The Enzyme Database

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EC 1.3.99.27     
Accepted name: 1-hydroxycarotenoid 3,4-desaturase
Reaction: 1-hydroxy-1,2-dihydrolycopene + acceptor = 1-hydroxy-3,4-didehydro-1,2-dihydrolycopene + reduced acceptor
Other name(s): CrtD; hydroxyneurosporene desaturase; carotenoid 3,4-dehydrogenase; 1-hydroxy-carotenoid 3,4-dehydrogenase
Systematic name: 1-hydroxy-1,2-dihydrolycopene:acceptor oxidoreductase
Comments: The enzymes from Rubrivivax gelatinosus and Rhodobacter sphaeroides prefer the acyclic carotenoids (e.g. 1-hydroxy-1,2-dihydroneurosporene, 1-hydroxy-1,2-dihydrolycopene) as substrates. The conversion rate for the 3,4-desaturation of the monocyclic 1′-hydroxy-1′,2′-dihydro-γ-carotene is lower [2,3]. The enzyme from the marine bacterium strain P99-3 shows high activity with the monocyclic carotenoid 1′-hydroxy-1′,2′-dihydro-γ-carotene [1]. The enzyme from Rhodobacter sphaeroides utilizes molecular oxygen as the electron acceptor in vitro [3]. However, oxygen is unlikely to be the natural electron acceptor under anaerobic conditions.
Links to other databases: BRENDA, EXPASY, KEGG, MetaCyc, PDB
References:
1.  Teramoto, M., Rahlert, N., Misawa, N. and Sandmann, G. 1-Hydroxy monocyclic carotenoid 3,4-dehydrogenase from a marine bacterium that produces myxol. FEBS Lett. 570 (2004) 184–188. [DOI] [PMID: 15251462]
2.  Steiger, S., Astier, C. and Sandmann, G. Substrate specificity of the expressed carotenoid 3,4-desaturase from Rubrivivax gelatinosus reveals the detailed reaction sequence to spheroidene and spirilloxanthin. Biochem. J. 349 (2000) 635–640. [PMID: 10880364]
3.  Albrecht, M., Ruther, A. and Sandmann, G. Purification and biochemical characterization of a hydroxyneurosporene desaturase involved in the biosynthetic pathway of the carotenoid spheroidene in Rhodobacter sphaeroides. J. Bacteriol. 179 (1997) 7462–7467. [DOI] [PMID: 9393712]
[EC 1.3.99.27 created 2011]
 
 


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