ExplorEnz: EC 1.14.19.5

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1.14.19.5

Accepted name:

acyl-CoA 11-(Z)-desaturase

Reaction:

an acyl-CoA + 2 ferrocytochrome b₅ + O₂ + 2 H⁺ = an (11Z)-enoyl-CoA + 2 ferricytochrome b₅ + 2 H₂O

Other name(s):

Δ¹¹ desaturase; fatty acid Δ¹¹-desaturase; TpDESN; Cro-PG; Δ¹¹ fatty acid desaturase; Z/E11-desaturase; Δ¹¹-palmitoyl-CoA desaturase; acyl-CoA,hydrogen donor:oxygen Δ¹¹-oxidoreductase; Δ¹¹-fatty-acid desaturase

Systematic name:

acyl-CoA,ferrocytochrome b₅:oxygen oxidoreductase (11,12 cis-dehydrogenating)

Comments:

The enzyme introduces a cis double bond at position C-11 of saturated fatty acyl-CoAs. In moths the enzyme participates in the biosynthesis of their sex pheromones. The enzyme from the marine microalga Thalassiosira pseudonana is specific for palmitoyl-CoA (16:0) [4], that from the leafroller moth Choristoneura rosaceana desaturates myristoyl-CoA (14:0) [5], while that from the moth Spodoptera littoralis accepts both substrates [1]. The enzyme contains three histidine boxes that are conserved in all desaturases [2]. It is membrane-bound, and contains a cytochrome b₅-like domain at the N-terminus that serves as the electron donor for the active site of the desaturase.

Links to other databases:

BRENDA, EXPASY, KEGG, MetaCyc

References:

1.	Martinez, T., Fabrias, G. and Camps, F. Sex pheromone biosynthetic pathway in Spodoptera littoralis and its activation by a neurohormone. J. Biol. Chem. 265 (1990) 1381–1387. [PMID: 2295634]
2.	Rodriguez, F., Hallahan, D.L., Pickett, J.A. and Camps, F. Characterization of the Δ¹¹-palmitoyl-CoA-desaturase from Spodoptera littoralis (Lepidoptera:Noctuidae). Insect Biochem. Mol. Biol. 22 (1992) 143–148.
3.	Navarro, I., Font, I., Fabrias, G. and Camps, F. Stereospecificity of the (E)- and (Z)-11 myristoyl desaturases in the biosynthesis of Spodoptera littoralis sex pheromone. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 119 (1997) 11335–11336.
4.	Tonon, T., Harvey, D., Qing, R., Li, Y., Larson, T.R. and Graham, I.A. Identification of a fatty acid Δ¹¹-desaturase from the microalga Thalassiosira pseudonana. FEBS Lett. 563 (2004) 28–34. [DOI] [PMID: 15063718]
5.	Hao, G., O'Connor, M., Liu, W. and Roelofs, W.L. Characterization of Z/E11- and Z9-desaturases from the obliquebanded leafroller moth, Choristoneura rosaceana. J. Insect Sci. 2:26 (2002) 1–7. [PMID: 15455060]

[EC 1.14.19.5 created 2008 (EC 1.14.99.32 created 2000, incorporated 2015), modified 2015]