ExplorEnz: EC 1.14.14.17

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1.14.14.17

Accepted name:

squalene monooxygenase

Reaction:

squalene + [reduced NADPH—hemoprotein reductase] + O₂ = (3S)-2,3-epoxy-2,3-dihydrosqualene + [oxidized NADPH—hemoprotein reductase] + H₂O

For diagram of α-onocerin biosynthesis, click here and for diagram of triterpenoid biosynthesis, click here

Other name(s):

squalene epoxidase; squalene-2,3-epoxide cyclase; squalene 2,3-oxidocyclase; squalene hydroxylase; squalene oxydocyclase; squalene-2,3-epoxidase

Systematic name:

squalene,NADPH—hemoprotein:oxygen oxidoreductase (2,3-epoxidizing)

Comments:

A flavoprotein (FAD). This enzyme, together with EC 5.4.99.7, lanosterol synthase, was formerly known as squalene oxidocyclase. The electron donor is EC 1.6.2.4, NADPH—hemoprotein reductase [5,7].

Links to other databases:

BRENDA, EXPASY, KEGG, MetaCyc, PDB, CAS registry number: 9029-62-3

References:

1.	Corey, E.J., Russey, W.E. and Ortiz de Montellano, P.R. 2,3-Oxidosqualene, an intermediate in the biological synthesis of sterols from squalene. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 88 (1966) 4750–4751. [PMID: 5918046]
2.	Tchen, T.T. and Bloch, K. On the conversion of squalene to lanosterol in vitro. J. Biol. Chem. 226 (1957) 921–930. [PMID: 13438881]
3.	van Tamelen, E.E., Willett, J.D., Clayton, R.B. and Lord, K.E. Enzymic conversion of squalene 2,3-oxide to lanosterol and cholesterol. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 88 (1966) 4752–4754. [PMID: 5918048]
4.	Yamamoto, S. and Bloch, K. Studies on squalene epoxidase of rat liver. J. Biol. Chem. 245 (1970) 1670–1674. [PMID: 5438357]
5.	Ono, T. and Bloch, K. Solubilization and partial characterization of rat liver squalene epoxidase. J. Biol. Chem. 250 (1975) 1571–1579. [PMID: 234459]
6.	Satoh, T., Horie, M., Watanabe, H., Tsuchiya, Y. and Kamei, T. Enzymatic properties of squalene epoxidase from Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Biol. Pharm. Bull. 16 (1993) 349–352. [PMID: 8358382]
7.	Chugh, A., Ray, A. and Gupta, J.B. Squalene epoxidase as hypocholesterolemic drug target revisited. Prog. Lipid Res. 42 (2003) 37–50. [DOI] [PMID: 12467639]
8.	He, F., Zhu, Y., He, M. and Zhang, Y. Molecular cloning and characterization of the gene encoding squalene epoxidase in Panax notoginseng. DNA Seq 19 (2008) 270–273. [DOI] [PMID: 17852349]

[EC 1.14.14.17 created 1961 as EC 1.99.1.13, transferred 1965 to EC 1.14.1.3, part transferred 1972 to EC 1.14.99.7, transferred 2011 to EC 1.14.13.132, transferred 2015 to EC 1.14.14.17]