ExplorEnz: EC 2.7.12.2

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2.7.12.2

Accepted name:

mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase

Reaction:

ATP + a protein = ADP + a phosphoprotein

Other name(s):

MAP kinase kinase; MAP kinase kinase 4; MAP kinase kinase 7; MAP kinase or ERK kinase; MAP2K; MAPKK; MAPKK1; MEK; MEK1; MEK2; MKK; MKK2; MKK4; MKK6; MKK7; STK27

Systematic name:

ATP:protein phosphotransferase (MAPKKK-activated)

Comments:

This enzyme is a dual-specific protein kinase and requires mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase (MAPKKK) for activation. It is required for activation of EC 2.7.11.24, mitogen-activated protein kinase. Phosphorylation of MEK1 by Raf involves phosphorylation of two serine residues [5]. Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signal transduction pathways are among the most widespread mechanisms of cellular regulation. Mammalian MAPK pathways can be recruited by a wide variety of stimuli including hormones (e.g. insulin and growth hormone), mitogens (e.g. epidermal growth factor and platelet-derived growth factor), vasoactive peptides (e.g. angiotensin-II and endothelin), inflammatory cytokines of the tumour necrosis factor (TNF) family and environmental stresses such as osmotic shock, ionizing radiation and ischemeic injury.

Links to other databases:

BRENDA, EXPASY, KEGG, MetaCyc, PDB

References:

1.	Mordret, G. MAP kinase kinase: a node connecting multiple pathways. Biol. Cell 79 (1993) 193–207. [DOI] [PMID: 8004006]
2.	Zheng, C.F. and Guan, K.L. Cloning and characterization of two distinct human extracellular signal-regulated kinase activator kinases, MEK 1 and MEK2. J. Biol. Chem. 268 (1993) 11435–11439. [PMID: 8388392]
3.	Wu, J., Harrison, J.K., Dent, P., Lynch, K.R., Weber, M.J. and Sturgill, T.W. Identification and characterization of a new mammalian mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase, MKK 2. Mol. Cell. Biol. 13 (1993) 4539–4548. [DOI] [PMID: 8393135]
4.	Alessi, D.R., Saito, Y., Campbell, D.G., Cohen, P., Sithanandam, G., Rapp, U., Ashworth, A., Marshall, C.J. and Cowley, S. Identification of the sites in MAP kinase kinase-1 phosphorylated by p74raf-1. EMBO J. 13 (1994) 1610–1619. [PMID: 8157000]
5.	Pham, C.D., Arlinghaus, R.B., Zheng, C.F., Guan, K.L. and Singh, B. Characterization of MEK1 phosphorylation by the v-Mos protein. Oncogene 10 (1995) 1683–1688. [PMID: 7731726]
6.	Han, J., Lee, J.D., Jiang, Y., Li, Z., Feng, L. and Ulevitch, R.J. Characterization of the structure and function of a novel MAP kinase kinase (MKK6). J. Biol. Chem. 271 (1996) 2886–2891. [DOI] [PMID: 8621675]

[EC 2.7.12.2 created 2005]