ExplorEnz: EC 3.6.1.5

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3.6.1.5

Accepted name:

apyrase

Reaction:

a nucleoside 5′-triphosphate + 2 H₂O = a nucleoside 5′-phosphate + 2 phosphate (overall reaction)
(1a) a nucleoside 5′-triphosphate + H₂O = a nucleoside 5′-diphosphate + phosphate
(1b) a nucleoside 5′-diphosphate + H₂O = a nucleoside 5′-phosphate + phosphate

Other name(s):

ATP-diphosphatase (ambiguous); adenosine diphosphatase; ADPase; ATP diphosphohydrolase [ambiguous]

Systematic name:

nucleoside triphosphate phosphohydrolase (nucleoside monophosphoate-forming)

Comments:

Apyrases are active against both di- and triphosphate nucleotides (NDPs and NTPs) and hydrolyse NTPs to nucleotide monophosphates (NMPs) in two distinct successive phosphate-releasing steps, with NDPs as intermediates. They differ from ATPases, which specifically hydrolyse ATP, by hydrolysing both ATP and ADP. The eukaryotic enzymes requires Ca²⁺, but Mg²⁺ can substitute. Most of the ecto-ATPases that occur on the cell surface and hydrolyse extracellular nucleotides belong to this enzyme family.

Links to other databases:

BRENDA, EXPASY, KEGG, MetaCyc, PDB, CAS registry number: 9000-95-7

References:

1.	Krishnan, P.S. Apyrase, pyrophosphatase and metaphosphatase of Penicillium chrysogenum. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 37 (1952) 224–234. [DOI] [PMID: 14953432]
2.	Liébecq, C., Lallemand, A. and Degueldre-Guillaume, M.-J. [Partial purification and properties of potato apyrase.] Bull. Soc. Chim. Biol. 45 (1963) 573–594. [PMID: 13930517] (in French)
3.	Chen, Y.R., Datta, N. and Roux, S.J. Purification and partial characterization of a calmodulin-stimulated nucleoside triphosphatase from pea nuclei. J. Biol. Chem. 262 (1987) 10689–10694. [PMID: 3038893]
4.	Christoforidis, S., Papamarcaki, T., Galaris, D., Kellner, R. and Tsolas, O. Purification and properties of human placental ATP diphosphohydrolase. Eur. J. Biochem. 234 (1995) 66–74. [DOI] [PMID: 8529670]
5.	Wang, T.F. and Guidotti, G. CD39 is an ecto-(Ca²⁺,Mg²⁺)-apyrase. J. Biol. Chem. 271 (1996) 9898–9901. [DOI] [PMID: 8626624]
6.	Gao, X.D., Kaigorodov, V. and Jigami, Y. YND1, a homologue of GDA1, encodes membrane-bound apyrase required for Golgi N- and O-glycosylation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. J. Biol. Chem. 274 (1999) 21450–21456. [DOI] [PMID: 10409709]
7.	Xu, W., Jones, C.R., Dunn, C.A. and Bessman, M.J. Gene ytkD of Bacillus subtilis encodes an atypical nucleoside triphosphatase member of the Nudix hydrolase superfamily. J. Bacteriol. 186 (2004) 8380–8384. [DOI] [PMID: 15576788]

[EC 3.6.1.5 created 1961, modified 1976, modified 2000, modified 2013]