13415. [DOI] [PMID: 20185825]
3.  Sobhanifar, S., Worrall, L.J., Gruninger, R.J., Wasney, G.A., Blaukopf, M., Baumann, L., Lameignere, E., Solomonson, M., Brown, E.D., Withers, S.G. and Strynadka, N.C. Structure and mechanism of Staphylococcus aureus TarM, the wall teichoic acid α-glycosyltransferase. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 112 (2015) E576–E585. [DOI] [PMID: 25624472]
4.  Koc, C., Gerlach, D., Beck, S., Peschel, A., Xia, G. and Stehle, T. Structural and enzymatic analysis of TarM glycosyltransferase from Staphylococcus aureus reveals an oligomeric protein specific for the glycosylation of wall teichoic acid. J. Biol. Chem. 290 (2015) 9874–9885. [DOI] [PMID: 25697358]
[EC 2.4.1.70 created 1972, modified 2018]
 
 
EC 2.4.1.180     
Accepted name: lipopolysaccharide N-acetylmannosaminouronosyltransferase
Reaction: UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-mannosaminouronate + N-acetyl-α-D-glucosaminyl-diphospho-ditrans,octacis-undecaprenol = UDP + N-acetyl-β-D-mannosaminouronyl-(1→4)-N-acetyl-α-D-glucosaminyl-diphospho-ditrans,octacis-undecaprenol
Glossary: N-acetyl-α-D-glucosaminyl-diphospho-ditrans,octacis-undecaprenol = lipid I = GlcNAc-pyrophosphorylundecaprenol = ditrans,octacis-undecaprenyl-N-acetyl-α-D-glucosaminyl diphosphate
Other name(s): ManNAcA transferase; uridine diphosphoacetylmannosaminuronate-acetylglucosaminylpyrophosphorylundecaprenol acetylmannosaminuronosyltransferase; UDP-N-acetyl-β-D-mannosaminouronate:lipid I N-acetyl-β-D-mannosaminouronosyltransferase (incorrect)
Systematic name: UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-mannosaminouronate:lipid I N-acetyl-α-D-mannosaminouronosyltransferase
Comments: Involved in the biosynthesis of common antigen in Enterobacteriaceae.
Links to other databases: BRENDA, EXPASY, KEGG, MetaCyc, CAS registry number: 113478-30-1
References:
1.  Barr, K., Ward, S., Meier-Dieter, U., Mayer, H. and Rick, P.D. Characterization of an Escherichia coli rff mutant defective in transfer of N-acetylmannosaminuronic acid (ManNAcA) from UDP-ManNAcA to a lipid-linked intermediate involved in enterobacterial common antigen synthesis. J. Bacteriol. 170 (1988) 228–233. [DOI] [PMID: 3275612]
[EC 2.4.1.180 created 1990, modified 2011]
 
 
EC 2.4.1.187     
Accepted name: N-acetylglucosaminyldiphosphoundecaprenol N-acetyl-β-D-mannosaminyltransferase
Reaction: UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-mannosamine + N-acetyl-α-D-glucosaminyl-diphospho-ditrans,octacis-undecaprenol = UDP + N-acetyl-β-D-mannosaminyl-(1→4)-N-acetyl-α-D-glucosaminyl-diphospho-ditrans,octacis-undecaprenol
Other name(s): uridine diphosphoacetyl-mannosamineacetylglucosaminylpyrophosphorylundecaprenol acetylmannosaminyltransferase; N-acetylmannosaminyltransferase; UDP-N-acetylmannosamine:N-acetylglucosaminyl diphosphorylundecaprenol N-acetylmannosaminyltransferase; UDP-N-acetyl-D-mannosamine:N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminyldiphosphoundecaprenol β-1,4-N-acetylmannosaminyltransferase; UDP-N-acetyl-D-mannosamine:N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminyldiphosphoundecaprenol 4-β-N-acetylmannosaminyltransferase; tagA (gene name); tarA (gene name); UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-mannosamine:N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminyl-diphospho-ditrans,octacis-undecaprenol 4-β-N-acetylmannosaminyltransferase
Systematic name: UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-mannosamine:N-acetyl-α-D-glucosaminyldiphospho-ditrans,octacis-undecaprenol 4-β-N-acetylmannosaminyltransferase (configuration-inverting)
Comments: Involved in the biosynthesis of teichoic acid linkage units in bacterial cell walls.
Links to other databases: BRENDA, EXPASY, KEGG, MetaCyc, PDB, CAS registry number: 118731-82-1
References:
1.  Murazumi, N., Kumita, K., Araki, Y. and Ito, E. Partial purification and properties of UDP-N-acetylmannosamine:N-acetylglucosaminyl pyrophosphorylundecaprenol N-acetylmannosaminyltransferase from Bacillus subtilis. J. Biochem. (Tokyo) 104 (1988) 980–984. [PMID: 2977387]
2.  Ginsberg, C., Zhang, Y.H., Yuan, Y. and Walker, S. In vitro reconstitution of two essential steps in wall teichoic acid biosynthesis. ACS Chem. Biol. 1 (2006) 25–28. [DOI] [PMID: 17163636]
3.  Zhang, Y.H., Ginsberg, C., Yuan, Y. and Walker, S. Acceptor substrate selectivity and kinetic mechanism of Bacillus subtilis TagA. Biochemistry 45 (2006) 10895–10904. [DOI] [PMID: 16953575]
[EC 2.4.1.187 created 1992, modified 2016]
 
 
EC 2.4.1.303     
Accepted name: UDP-Gal:α-D-GlcNAc-diphosphoundecaprenol β-1,3-galactosyltransferase
Reaction: UDP-α-D-galactose + N-acetyl-α-D-glucosaminyl-diphospho-ditrans,octacis-undecaprenol = UDP + β-D-Gal-(1→3)-α-D-GlcNAc-diphospho-ditrans,octacis-undecaprenol
Other name(s): WbbD; WbbD β3Gal-transferase; UDP-Gal:GlcNAc-R β1,3-galactosyltransferase; UDP-Gal:GlcNAcα-pyrophosphate-R β1,3-galactosyltransferase; UDP-Gal:GlcNAc-R galactosyltransferase
Systematic name: UDP-α-D-galactose:N-acetyl-α-D-glucosaminyl-diphospho-ditrans,octacis-undecaprenol 3-β-galactosyltransferase (configuration-inverting)
Comments: The enzyme is involved in the the biosynthesis of the O-antigen repeating unit of Escherichia coli O7:K1 (VW187). Requires Mn2+. cf. EC 2.4.1.343, UDP-Gal:α-D-GlcNAc-diphosphoundecaprenol α-1,3-galactosyltransferase.
Links to other databases: BRENDA, EXPASY, KEGG, MetaCyc
References:
1.  Riley, J.G., Menggad, M., Montoya-Peleaz, P.J., Szarek, W.A., Marolda, C.L., Valvano, M.A., Schutzbach, J.S. and Brockhausen, I. The wbbD gene of E. coli strain VW187 (O7:K1) encodes a UDP-Gal: GlcNAcα-pyrophosphate-R β1,3-galactosyltransferase involved in the biosynthesis of O7-specific lipopolysaccharide. Glycobiology 15 (2005) 605–613. [DOI] [PMID: 15625181]
2.  Brockhausen, I., Riley, J.G., Joynt, M., Yang, X. and Szarek, W.A. Acceptor substrate specificity of UDP-Gal: GlcNAc-R β1,3-galactosyltransferase (WbbD) from Escherichia coli O7:K1. Glycoconj. J. 25 (2008) 663–673. [DOI] [PMID: 18536883]
[EC 2.4.1.303 created 2013, modified 2017]
 
 
EC 2.4.1.304     
Accepted name: UDP-Gal:α-D-GlcNAc-diphosphoundecaprenol β-1,4-galactosyltransferase
Reaction: UDP-α-D-galactose + N-acetyl-α-D-glucosaminyl-diphospho-ditrans,octacis-undecaprenol = UDP + β-D-Gal-(1→4)-α-D-GlcNAc-diphospho-ditrans,octacis-undecaprenol
Other name(s): WfeD; UDP-Gal:GlcNAc-R 1,4-Gal-transferase; UDP-Gal:GlcNAc-pyrophosphate-lipid β-1,4-galactosyltransferase
Systematic name: UDP-α-D-galactose:N-acetyl-α-D-glucosaminyl-diphospho-ditrans,octacis-undecaprenol β-1,4-galactosyltransferase
Comments: The enzyme is involved in the the biosynthesis of the O-polysaccharide repeating unit of the bacterium Shigella boydii B14. The activity is stimulated by Mn2+ or to a lesser extent by Mg2+, Ca2+, Ni2+ or Pb2+.
Links to other databases: BRENDA, EXPASY, KEGG, MetaCyc
References:
1.  Xu, C., Liu, B., Hu, B., Han, Y., Feng, L., Allingham, J.S., Szarek, W.A., Wang, L. and Brockhausen, I. Biochemical characterization of UDP-Gal:GlcNAc-pyrophosphate-lipid β-1,4-Galactosyltransferase WfeD, a new enzyme from Shigella boydii type 14 that catalyzes the second step in O-antigen repeating-unit synthesis. J. Bacteriol. 193 (2011) 449–459. [DOI] [PMID: 21057010]
[EC 2.4.1.304 created 2013]
 
 
EC 2.4.1.305     
Accepted name: UDP-Glc:α-D-GlcNAc-glucosaminyl-diphosphoundecaprenol β-1,3-glucosyltransferase
Reaction: UDP-α-D-glucose + N-acetyl-α-D-glucosaminyl-diphospho-ditrans,octacis-undecaprenol = UDP + β-D-Glc-(1→3)-α-D-GlcNAc-diphospho-ditrans,octacis-undecaprenol
Other name(s): WfaP; WfgD; UDP-Glc:GlcNAc-pyrophosphate-lipid β-1,3-glucosyltransferase; UDP-Glc:GlcNAc-diphosphate-lipid β-1,3-glucosyltransferase
Systematic name: UDP-α-D-glucose:N-acetyl-α-D-glucosaminyl-diphospho-ditrans,octacis-undecaprenol β-1,3-glucosyltransferase
Comments: The enzyme is involved in the the biosynthesis of the O-polysaccharide repeating unit of the bacterium Escherichia coli serotype O56 and serotype O152.
Links to other databases: BRENDA, EXPASY, KEGG, MetaCyc
References:
1.  Brockhausen, I., Hu, B., Liu, B., Lau, K., Szarek, W.A., Wang, L. and Feng, L. Characterization of two β-1,3-glucosyltransferases from Escherichia coli serotypes O56 and O152. J. Bacteriol. 190 (2008) 4922–4932. [DOI] [PMID: 18487334]
[EC 2.4.1.305 created 2013]
 
 
EC 2.4.1.325     
Accepted name: TDP-N-acetylfucosamine:lipid II N-acetylfucosaminyltransferase
Reaction: dTDP-4-acetamido-4,6-dideoxy-α-D-galactose + N-acetyl-β-D-mannosaminouronyl-(1→4)-N-acetyl-α-D-glucosaminyl-diphospho-ditrans,octacis-undecaprenol = dTDP + 4-acetamido-4,6-dideoxy-α-D-galactosyl-(1→4)-N-acetyl-β-D-mannosaminouronyl-(1→4)-N-acetyl-α-D-glucosaminyl-diphospho-ditrans,octacis-undecaprenol
Glossary: dTDP-4-acetamido-4,6-dideoxy-α-D-galactose = dTDP-N-acetyl-α-D-fucosamine
a lipid II = an undecaprenyldiphospho-N-acetyl-(N-acetylglucosaminyl)muramoyl peptide; the peptide element refers to L-alanyl-D-γ-glutamyl-L-lysyl/meso-2,6-diaminopimelyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine or a modified version thereof = an undecaprenyldiphospho-4-O-(N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminyl)-3-O-peptidyl-α-N-acetylmuramate; the peptide element refers to L-alanyl-D-γ-glutamyl-L-lysyl/meso-2,6-diaminopimelyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine or a modified version thereof
lipid III = N-acetyl-β-D-fucosyl-(1→4)-N-acetyl-β-D-mannosaminouronyl-(1→4)-N-acetyl-α-D-glucosaminyl-diphospho-ditrans,octacis-undecaprenol
Other name(s): TDP-Fuc4NAc:lipid II Fuc4NAc-transferase; TDP-Fuc4NAc:lipid II Fuc4NAc transferase; wecF (gene name)
Systematic name: dTDP-N-acetyl-α-D-fucose:N-acetyl-β-D-mannosaminouronyl-(1→4)-N-acetyl-α-D-glucosaminyl-diphospho-ditrans,octacis-undecaprenol N-acetylfucosaminyltransferase
Comments: Involved in the enterobacterial common antigen (ECA) biosynthesis in the bacterium Escherichia coli. The trisaccharide of the product (lipid III) is the repeat unit of ECA.
Links to other databases: BRENDA, EXPASY, KEGG, MetaCyc
References:
1.  Rahman, A., Barr, K. and Rick, P.D. Identification of the structural gene for the TDP-Fuc4NAc:lipid II Fuc4NAc transferase involved in synthesis of enterobacterial common antigen in Escherichia coli K-12. J. Bacteriol. 183 (2001) 6509–6516. [DOI] [PMID: 11673418]
[EC 2.4.1.325 created 2014]
 
 
EC 2.4.1.343     
Accepted name: UDP-Gal:α-D-GlcNAc-diphosphoundecaprenol α-1,3-galactosyltransferase
Reaction: UDP-α-D-galactose + N-acetyl-α-D-glucosaminyl-diphospho-ditrans,octacis-undecaprenol = UDP + α-D-Gal-(1→3)-α-D-GlcNAc-diphospho-ditrans,octacis-undecaprenol
Other name(s): wclR (gene name)
Systematic name: UDP-α-D-galactose:N-acetyl-α-D-glucosaminyl-diphospho-ditrans,octacis-undecaprenol 3-α-galactosyltransferase (configuration-retaining)
Comments: The enzyme is involved in the the biosynthesis of the O-antigen repeating unit of Escherichia coli O3. Requires a divalent metal ion (Mn2+, Mg2+ or Fe2+). cf. EC 2.4.1.303, UDP-Gal:α-D-GlcNAc-diphosphoundecaprenol β-1,3-galactosyltransferase.
Links to other databases: BRENDA, EXPASY, KEGG, MetaCyc
References:
1.  Chen, C., Liu, B., Xu, Y., Utkina, N., Zhou, D., Danilov, L., Torgov, V., Veselovsky, V. and Feng, L. Biochemical characterization of the novel α-1, 3-galactosyltransferase WclR from Escherichia coli O3. Carbohydr. Res. 430 (2016) 36–43. [DOI] [PMID: 27196310]
[EC 2.4.1.343 created 2017]
 
 
EC 2.4.1.348     
Accepted name: N-acetyl-α-D-glucosaminyl-diphospho-ditrans,octacis-undecaprenol 3-α-mannosyltransferase
Reaction: GDP-α-D-mannose + N-acetyl-α-D-glucosaminyl-diphospho-ditrans,octacis-undecaprenol = GDP + α-D-mannosyl-(1→3)-N-acetyl-α-D-glucosaminyl-diphospho-ditrans,octacis-undecaprenol
Other name(s): WbdC
Systematic name: GDP-α-D-mannose:N-acetyl-α-D-glucosaminyl-diphospho-ditrans,octacis-undecaprenol 3-α-mannosyltransferase (configuration-retaining)
Comments: The enzyme is involved in the biosynthesis of the linker region of the polymannose O-polysaccharide in the outer leaflet of the membrane of Escherichia coli serotypes O8, O9 and O9a.
Links to other databases: BRENDA, EXPASY, KEGG, MetaCyc
References:
1.  Greenfield, L.K., Richards, M.R., Li, J., Wakarchuk, W.W., Lowary, T.L. and Whitfield, C. Biosynthesis of the polymannose lipopolysaccharide O-antigens from Escherichia coli serotypes O8 and O9a requires a unique combination of single- and multiple-active site mannosyltransferases. J. Biol. Chem. 287 (2012) 35078–35091. [DOI] [PMID: 22875852]
[EC 2.4.1.348 created 2017]
 
 
EC 2.4.1.349     
Accepted name: mannosyl-N-acetyl-α-D-glucosaminyl-diphospho-ditrans,octacis-undecaprenol 3-α-mannosyltransferase
Reaction: 2 GDP-α-D-mannose + α-D-mannosyl-(1→3)-N-acetyl-α-D-glucosaminyl-diphospho-ditrans,octacis-undecaprenol = 2 GDP + α-D-mannosyl-(1→3)-α-D-mannosyl-(1→3)-α-D-mannosyl-(1→3)-N-acetyl-α-D-glucosaminyl-diphospho-ditrans,octacis-undecaprenol
Other name(s): WbdB
Systematic name: GDP-α-D-mannose:α-D-mannosyl-(1→3)-N-acetyl-α-D-glucosaminyl-diphospho-ditrans,octacis-undecaprenol 3-α-mannosyltransferase (configuration-retaining)
Comments: The enzyme is involved in the biosynthesis of the linker region of the polymannose O-polysaccharide in the outer leaflet of the membrane of Escherichia coli serotypes O8, O9 and O9a. It has no activity with N-acetyl-α-D-glucosaminyl-diphospho-ditrans,octacis-undecaprenol (cf. EC 2.4.1.348, N-acetyl-α-D-glucosaminyl-diphospho-ditrans,octacis-undecaprenol 3-α-mannosyltransferase).
Links to other databases: BRENDA, EXPASY, KEGG, MetaCyc
References:
1.  Greenfield, L.K., Richards, M.R., Li, J., Wakarchuk, W.W., Lowary, T.L. and Whitfield, C. Biosynthesis of the polymannose lipopolysaccharide O-antigens from Escherichia coli serotypes O8 and O9a requires a unique combination of single- and multiple-active site mannosyltransferases. J. Biol. Chem. 287 (2012) 35078–35091. [DOI] [PMID: 22875852]
[EC 2.4.1.349 created 2017]
 
 
EC 2.4.1.355     
Accepted name: poly(ribitol-phosphate) β-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase
Reaction: n UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-glucosamine + 4-O-(D-ribitylphospho)n-di[(2R)-1-glycerophospho]-N-acetyl-β-D-mannosaminyl-(1→4)-N-acetyl-α-D-glucosaminyl-diphospho-ditrans,octacis-undecaprenol = n UDP + 4-O-(2-N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminyl-D-ribitylphospho)n-di[(2R)-1-glycerophospho]-N-acetyl-β-D-mannosaminyl-(1→4)-N-acetyl-α-D-glucosaminyl-diphospho-ditrans,octacis-undecaprenol
Other name(s): TarS
Systematic name: UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-glucosamine:4-O-(D-ribitylphospho)n-di[(2R)-1-glycerophospho]-N-acetyl-β-D-mannosaminyl-(1→4)-N-acetyl-α-D-glucosaminyl-diphospho-ditrans,octacis-undecaprenol β-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyltransferase (configuration-inverting)
Comments: Involved in the biosynthesis of poly(ribitol-phosphate) teichoic acids in the cell wall of the bacterium Staphylococcus aureus. This enzyme adds an N-acetyl-β-D-glucosamine to the OH group at the 2 position of the ribitol phosphate units. cf. EC 2.4.1.70 [poly(ribitol-phosphate) α-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase].
Links to other databases: BRENDA, EXPASY, KEGG, MetaCyc, PDB
References:
1.  Nathenson, S. G., Strominger, J. L. Enzymatic synthesis of N-acetylglucosaminylribitol linkages in teichoic acid from Staphylococcus aureus, strain Copenhagen. J. Biol. Chem. 238 (1963) 3161–3169. [PMID: 14085356]
2.  Brown, S., Xia, G., Luhachack, L.G., Campbell, J., Meredith, T.C., Chen, C., Winstel, V., Gekeler, C., Irazoqui, J.E., Peschel, A. and Walker, S. Methicillin resistance in Staphylococcus aureus requires glycosylated wall teichoic acids. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 109 (2012) 18909–18914. [DOI] [PMID: 23027967]
3.  Sobhanifar, S., Worrall, L.J., King, D.T., Wasney, G.A., Baumann, L., Gale, R.T., Nosella, M., Brown, E.D., Withers, S.G. and Strynadka, N.C. Structure and mechanism of Staphylococcus aureus TarS, the wall teichoic acid β-glycosyltransferase involved in methicillin resistance. PLoS Pathog. 12:e1006067 (2016). [DOI] [PMID: 27973583]
[EC 2.4.1.355 created 2018]
 
 
EC 2.7.8.12     
Accepted name: teichoic acid poly(glycerol phosphate) polymerase
Reaction: n CDP-glycerol + 4-O-[(2R)-glycerophospho]-N-acetyl-β-D-mannosaminyl-(1→4)-N-acetyl-α-D-glucosaminyl-diphospho-ditrans,octacis-undecaprenol = n CMP + 4-O-{poly[(2R)-glycerophospho]-(2R)-glycerophospho}-N-acetyl-β-D-mannosaminyl-(1→4)-N-acetyl-α-D-glucosaminyl-diphospho-ditrans,octacis-undecaprenol
Other name(s): teichoic-acid synthase; cytidine diphosphoglycerol glycerophosphotransferase; poly(glycerol phosphate) polymerase; teichoic acid glycerol transferase; glycerophosphate synthetase; CGPTase; CDP-glycerol glycerophosphotransferase (ambiguous); Tag polymerase; CDP-glycerol:poly(glycerophosphate) glycerophosphotransferase; tagF (gene name); tarF (gene name) (ambiguous)
Systematic name: CDP-glycerol:4-O-[(2R)-glycerophospho]-N-acetyl-β-D-mannosaminyl-(1→4)-N-acetyl-α-D-glucosaminyl-diphospho-ditrans,octacis-undecaprenol glycerophosphotransferase
Comments: Involved in the biosynthesis of poly glycerol phosphate teichoic acids in bacterial cell walls. This enzyme adds 30–50 glycerol units to the linker molecule, but only after it has been primed with the first glycerol unit by EC 2.7.8.44, teichoic acid poly(glycerol phosphate) primase. cf. EC 2.7.8.45, teichoic acid glycerol-phosphate transferase.
Links to other databases: BRENDA, EXPASY, KEGG, MetaCyc, PDB, CAS registry number: 9076-71-5
References:
1.  Burger, M.M. and Glaser, L. The synthesis of teichoic acids. I. Polyglycerophosphate. J. Biol. Chem. 239 (1964) 3168–3177. [PMID: 14245357]
2.  Schertzer, J.W. and Brown, E.D. Purified, recombinant TagF protein from Bacillus subtilis 168 catalyzes the polymerization of glycerol phosphate onto a membrane acceptor in vitro. J. Biol. Chem. 278 (2003) 18002–18007. [DOI] [PMID: 12637499]
3.  Schertzer, J.W., Bhavsar, A.P. and Brown, E.D. Two conserved histidine residues are critical to the function of the TagF-like family of enzymes. J. Biol. Chem. 280 (2005) 36683–36690. [DOI] [PMID: 16141206]
4.  Pereira, M.P., Schertzer, J.W., D'Elia, M.A., Koteva, K.P., Hughes, D.W., Wright, G.D. and Brown, E.D. The wall teichoic acid polymerase TagF efficiently synthesizes poly(glycerol phosphate) on the TagB product lipid III. ChemBioChem 9 (2008) 1385–1390. [DOI] [PMID: 18465758]
5.  Sewell, E.W., Pereira, M.P. and Brown, E.D. The wall teichoic acid polymerase TagF is non-processive in vitro and amenable to study using steady state kinetic analysis. J. Biol. Chem. 284 (2009) 21132–21138. [DOI] [PMID: 19520862]
6.  Lovering, A.L., Lin, L.Y., Sewell, E.W., Spreter, T., Brown, E.D. and Strynadka, N.C. Structure of the bacterial teichoic acid polymerase TagF provides insights into membrane association and catalysis. Nat. Struct. Mol. Biol. 17 (2010) 582–589. [DOI] [PMID: 20400947]
7.  Brown, S., Meredith, T., Swoboda, J. and Walker, S. Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis W23 make polyribitol wall teichoic acids using different enzymatic pathways. Chem. Biol. 17 (2010) 1101–1110. [DOI] [PMID: 21035733]
[EC 2.7.8.12 created 1972, modified 1982, modified 2017]
 
 
EC 2.7.8.14     
Accepted name: CDP-ribitol ribitolphosphotransferase
Reaction: n CDP-ribitol + 4-O-di[(2R)-1-glycerophospho]-N-acetyl-β-D-mannosaminyl-(1→4)-N-acetyl-α-D-glucosaminyl-diphospho-ditrans,octacis-undecaprenol = n CMP + 4-O-(D-ribitylphospho)n-di[(2R)-1-glycerophospho]-N-acetyl-β-D-mannosaminyl-(1→4)-N-acetyl-α-D-glucosaminyl-diphospho-ditrans,octacis-undecaprenol
Other name(s): teichoic-acid synthase (ambiguous); polyribitol phosphate synthetase (ambiguous); teichoate synthetase (ambiguous); poly(ribitol phosphate) synthetase (ambiguous); polyribitol phosphate polymerase (ambiguous); teichoate synthase (ambiguous); CDP-ribitol:poly(ribitol phosphate) ribitolphosphotransferase
Systematic name: CDP-ribitol:4-O-di[(2R)-1-glycerophospho]-N-acetyl-β-D-mannosaminyl-(1→4)-N-acetyl-α-D-glucosaminyl-diphospho-ditrans,octacis-undecaprenol ribitolphosphotransferase
Comments: Involved in the biosynthesis of poly ribitol phosphate teichoic acids in the cell wall of the bacterium Staphylococcus aureus. This enzyme adds around 40 ribitol units to the linker molecule.
Links to other databases: BRENDA, EXPASY, KEGG, MetaCyc, PDB, CAS registry number: 9076-71-5
References:
1.  Ishimoto, N. and Strominger, J.L. Polyribitol phosphate synthetase of Staphylococcus aureus. J. Biol. Chem. 241 (1966) 639–650. [PMID: 5908130]
2.  Brown, S., Zhang, Y.H. and Walker, S. A revised pathway proposed for Staphylococcus aureus wall teichoic acid biosynthesis based on in vitro reconstitution of the intracellular steps. Chem. Biol. 15 (2008) 12–21. [DOI] [PMID: 18215769]
3.  Pereira, M.P., D'Elia, M.A., Troczynska, J. and Brown, E.D. Duplication of teichoic acid biosynthetic genes in Staphylococcus aureus leads to functionally redundant poly(ribitol phosphate) polymerases. J. Bacteriol. 190 (2008) 5642–5649. [DOI] [PMID: 18556787]
4.  Brown, S., Meredith, T., Swoboda, J. and Walker, S. Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis W23 make polyribitol wall teichoic acids using different enzymatic pathways. Chem. Biol. 17 (2010) 1101–1110. [DOI] [PMID: 21035733]
[EC 2.7.8.14 created 1972 as EC 2.4.1.55, transferred 1982 to EC 2.7.8.14, modified 2017]
 
 
EC 2.7.8.33     
Accepted name: UDP-N-acetylglucosamine—undecaprenyl-phosphate N-acetylglucosaminephosphotransferase
Reaction: UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-glucosamine + ditrans,octacis-undecaprenyl phosphate = UMP + N-acetyl-α-D-glucosaminyl-diphospho-ditrans,octacis-undecaprenol
Glossary: N-acetyl-α-D-glucosaminyl-diphospho-ditrans,octacis-undecaprenol = lipid I = GlcNAc-pyrophosphorylundecaprenol = ditrans,octacis-undecaprenyl-N-acetyl-α-D-glucosaminyl diphosphate
Other name(s): UDP-N-acetylglucosamine:undecaprenyl-phosphate GlcNAc-1-phosphate transferase; WecA; WecA transferase; UDP-GIcNAc:undecaprenyl phosphate N-acetylglucosaminyl 1-P transferase; GlcNAc-P-P-Und synthase; GPT (ambiguous); TagO; UDP-GlcNAc:undecaprenyl-phosphate GlcNAc-1-phosphate transferase; UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine:ditrans,octacis-undecaprenyl phosphate N-acetylglucosaminephosphotransferase
Systematic name: UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-glucosamine:ditrans,octacis-undecaprenyl phosphate N-acetyl-α-D-glucosaminephosphotransferase
Comments: This enzyme catalyses the synthesis of N-acetyl-α-D-glucosaminyl-diphospho-ditrans,octacis-undecaprenol, an essential lipid intermediate for the biosynthesis of various bacterial cell envelope components. The enzyme also initiates the biosynthesis of enterobacterial common antigen and O-antigen lipopolysaccharide in certain Escherichia coli strains, including K-12 [2] and of teichoic acid in certain Gram-positive bacteria [4].
Links to other databases: BRENDA, EXPASY, KEGG, MetaCyc
References:
1.  Al-Dabbagh, B., Mengin-Lecreulx, D. and Bouhss, A. Purification and characterization of the bacterial UDP-GlcNAc:undecaprenyl-phosphate GlcNAc-1-phosphate transferase WecA. J. Bacteriol. 190 (2008) 7141–7146. [DOI] [PMID: 18723618]
2.  Lehrer, J., Vigeant, K.A., Tatar, L.D. and Valvano, M.A. Functional characterization and membrane topology of Escherichia coli WecA, a sugar-phosphate transferase initiating the biosynthesis of enterobacterial common antigen and O-antigen lipopolysaccharide. J. Bacteriol. 189 (2007) 2618–2628. [DOI] [PMID: 17237164]
3.  Rush, J.S., Rick, P.D. and Waechter, C.J. Polyisoprenyl phosphate specificity of UDP-GlcNAc:undecaprenyl phosphate N-acetylglucosaminyl 1-P transferase from E.coli. Glycobiology 7 (1997) 315–322. [DOI] [PMID: 9134438]
4.  Soldo, B., Lazarevic, V. and Karamata, D. tagO is involved in the synthesis of all anionic cell-wall polymers in Bacillus subtilis 168. Microbiology 148 (2002) 2079–2087. [DOI] [PMID: 12101296]
[EC 2.7.8.33 created 2011]
 
 
EC 2.7.8.44     
Accepted name: teichoic acid glycerol-phosphate primase
Reaction: CDP-glycerol + N-acetyl-β-D-mannosaminyl-(1→4)-N-acetyl-α-D-glucosaminyl-diphospho-ditrans,octacis-undecaprenol = CDP + 4-O-[(2R)-1-glycerophospho]-N-acetyl-β-D-mannosaminyl-(1→4)-N-acetyl-α-D-glucosaminyl-diphospho-ditrans,octacis-undecaprenol
Other name(s): Tag primase; CDP-glycerol:glycerophosphate glycerophosphotransferase; tagB (gene name); tarB (gene name)
Systematic name: CDP-glycerol:N-acetyl-β-D-mannosaminyl-(1→4)-N-acetyl-α-D-glucosaminyl-diphospho-ditrans,octacis-undecaprenol glycerophosphotransferase
Comments: Involved in the biosynthesis of teichoic acid linkage units in bacterial cell walls. This enzyme adds the first glycerol unit to the disaccharide linker of the teichoic acid.
Links to other databases: BRENDA, EXPASY, KEGG, MetaCyc
References:
1.  Bhavsar, A.P., Truant, R. and Brown, E.D. The TagB protein in Bacillus subtilis 168 is an intracellular peripheral membrane protein that can incorporate glycerol phosphate onto a membrane-bound acceptor in vitro. J. Biol. Chem. 280 (2005) 36691–36700. [DOI] [PMID: 16150696]
2.  Ginsberg, C., Zhang, Y.H., Yuan, Y. and Walker, S. In vitro reconstitution of two essential steps in wall teichoic acid biosynthesis. ACS Chem. Biol. 1 (2006) 25–28. [DOI] [PMID: 17163636]
3.  Brown, S., Zhang, Y.H. and Walker, S. A revised pathway proposed for Staphylococcus aureus wall teichoic acid biosynthesis based on in vitro reconstitution of the intracellular steps. Chem. Biol. 15 (2008) 12–21. [DOI] [PMID: 18215769]
[EC 2.7.8.44 created 2016]
 
 
EC 2.7.8.45     
Accepted name: teichoic acid glycerol-phosphate transferase
Reaction: CDP-glycerol + 4-O-[(2R)-1-glycerophospho]-N-acetyl-β-D-mannosaminyl-(1→4)-N-acetyl-α-D-glucosaminyl-diphospho-ditrans,octacis-undecaprenol = CDP + 4-O-di[(2R)-1-glycerophospho]-N-acetyl-β-D-mannosaminyl-(1→4)-N-acetyl-α-D-glucosaminyl-diphospho-ditrans,octacis-undecaprenol
Other name(s): tarF (gene name) (ambiguous); teichoic acid glycerol-phosphate primase
Systematic name: CDP-glycerol:4-O-[(2R)-1-glycerophospho]-N-acetyl-β-D-mannosaminyl-(1→4)-N-acetyl-α-D-glucosaminyl-diphospho-ditrans,octacis-undecaprenol glycerophosphotransferase
Comments: Involved in the biosynthesis of teichoic acid linkage units in the cell walls of some bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus. This enzyme adds a second glycerol unit to the disaccharide linker of the teichoic acid. cf. EC 2.7.8.12, teichoic acid poly(glycerol phosphate) polymerase.
Links to other databases: BRENDA, EXPASY, KEGG, MetaCyc
References:
1.  Brown, S., Zhang, Y.H. and Walker, S. A revised pathway proposed for Staphylococcus aureus wall teichoic acid biosynthesis based on in vitro reconstitution of the intracellular steps. Chem. Biol. 15 (2008) 12–21. [DOI] [PMID: 18215769]
2.  Brown, S., Meredith, T., Swoboda, J. and Walker, S. Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis W23 make polyribitol wall teichoic acids using different enzymatic pathways. Chem. Biol. 17 (2010) 1101–1110. [DOI] [PMID: 21035733]
[EC 2.7.8.45 created 2017]
 
 
EC 2.7.8.46     
Accepted name: teichoic acid ribitol-phosphate primase
Reaction: CDP-ribitol + 4-O-[(2R)-1-glycerophospho]-N-acetyl-β-D-mannosaminyl-(1→4)-N-acetyl-α-D-glucosaminyl-diphospho-ditrans,octacis-undecaprenol = CMP + 4-O-[1-D-ribitylphospho-(2R)-1-glycerophospho]-N-acetyl-β-D-mannosaminyl-(1→4)-N-acetyl-α-D-glucosaminyl-diphospho-ditrans,octacis-undecaprenol
Other name(s): Tar primase; tarK (gene name)
Systematic name: CDP-ribitol:4-O-[(2R)-1-glycerophospho]-N-acetyl-β-D-mannosaminyl-(1→4)-N-acetyl-α-D-glucosaminyl-diphospho-ditrans,octacis-undecaprenol ribitylphosphotransferase
Comments: Involved in the biosynthesis of teichoic acid linkage units in the cell wall of Bacillus subtilis W23. This enzyme adds the first ribitol unit to the disaccharide linker of the teichoic acid.
Links to other databases: BRENDA, EXPASY, KEGG, MetaCyc
References:
1.  Brown, S., Meredith, T., Swoboda, J. and Walker, S. Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis W23 make polyribitol wall teichoic acids using different enzymatic pathways. Chem. Biol. 17 (2010) 1101–1110. [DOI] [PMID: 21035733]
[EC 2.7.8.46 created 2017]
 
 
EC 2.7.8.47     
Accepted name: teichoic acid ribitol-phosphate polymerase
Reaction: n CDP-ribitol + 4-O-[1-D-ribitylphospho-(2R)-1-glycerophospho]-N-acetyl-β-D-mannosaminyl-(1→4)-N-acetyl-α-D-glucosaminyl-diphospho-ditrans,octacis-undecaprenol = n CMP + 4-O-[(1-D-ribitylphospho)n-(1-D-ribitylphospho)-(2R)-1-glycerophospho]-N-acetyl-β-D-mannosaminyl-(1→4)-N-acetyl-α-D-glucosaminyl-diphospho-ditrans,octacis-undecaprenol
Other name(s): Tar polymerase (ambiguous); tarL (gene name) (ambiguous)
Systematic name: CDP-ribitol:4-O-[1-D-ribitylphospho-(2R)-1-glycerophospho]-N-acetyl-β-D-mannosaminyl-(1→4)-N-acetyl-α-D-glucosaminyl-diphospho-ditrans,octacis-undecaprenol ribitolphosphotransferase
Comments: Involved in the biosynthesis of teichoic acid linkage units in the cell wall of Bacillus subtilis W23. This enzyme adds the 25-35 ribitol units to the linker molecule.
Links to other databases: BRENDA, EXPASY, KEGG, MetaCyc
References:
1.  Brown, S., Meredith, T., Swoboda, J. and Walker, S. Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis W23 make polyribitol wall teichoic acids using different enzymatic pathways. Chem. Biol. 17 (2010) 1101–1110. [DOI] [PMID: 21035733]
[EC 2.7.8.47 created 2017]
 
 
EC 5.1.3.26     
Accepted name: N-acetyl-α-D-glucosaminyl-diphospho-ditrans,octacis-undecaprenol 4-epimerase
Reaction: N-acetyl-α-D-glucosaminyl-diphospho-ditrans,octacis-undecaprenol = N-acetyl-α-D-galactosaminyl-diphospho-ditrans,octacis-undecaprenol
Other name(s): GlcNAc-P-P-Und epimerase; GlcNAc-P-P-Und 4-epimerase; gne (gene name)
Systematic name: N-acetyl-α-D-glucosaminyl-diphospho-ditrans,octacis-undecaprenol 4-epimerase
Comments: The enzyme is involved in biosynthesis of the repeating tetrasaccharide unit of the O-antigen produced by some Gram-negative bacteria.
Links to other databases: BRENDA, EXPASY, KEGG, MetaCyc
References:
1.  Rush, J.S., Alaimo, C., Robbiani, R., Wacker, M. and Waechter, C.J. A novel epimerase that converts GlcNAc-P-P-undecaprenol to GalNAc-P-P-undecaprenol in Escherichia coli O157. J. Biol. Chem. 285 (2010) 1671–1680. [DOI] [PMID: 19923219]
[EC 5.1.3.26 created 2013]
 
 


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