The Enzyme Database

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EC 2.7.1.68     
Accepted name: 1-phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate 5-kinase
Reaction: ATP + 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 4-phosphate = ADP + 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 4,5-bisphosphate
For diagram of 1-phosphatidyl-myo-inositol metabolism (part 2), click here
Glossary: 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol = PtdIns
1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 3-phosphate = PtdIns3P
1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 4-phosphate = PtdIns4P
1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 3,4-bisphosphate = PtdIns(3,4)P2
1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 4,5-bisphosphate = PtdIns(4,5)P2
Other name(s): diphosphoinositide kinase; PIP kinase; phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate kinase; phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate 5-kinase; type I PIP kinase
Systematic name: ATP:1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol-4-phosphate 5-phosphotransferase
Comments: This enzyme can also phosphorylate PtdIns3P in the 4-position, and PtdIns, PtdIns3P and PtdIns(3,4)P2 in the 5-position in vitro, but to a lesser extent. The last of these reactions occurs in vivo and is physiologically relevant. Three different isoforms are known.
Links to other databases: BRENDA, EXPASY, KEGG, MetaCyc, PDB, CAS registry number: 104645-76-3
References:
1.  Kai, M., Salway, J.G. and Hawthorne, J.N. The diphosphoinositide kinase of rat brain. Biochem. J. 106 (1968) 791–801. [PMID: 4295336]
2.  Kai, M., Salway, J.G., Michell, R.H. and Hawthorne, J.N. The biosynthesis of triphosphoinositide by rat brain in vitro. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 22 (1966) 370–375.
3.  Rameh, L.E., Tolias, K.F., Duckworth, B.C. and Cantley, L.C. A new pathway for synthesis of phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate. Nature 390 (1997) 192–196. [DOI] [PMID: 9367159]
[EC 2.7.1.68 created 1972, modified 1980, modified 1982, modified 2002]
 
 
EC 2.7.1.149     
Accepted name: 1-phosphatidylinositol-5-phosphate 4-kinase
Reaction: ATP + 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 5-phosphate = ADP + 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 4,5-bisphosphate
For diagram of 1-phosphatidyl-myo-inositol metabolism (part 2), click here
Glossary: 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 5-phosphate = PtdIns5P
1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 4,5-bisphosphate = PtdIns(4,5)P2
Other name(s): type II PIP kinase
Systematic name: ATP:1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol-5-phosphate 4-phosphotransferase
Links to other databases: BRENDA, EXPASY, KEGG, MetaCyc, PDB, CAS registry number: 247907-17-1
References:
1.  Rameh, L.E., Tolias, K.F., Duckworth, B.C. and Cantley, L.C. A new pathway for synthesis of phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate. Nature 390 (1997) 192–196. [DOI] [PMID: 9367159]
[EC 2.7.1.149 created 2002]
 
 
EC 2.7.1.153     
Accepted name: phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase
Reaction: ATP + 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 4,5-bisphosphate = ADP + 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate
For diagram of 1-phosphatidyl-myo-inositol metabolism (part 2), click here
Glossary: 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol = PtdIns
1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 3-phosphate = PtdIns3P
1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 4-phosphate = PtdIns4P
1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 3,4-bisphosphate = PtdIns(3,4)P2
1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 4,5-bisphosphate = PtdIns(4,5)P2
1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate = PtdIns(3,4,5)P3
Other name(s): type I phosphoinositide 3-kinase
Systematic name: ATP:1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-phosphotransferase
Comments: This enzyme also catalyses the phosphorylation of PtdIns4P to PtdIns(3,4)P2, and of PtdIns to PtdIns3P. Four mammalian isoforms are known to exist.
Links to other databases: BRENDA, EXPASY, KEGG, MetaCyc, PDB, CAS registry number: 103843-30-7
References:
1.  Vanhaesebroeck, B., Leevers, S.J., Ahmadi, K., Timms, J., Katso, R., Driscoll, P.C., Woscholski, R., Parker, P.J. and Waterfield, M.D. Synthesis and function of 3-phosphorylated inositol lipids. Annu. Rev. Biochem. 70 (2001) 535–602. [DOI] [PMID: 11395417]
[EC 2.7.1.153 created 2002]
 
 
EC 3.1.3.36     
Accepted name: phosphoinositide 5-phosphatase
Reaction: 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 4,5-bisphosphate + H2O = 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 4-phosphate + phosphate
For diagram of 1-phosphatidyl-myo-inositol metabolism, click here
Glossary: 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 4-phosphate = PtdIns4P
1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 1,4-bisphosphate = PtdIns(1,4)P2
1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 4,5-bisphosphate = PtdIns(4,5)P2
1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 1,3,4-trisphosphate = PtdIns(1,3,4)P3
1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate = PtdIns(1,4,5)P3
1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate = PtdIns(3,4,5)P3
1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 1,3,4,5-tetrakisphosphate = PtdIns(1,3,4,5)P4
Other name(s): type II inositol polyphosphate 5-phosphatase; triphosphoinositide phosphatase; IP3 phosphatase; PtdIns(4,5)P2 phosphatase; triphosphoinositide phosphomonoesterase; diphosphoinositide phosphatase; inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate 5-phosphomonoesterase; inositol triphosphate 5-phosphomonoesterase; phosphatidylinositol-bisphosphatase; phosphatidyl-myo-inositol-4,5-bisphosphate phosphatase; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphatase; polyphosphoinositol lipid 5-phosphatase; phosphatidyl-inositol-bisphosphate phosphatase
Systematic name: phosphatidyl-myo-inositol-4,5-bisphosphate 4-phosphohydrolase
Comments: These enzymes can also remove the 5-phosphate from Ins(1,4,5)P3 and/or Ins(1,3,4,5)P4. They are a diverse family of enzymes, with differing abilities to catalyse two or more of the four reactions listed. They are thought to use inositol lipids rather than inositol phosphates as substrates in vivo. All of them can use either or both of PtdIns(4,5)P2 and PtdIns(3,4,5)P3 as substrates; this is the main property that distinguishes them from EC 3.1.3.56, inositol-polyphosphate 5-phosphatase.
Links to other databases: BRENDA, EXPASY, KEGG, MetaCyc, PDB, CAS registry number: 9036-01-5
References:
1.  Dawson, R.M.C. and Thompson, W. The triphosphoinositide phosphomonoesterase of brain tissue. Biochem. J. 91 (1964) 244–250. [PMID: 4284485]
2.  Roach, P.D. and Palmer, F.B.S. Human erythrocyte cytosol phosphatidyl-inositol-bisphosphate phosphatase. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 661 (1981) 323–333. [DOI] [PMID: 6271223]
3.  Woscholski, R. and Parker, P.J. Inositol phosphatases: constructive destruction of phosphoinositides and inositol phosphates. In: Cockcroft, S. (Ed.), Biology of Phosphoinositides, Biology of Phosphoinositides, Oxford, 2000, pp. 320–338.
[EC 3.1.3.36 created 1972, modified 2002]
 
 
EC 3.1.3.67     
Accepted name: phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate 3-phosphatase
Reaction: 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate + H2O = 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 4,5-bisphosphate + phosphate
For diagram of 1-phosphatidyl-myo-inositol metabolism, click here
Glossary: inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate = Ins(1,4,5)P3
inositol 1,3,4,5-tetrakisphosphate = Ins(1,3,4,5)P4
1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 4,5-bisphosphate = PtdIns(4,5)P2
1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate = PtdIns(3,4,5)P3
Other name(s): PTEN (gene name); MMAC1 (gene name); phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate 3-phosphohydrolase
Systematic name: 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate 3-phosphohydrolase
Comments: Requires Mg2+. Does not dephosphorylate inositol 4,5-bisphosphate. This enzyme still works when the 2,3-bis(acyloxy)propyl group is removed, i.e., it hydrolyses Ins(1,3,4,5)P4 to Ins(1,4,5)P3
Links to other databases: BRENDA, EXPASY, KEGG, MetaCyc, PDB, CAS registry number: 210488-47-4
References:
1.  Kabuyama, Y., Nakatsu, N., Homma, Y., Fukui, Y. Purification and characterization of phosphatidyl inositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate phosphatase in bovine thymus. Eur. J. Biochem. 238 (1996) 350–356. [DOI] [PMID: 8681945]
2.  Maehama, T. and Dixon, J.E. The tumor suppressor, PTEN /MMAC1, dephosphorylates the lipid second messenger, phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate. J. Biol. Chem. 273 (1998) 13375–13378. [DOI] [PMID: 9593664]
[EC 3.1.3.67 created 1999, modified 2002]
 
 
EC 3.1.3.78     
Accepted name: phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 4-phosphatase
Reaction: 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 4,5-bisphosphate + H2O = 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 5-phosphate + phosphate
Glossary: 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 3-phosphate = PtdIns3P
1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 4-phosphate = PtdIns4P
1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 5-phosphate = PtdIns5P
1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 3,4-bisphosphate = PtdIns(3,4)P2
1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 3,5-bisphosphate = PtdIns(3,5)P2
1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 4,5-bisphosphate = PtdIns(4,5)P2
1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate = PtdIns(3,4,5)P3
Other name(s): phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 4-phosphatase I; phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 4-phosphatase II; type I PtdIns-4,5-P2 4-Ptase; type II PtdIns-4,5-P2 4-Ptase; IpgD; PtdIns-4,5-P2 4-phosphatase type I; PtdIns-4,5-P2 4-phosphatase type II; type I phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 4-phosphatase; type 1 4-phosphatase
Systematic name: 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol-4,5-bisphosphate 4-phosphohydrolase
Comments: Two pathways exist in mammalian cells to degrade 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 4,5-bisphosphate [PtdIns(4,5)P2] [2]. One is catalysed by this enzyme and the other by EC 3.1.3.36, phosphoinositide 5-phosphatase, where the product is PtdIns4P. The enzyme from human is specific for PtdIns(4,5)P2 as substrate, as it cannot use PtdIns(3,4,5)P3, PtdIns(3,4)P2, PtdIns(3,5)P2, PtdIns5P, PtdIns4P or PtdIns3P [2]. In humans, the enzyme is localized to late endosomal/lysosomal membranes [2]. It can control nuclear levels of PtdIns5P and thereby control p53-dependent apoptosis [3].
Links to other databases: BRENDA, EXPASY, KEGG, MetaCyc, PDB
References:
1.  Niebuhr, K., Giuriato, S., Pedron, T., Philpott, D.J., Gaits, F., Sable, J., Sheetz, M.P., Parsot, C., Sansonetti, P.J. and Payrastre, B. Conversion of PtdIns(4,5)P2 into PtdIns(5)P by the S. flexneri effector IpgD reorganizes host cell morphology. EMBO J. 21 (2002) 5069–5078. [DOI] [PMID: 12356723]
2.  Ungewickell, A., Hugge, C., Kisseleva, M., Chang, S.C., Zou, J., Feng, Y., Galyov, E.E., Wilson, M. and Majerus, P.W. The identification and characterization of two phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 4-phosphatases. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 102 (2005) 18854–18859. [DOI] [PMID: 16365287]
3.  Zou, J., Marjanovic, J., Kisseleva, M.V., Wilson, M. and Majerus, P.W. Type I phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 4-phosphatase regulates stress-induced apoptosis. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 104 (2007) 16834–16839. [DOI] [PMID: 17940011]
4.  Mason, D., Mallo, G.V., Terebiznik, M.R., Payrastre, B., Finlay, B.B., Brumell, J.H., Rameh, L. and Grinstein, S. Alteration of epithelial structure and function associated with PtdIns(4,5)P2 degradation by a bacterial phosphatase. J. Gen. Physiol. 129 (2007) 267–283. [DOI] [PMID: 17389247]
[EC 3.1.3.78 created 2008]
 
 
EC 3.1.4.11     
Accepted name: phosphoinositide phospholipase C
Reaction: 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 4,5-bisphosphate + H2O = 1D-myo-inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate + diacylglycerol
For diagram of myo-inositol-phosphate biosynthesis, click here
Other name(s): triphosphoinositide phosphodiesterase; phosphoinositidase C; 1-phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase; monophosphatidylinositol phosphodiesterase; phosphatidylinositol phospholipase C; PI-PLC; 1-phosphatidyl-D-myo-inositol-4,5-bisphosphate inositoltrisphosphohydrolase
Systematic name: 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol-4,5-bisphosphate inositoltrisphosphohydrolase
Comments: These enzymes form some of the cyclic phosphate Ins(cyclic1,2)P(4,5)P2 as well as Ins(1,4,5)P3. They show activity towards phosphatidylinositol, i.e., the activity of EC 4.6.1.13, phosphatidylinositol diacylglycerol-lyase, in vitro at high [Ca2+]. Four β-isoforms regulated by G-proteins, two γ-forms regulated by tyrosine kinases, four δ-forms regulated at least in part by calcium and an ε-form, probably regulated by the oncogene ras, have been found.
Links to other databases: BRENDA, EXPASY, KEGG, MetaCyc, PDB, CAS registry number: 63551-76-8
References:
1.  Downes, C.P. and Michell, R.H. The polyphosphoinositide phosphodiesterase of erythrocyte membranes. Biochem. J. 198 (1981) 133–140. [PMID: 6275838]
2.  Thompson, W. and Dawson, R.M.C. The triphosphoinositide phosphodiesterase of brain tissue. Biochem. J. 91 (1964) 237–243. [PMID: 4284484]
3.  Rhee, S.G. and Bae, Y.S. Regulation of phosphoinositide-specific phospholipase C isozymes. J. Biol. Chem. 272 (1997) 15045–15048. [DOI] [PMID: 9182519]
[EC 3.1.4.11 created 1972, modified 2002]
 
 


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